<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Ludo School]]></title><description><![CDATA[Không gian hỗ trợ phát triển & tôn vinh các loại hình trò chơi tương tác trong đời sống hiện đại Việt Nam.]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fcp5!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b8a6172-2c44-441e-82b9-18b7335d79ca_1280x1280.png</url><title>Ludo School</title><link>https://www.ludo.school</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 02:32:12 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.ludo.school/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[ludoschool@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[ludoschool@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[ludoschool@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[ludoschool@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Chiến lược “Lò luyện”: Biến người dùng phổ thông thành “Super Fan” qua các thử thách khắc nghiệt.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t chuy&#7875;n h&#243;a s&#7921; gian kh&#7893; th&#224;nh l&#242;ng trung th&#224;nh tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i.]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/chien-luoc-lo-luyen-bien-nguoi-dung</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/chien-luoc-lo-luyen-bien-nguoi-dung</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Yuh Its me]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 18 Apr 2026 16:40:41 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BYM6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5952b60-fc6f-4a4e-8ce9-51ba65b23166_640x360.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BYM6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5952b60-fc6f-4a4e-8ce9-51ba65b23166_640x360.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BYM6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5952b60-fc6f-4a4e-8ce9-51ba65b23166_640x360.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BYM6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5952b60-fc6f-4a4e-8ce9-51ba65b23166_640x360.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BYM6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5952b60-fc6f-4a4e-8ce9-51ba65b23166_640x360.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BYM6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5952b60-fc6f-4a4e-8ce9-51ba65b23166_640x360.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BYM6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5952b60-fc6f-4a4e-8ce9-51ba65b23166_640x360.png" width="728" height="409.5" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d5952b60-fc6f-4a4e-8ce9-51ba65b23166_640x360.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:360,&quot;width&quot;:640,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:728,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BYM6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5952b60-fc6f-4a4e-8ce9-51ba65b23166_640x360.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BYM6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5952b60-fc6f-4a4e-8ce9-51ba65b23166_640x360.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BYM6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5952b60-fc6f-4a4e-8ce9-51ba65b23166_640x360.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BYM6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5952b60-fc6f-4a4e-8ce9-51ba65b23166_640x360.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Trong k&#7927; nguy&#234;n c&#7911;a s&#7921; ti&#7879;n l&#7907;i v&#224; nh&#7919;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#8220;m&#236; &#259;n li&#7873;n&#8221;, ch&#250;ng ta th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#7847;m t&#432;&#7903;ng r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c chi&#7873;u chu&#7897;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng b&#7857;ng m&#7885;i gi&#225; l&#224; c&#225;ch duy nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n h&#7885;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, Ludo School s&#7869; ch&#7913;ng minh m&#7897;t ngh&#7883;ch l&#253; &#273;&#7847;y quy&#7873;n n&#259;ng: Nh&#7919;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#8220;kh&#7855;c nghi&#7879;t&#8221; v&#224; &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i cao nh&#7845;t l&#7841;i ch&#237;nh l&#224; n&#417;i t&#7841;o ra nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#226;m m&#7897; cu&#7891;ng nhi&#7879;t nh&#7845;t. Ch&#224;o m&#7915;ng b&#7841;n &#273;&#7871;n v&#7899;i chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c &#8220;L&#242; luy&#7879;n&#8221;.</p><p>T&#7841;i sao nh&#7919;ng tr&#242; ch&#417;i c&#243; &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; c&#7921;c cao, tr&#7915;ng ph&#7841;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i n&#7863;ng n&#7873; v&#224; y&#234;u c&#7847;u s&#7921; t&#7853;p trung tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i l&#7841;i s&#7903; h&#7919;u c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng trung th&#224;nh &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c c&#7921;c &#273;oan? C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; s&#7921; &#8220;kh&#7893; h&#7841;nh&#8221; v&#244; ngh&#297;a, m&#224; n&#7857;m &#7903; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c c&#7911;a <strong>H&#224;nh tr&#236;nh Anh h&#249;ng (Hero&#8217;s Journey)</strong>. Khi v&#432;&#7907;t qua m&#7897;t th&#7917; th&#225;ch th&#7921;c s&#7921; kh&#7855;c nghi&#7879;t, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng &#7843;o hay l&#7901;i khen ng&#7907;i h&#7901;i h&#7907;t; h&#7885; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t s&#7921; x&#225;c nh&#7853;n v&#7873; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c v&#224; m&#7897;t phi&#234;n b&#7843;n t&#7889;t h&#417;n, ki&#234;n c&#432;&#7901;ng h&#417;n c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh. S&#7921; kh&#7855;c nghi&#7879;t &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; nh&#432; m&#7897;t ch&#7845;t x&#250;c t&#225;c h&#243;a h&#7885;c, nung ch&#7843;y s&#7921; th&#7901; &#417; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#250;c k&#7871;t n&#234;n ni&#7873;m &#273;am m&#234;.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.ludo.school/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#128161; <strong>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#237;ch nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chuy&#234;n s&#226;u nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng?</strong> H&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n newsletter c&#7911;a Ludo School &#273;&#7875; kh&#244;ng b&#7887; l&#7905; b&#7845;t k&#7923; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;o v&#224; kh&#225;m ph&#225; nh&#7919;ng g&#243;c nh&#236;n &#273;&#7897;c &#273;&#225;o v&#7873; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game h&#224;ng th&#225;ng nh&#233;!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p><h4><strong>1. T&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c v&#7873; &#8220;S&#7921; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; n&#7895; l&#7921;c&#8221; (Effort Justification)</strong></h4><p>T&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c h&#224;nh vi ch&#7881; ra m&#7897;t hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng th&#250; v&#7883;: Con ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng g&#225;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; cao h&#417;n m&#7897;t c&#225;ch b&#7845;t h&#7907;p l&#253; cho nh&#7919;ng m&#7909;c ti&#234;u m&#224; h&#7885; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7893; m&#7891; h&#244;i, c&#244;ng s&#7913;c v&#224; c&#7843; s&#7921; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Trong Gamification, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; r&#7877; s&#226;u v&#7919;ng ch&#7855;c nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a l&#242;ng trung th&#224;nh. N&#7871;u m&#7897;t &#273;&#7863;c quy&#7873;n ho&#7863;c v&#7853;t ph&#7849;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ban t&#7863;ng qu&#225; d&#7877; d&#224;ng, n&#243; s&#7869; s&#7899;m b&#7883; coi l&#224; r&#7867; r&#250;ng v&#224; d&#7877; d&#224;ng b&#7883; l&#227;ng qu&#234;n. Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u n&#243; l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a m&#7897;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#8220;L&#242; luy&#7879;n&#8221; &#273;&#7847;y cam go, n&#243; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t m&#7843;nh linh h&#7891;n c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7903; h&#7919;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dxkd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26f433c-8205-486d-a0f5-50e1a346fd1d_992x558.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dxkd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26f433c-8205-486d-a0f5-50e1a346fd1d_992x558.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dxkd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26f433c-8205-486d-a0f5-50e1a346fd1d_992x558.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dxkd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26f433c-8205-486d-a0f5-50e1a346fd1d_992x558.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dxkd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26f433c-8205-486d-a0f5-50e1a346fd1d_992x558.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dxkd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26f433c-8205-486d-a0f5-50e1a346fd1d_992x558.png" width="992" height="558" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f26f433c-8205-486d-a0f5-50e1a346fd1d_992x558.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:558,&quot;width&quot;:992,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dxkd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26f433c-8205-486d-a0f5-50e1a346fd1d_992x558.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dxkd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26f433c-8205-486d-a0f5-50e1a346fd1d_992x558.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dxkd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26f433c-8205-486d-a0f5-50e1a346fd1d_992x558.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dxkd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26f433c-8205-486d-a0f5-50e1a346fd1d_992x558.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>H&#227;y nh&#236;n s&#226;u v&#224;o c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng c&#7911;a <strong>EVE Online</strong> &#8211; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng tr&#242; ch&#417;i kh&#243; ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n nh&#7845;t h&#224;nh tinh v&#7899;i bi&#7879;t danh &#8220;B&#7843;ng t&#237;nh trong kh&#244;ng gian&#8221; (Spreadsheets in space). &#272;&#7875; th&#7921;c s&#7921; b&#432;&#7899;c ch&#226;n v&#224;o cu&#7897;c ch&#417;i, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng m&#7899;i ph&#7843;i v&#432;&#7907;t qua m&#7897;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong h&#7885;c t&#7853;p (learning curve) d&#7921;ng &#273;&#7913;ng: h&#7885;c v&#7873; kinh t&#7871; v&#297; m&#244;, ch&#237;nh tr&#7883; qu&#7889;c t&#7871; v&#224; qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; r&#7911;i ro ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p. Ch&#237;nh c&#225;i ng&#432;&#7905;ng c&#7917;a gia nh&#7853;p (Barrier to entry) cao ng&#7845;t ng&#432;&#7905;ng n&#224;y &#273;&#227; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t b&#7897; l&#7885;c v&#259;n h&#243;a t&#7921; nhi&#234;n, s&#224;ng l&#7885;c &#273;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng h&#7901;i h&#7907;t, ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng &#8220;Super Fan&#8221; tinh anh nh&#7845;t. S&#7921; kh&#7855;c nghi&#7879;t &#7903; &#273;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; r&#224;o c&#7843;n, m&#224; l&#224; l&#7901;i kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7873; &#273;&#7859;ng c&#7845;p: <em>&#8220;T&#244;i thu&#7897;c v&#7873; s&#7889; &#237;t nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7911; ki&#234;n tr&#236; &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;u v&#224; l&#224;m ch&#7911; th&#7871; gi&#7899;i n&#224;y.&#8221;</em> H&#7879; qu&#7843; l&#224;, thay v&#236; r&#7901;i b&#7887; khi g&#7863;p kh&#243; kh&#259;n, ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i EVE l&#7841;i c&#224;ng g&#7855;n b&#243; ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; h&#417;n v&#236; h&#7885; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u &#8220;m&#225;u v&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c m&#7855;t&#8221; v&#224;o &#273;&#243;.</p><h4><strong>2. Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#8220;L&#242; luy&#7879;n&#8221;: M&#244; h&#236;nh S.A.P.S trong m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c cao</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Atgb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf79dc17-5ce3-48a7-889b-17e82f618933_850x638.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Atgb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf79dc17-5ce3-48a7-889b-17e82f618933_850x638.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Atgb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf79dc17-5ce3-48a7-889b-17e82f618933_850x638.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Atgb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf79dc17-5ce3-48a7-889b-17e82f618933_850x638.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Atgb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf79dc17-5ce3-48a7-889b-17e82f618933_850x638.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Atgb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf79dc17-5ce3-48a7-889b-17e82f618933_850x638.png" width="850" height="638" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/df79dc17-5ce3-48a7-889b-17e82f618933_850x638.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:638,&quot;width&quot;:850,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Atgb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf79dc17-5ce3-48a7-889b-17e82f618933_850x638.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Atgb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf79dc17-5ce3-48a7-889b-17e82f618933_850x638.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Atgb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf79dc17-5ce3-48a7-889b-17e82f618933_850x638.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Atgb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf79dc17-5ce3-48a7-889b-17e82f618933_850x638.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#7875; bi&#7871;n m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ph&#7893; th&#244;ng th&#224;nh Super Fan, m&#7897;t &#8220;L&#242; luy&#7879;n&#8221; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ch&#7881; c&#243; s&#7921; h&#224;nh x&#225;c &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n; n&#243; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;u tr&#250;c m&#7897;t c&#225;ch khoa h&#7885;c d&#7921;a tr&#234;n Framework S.A.P.S (Status, Access, Power, Stuff). Tuy nhi&#234;n, trong chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c n&#224;y, c&#225;c ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c <strong>m&#7903; kh&#243;a th&#244;ng qua s&#7921; kh&#7893; luy&#7879;n v&#224; ch&#7913;ng minh n&#259;ng l&#7921;c</strong>.</p>
      <p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[F2P vs. Premium - Phương tiện cũng là Thông điệp]]></title><description><![CDATA[Nh&#236;n l&#7841;i c&#225;ch m&#224; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c kinh t&#7871; &#273;&#227; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n gi&#7843;i tr&#237; kh&#225;c nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o.]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/f2p-vs-premium-phuong-tien-cung-la</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/f2p-vs-premium-phuong-tien-cung-la</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 17 Apr 2026 04:30:28 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ZYQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c4d5f2-ae7c-4994-9d89-482a350bfc46_1165x654.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ZYQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c4d5f2-ae7c-4994-9d89-482a350bfc46_1165x654.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ZYQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c4d5f2-ae7c-4994-9d89-482a350bfc46_1165x654.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ZYQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c4d5f2-ae7c-4994-9d89-482a350bfc46_1165x654.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ZYQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c4d5f2-ae7c-4994-9d89-482a350bfc46_1165x654.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ZYQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c4d5f2-ae7c-4994-9d89-482a350bfc46_1165x654.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ZYQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c4d5f2-ae7c-4994-9d89-482a350bfc46_1165x654.jpeg" width="1165" height="654" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/00c4d5f2-ae7c-4994-9d89-482a350bfc46_1165x654.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:654,&quot;width&quot;:1165,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of text that says '2 E22 &#4772; Q &#1783; &#20154; y/s PREMIUM &#4632;'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of text that says '2 E22 &#4772; Q &#1783; &#20154; y/s PREMIUM &#4632;'" title="May be an image of text that says '2 E22 &#4772; Q &#1783; &#20154; y/s PREMIUM &#4632;'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ZYQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c4d5f2-ae7c-4994-9d89-482a350bfc46_1165x654.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ZYQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c4d5f2-ae7c-4994-9d89-482a350bfc46_1165x654.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ZYQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c4d5f2-ae7c-4994-9d89-482a350bfc46_1165x654.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5ZYQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c4d5f2-ae7c-4994-9d89-482a350bfc46_1165x654.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a ng&#224;nh c&#244;ng nghi&#7879;p game, h&#236;nh th&#7913;c th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i h&#243;a kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224; c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; thu ti&#7873;n. B&#7843;n th&#226;n ph&#432;&#417;ng th&#7913;c ki&#7871;m ti&#7873;n ch&#237;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t &#8220;b&#7897; khung&#8221; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c, tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh c&#225;ch m&#7897;t game &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; v&#224; chi ph&#7889;i th&#225;i &#273;&#7897; c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7841;o ra n&#243;. &#272;&#7875; hi&#7875;u r&#245; s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a hai m&#244; h&#236;nh ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t hi&#7879;n nay l&#224; Free-to-Play (ch&#417;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;) v&#224; Premium (mua &#273;&#7913;t), ch&#250;ng ta c&#7847;n nh&#236;n l&#7841;i c&#225;ch m&#224; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c kinh t&#7871; &#273;&#227; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n gi&#7843;i tr&#237; kh&#225;c nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.ludo.school/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Theo d&#245;i Ludo School &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t nh&#7919;ng n&#7897;i dung s&#226;u s&#7855;c v&#7873; game.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>Phim truy&#7873;n h&#236;nh</strong></h2><p>&#272;&#7875; th&#7845;y r&#245; s&#7921; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a y&#7871;u t&#7889; th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i l&#234;n m&#7897;t t&#225;c ph&#7849;m gi&#7843;i tr&#237;, h&#227;y nh&#236;n v&#224;o m&#244; h&#236;nh phim truy&#7873;n h&#236;nh (&#7903; n&#432;&#7899;c ngo&#224;i l&#7851;n &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam). L&#7845;y v&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; c&#225;c b&#7897; phim truy&#7873;n h&#236;nh d&#224;i t&#7853;p chi&#7871;u tr&#234;n c&#225;c &#273;&#224;i truy&#7873;n h&#236;nh &#273;&#7883;a ph&#432;&#417;ng ho&#7863;c &#273;&#224;i qu&#7889;c gia v&#224;o gi&#7901; v&#224;ng. Kh&#225;n gi&#7843; ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7875; xem, chi ph&#237; s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chi tr&#7843; b&#7903;i c&#225;c nh&#227;n h&#224;ng mua th&#7901;i l&#432;&#7907;ng qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o.</p><p>Khung kinh t&#7871; n&#224;y bu&#7897;c c&#225;c &#273;&#7841;o di&#7877;n v&#224; bi&#234;n k&#7883;ch ph&#7843;i thay &#273;&#7893;i ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#7845;u tr&#250;c t&#7921; s&#7921;. V&#236; &#273;&#224;i truy&#7873;n h&#236;nh ki&#7871;m ti&#7873;n b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch b&#225;n c&#225;c kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i l&#432;&#7907;ng qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o xen gi&#7919;a b&#7897; phim, phim c&#224;ng d&#224;i t&#7853;p v&#224; thu h&#250;t, h&#7885; c&#224;ng b&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhi&#7873;u qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o. Thay v&#236; l&#224;m m&#7897;t b&#7897; phim li&#7873;n m&#7841;ch t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7871;n cu&#7889;i, k&#7883;ch b&#7843;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh to&#225;n sao cho tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7895;i l&#7847;n ngh&#7881; gi&#7843;i lao, phim ph&#7843;i xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t t&#236;nh ti&#7871;t gay c&#7845;n (cliffhanger). Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; kho&#7843;nh kh&#7855;c m&#7897;t nh&#226;n v&#7853;t s&#7855;p ti&#7871;t l&#7897; m&#7897;t b&#237; m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897;ng tr&#7901;i, ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t nh&#226;n v&#7853;t v&#7915;a g&#7863;p tai n&#7841;n b&#7845;t ng&#7901;. M&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch l&#224; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;n gi&#7843;, khi&#7871;n h&#7885; t&#242; m&#242;, h&#7891;i h&#7897;p v&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;m &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n chuy&#7875;n sang k&#234;nh kh&#225;c trong su&#7889;t v&#224;i ph&#250;t qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LNMk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25cc694b-6d07-433e-9546-8f48aaaca317_1000x582.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LNMk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25cc694b-6d07-433e-9546-8f48aaaca317_1000x582.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LNMk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25cc694b-6d07-433e-9546-8f48aaaca317_1000x582.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LNMk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25cc694b-6d07-433e-9546-8f48aaaca317_1000x582.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LNMk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25cc694b-6d07-433e-9546-8f48aaaca317_1000x582.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LNMk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25cc694b-6d07-433e-9546-8f48aaaca317_1000x582.jpeg" width="1000" height="582" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/25cc694b-6d07-433e-9546-8f48aaaca317_1000x582.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:582,&quot;width&quot;:1000,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Nh&#7919;ng b&#7897; phim truy&#7873;n h&#236;nh Vi&#7879;t Nam hay nh&#7845;t: 30 si&#234;u ph&#7849;m n&#234;n xem&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Nh&#7919;ng b&#7897; phim truy&#7873;n h&#236;nh Vi&#7879;t Nam hay nh&#7845;t: 30 si&#234;u ph&#7849;m n&#234;n xem" title="Nh&#7919;ng b&#7897; phim truy&#7873;n h&#236;nh Vi&#7879;t Nam hay nh&#7845;t: 30 si&#234;u ph&#7849;m n&#234;n xem" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LNMk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25cc694b-6d07-433e-9546-8f48aaaca317_1000x582.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LNMk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25cc694b-6d07-433e-9546-8f48aaaca317_1000x582.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LNMk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25cc694b-6d07-433e-9546-8f48aaaca317_1000x582.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LNMk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25cc694b-6d07-433e-9546-8f48aaaca317_1000x582.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, n&#7897;i dung c&#225;c t&#7853;p phim truy&#7873;n h&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i m&#244; t&#237;p ho&#7863;c c&#243; nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7897; d&#224;n tr&#7843;i. L&#7845;y v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#7919;ng b&#7897; phim ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; gia &#273;&#236;nh &#8220;gi&#7901; v&#224;ng&#8221;, m&#7897;t hi&#7875;u l&#7847;m nh&#7887; c&#243; th&#7875; k&#233;o d&#224;i qua h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c t&#7853;p phim v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng &#273;o&#7841;n h&#7891;i t&#432;&#7903;ng li&#234;n t&#7909;c. Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; n&#224;y gi&#250;p m&#7897;t kh&#225;n gi&#7843; b&#7853;n r&#7897;n th&#7881;nh tho&#7843;ng m&#7899;i ng&#243; l&#234;n m&#224;n h&#236;nh tivi, ho&#7863;c l&#7905; b&#7887; s&#243;t v&#224;i t&#7853;p phim tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;, v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7877; d&#224;ng b&#7855;t nh&#7883;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n. Vi&#7879;c l&#224;m phim truy&#7873;n h&#236;nh l&#250;c n&#224;y mang &#273;&#7853;m t&#237;nh k&#7929; thu&#7853;t v&#224; t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;n gi&#7843;.</p><p>Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, h&#227;y x&#233;t &#273;&#7871;n tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m phim &#273;i&#7879;n &#7843;nh chi&#7871;u r&#7841;p. Kh&#225;n gi&#7843; mua v&#233; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o ph&#242;ng chi&#7871;u, t&#7913;c l&#224; giao d&#7883;ch t&#224;i ch&#237;nh &#273;&#227; ho&#224;n t&#7845;t. Khi r&#7841;p t&#7855;t &#273;&#232;n, m&#7897;t b&#7897; phim &#273;i&#7879;n &#7843;nh Vi&#7879;t Nam chi&#7871;u r&#7841;p c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7841;y li&#7873;n m&#7841;ch trong su&#7889;t hai gi&#7901; &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891;. &#272;&#7841;o di&#7877;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ch&#232;n nh&#7919;ng &#273;o&#7841;n ngh&#7881; g&#432;&#7907;ng &#233;p &#273;&#7875; nh&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7895; cho qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o nh&#227;n h&#224;ng. C&#7845;u tr&#250;c kinh t&#7871; c&#7911;a ph&#242;ng v&#233; cho ph&#233;p ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#225;ng t&#7841;o t&#7853;p trung ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#224;o nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7897; k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n. M&#7885;i cao tr&#224;o, n&#250;t th&#7855;t v&#224; r&#7911;i ro c&#7911;a nh&#226;n v&#7853;t &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7921; nhi&#234;n theo &#273;&#250;ng &#253; &#273;&#7891; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t, di&#7877;n ra &#273;&#250;ng v&#224;o th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m m&#224; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#7847;n &#273;&#7871;n.</p><h2><strong>S&#7921; ti&#7871;n h&#243;a c&#7911;a ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n ch&#7913;a &#273;&#7921;ng Game</strong></h2><p>L&#7883;ch s&#7917; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a game c&#361;ng tr&#7843;i qua nh&#7919;ng s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i v&#7873; m&#7863;t c&#7845;u tr&#250;c t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; truy&#7873;n h&#236;nh.</p><p>H&#227;y quay ng&#432;&#7907;c th&#7901;i gian v&#7873; th&#7901;i k&#7923; ho&#224;ng kim c&#7911;a c&#225;c c&#7895; m&#225;y arcade (m&#225;y x&#232;ng). Ch&#7911; c&#225;c ph&#242;ng m&#225;y c&#7847;n thu h&#7891;i v&#7889;n &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; cho nh&#7919;ng thi&#7871;t b&#7883; ph&#7847;n c&#7913;ng &#273;&#7855;t &#273;&#7887; n&#224;y m&#7897;t c&#225;ch nhanh nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875;. Do &#273;&#243;, game designer ph&#7843;i thi&#7871;t k&#7871; l&#7889;i ch&#417;i sao cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i li&#234;n t&#7909;c nh&#233;t th&#234;m &#273;&#7891;ng xu m&#7899;i. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; l&#224; c&#225;c game arcade thu&#7897;c th&#7875; lo&#7841;i h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng cu&#7897;n c&#7843;nh hay b&#7855;n s&#250;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7897; r&#7845;t d&#7891;n d&#7853;p, &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; cao v&#224; &#273;&#7847;y r&#7851;y nh&#7919;ng c&#225;i b&#7851;y ho&#7863;c l&#432;&#7907;ng k&#7867; th&#249; &#225;p &#273;&#7843;o nh&#7857;m nhanh ch&#243;ng ti&#234;u di&#7879;t nh&#226;n v&#7853;t c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i. M&#7885;i chi ti&#7871;t t&#7915; l&#432;&#7907;ng m&#225;u, s&#7913;c s&#225;t th&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a qu&#225;i v&#7853;t cho &#273;&#7871;n b&#7897; &#273;&#7871;m th&#7901;i gian gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n (time limit) &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh to&#225;n chi li. Th&#7901;i gian s&#7889;ng s&#243;t trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7881; k&#233;o d&#224;i t&#7915; 90 gi&#226;y &#273;&#7871;n 3 ph&#250;t. Khi nh&#226;n v&#7853;t c&#7841;n sinh l&#7921;c, m&#7897;t m&#224;n h&#236;nh &#273;&#7871;m ng&#432;&#7907;c kh&#7893;ng l&#7891;, ch&#7899;p nh&#225;y li&#234;n t&#7909;c c&#249;ng d&#242;ng ch&#7919; &#8220;Continue? 9, 8, 7...&#8221; s&#7869; hi&#7879;n l&#234;n, &#273;&#225;nh v&#224;o t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7889;i h&#7843; v&#224; luy&#7871;n ti&#7871;c c&#244;ng s&#7913;c &#273;&#7875; &#233;p ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i ph&#7843;i nhanh tay n&#7841;p th&#234;m ti&#7873;n. R&#245; r&#224;ng, c&#7845;u tr&#250;c t&#224;i ch&#237;nh &#7903; &#273;&#226;y &#273;&#227; quy &#273;&#7883;nh tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; v&#224; nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7897; c&#7911;a game.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CP7T!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab42dae-cf35-472c-8340-1db7b19a5ede_1200x1591.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CP7T!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab42dae-cf35-472c-8340-1db7b19a5ede_1200x1591.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CP7T!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab42dae-cf35-472c-8340-1db7b19a5ede_1200x1591.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CP7T!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab42dae-cf35-472c-8340-1db7b19a5ede_1200x1591.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CP7T!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab42dae-cf35-472c-8340-1db7b19a5ede_1200x1591.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CP7T!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab42dae-cf35-472c-8340-1db7b19a5ede_1200x1591.jpeg" width="1200" height="1591" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6ab42dae-cf35-472c-8340-1db7b19a5ede_1200x1591.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1591,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Throwback photos from old video game arcades - CNET&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Throwback photos from old video game arcades - CNET" title="Throwback photos from old video game arcades - CNET" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CP7T!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab42dae-cf35-472c-8340-1db7b19a5ede_1200x1591.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CP7T!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab42dae-cf35-472c-8340-1db7b19a5ede_1200x1591.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CP7T!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab42dae-cf35-472c-8340-1db7b19a5ede_1200x1591.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CP7T!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab42dae-cf35-472c-8340-1db7b19a5ede_1200x1591.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Khi m&#225;y t&#237;nh c&#225; nh&#226;n (PC) v&#224; c&#225;c h&#7879; m&#225;y console b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u tr&#7903; n&#234;n ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n, ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i mua &#273;&#297;a game v&#224; th&#432;&#7903;ng th&#7913;c t&#7841;i nh&#224;. Ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n ch&#7913;a &#273;&#7921;ng game &#273;&#227; thay &#273;&#7893;i, mang theo s&#7921; s&#7909;p &#273;&#7893; c&#7911;a &#225;p l&#7921;c ph&#7843;i &#8220;thu ti&#7873;n m&#7895;i hai ph&#250;t&#8221;. L&#250;c n&#224;y, game designer c&#243; kho&#7843;ng tr&#7889;ng t&#7921; do &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra nh&#7919;ng th&#7875; lo&#7841;i game ho&#224;n to&#224;n m&#7899;i kh&#244;ng th&#7875; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i &#7903; ph&#242;ng m&#225;y arcade. L&#7845;y v&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; th&#7875; lo&#7841;i game m&#244; ph&#7887;ng bay (flight simulator). Trong m&#7897;t t&#7921;a game nh&#432; v&#7853;y, ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#7843;i d&#224;nh ra hai gi&#7901; &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; th&#7901;i gian th&#7921;c ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; c&#7845;t c&#225;nh, duy tr&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng bay &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh th&#244;ng qua vi&#7879;c quan s&#225;t c&#225;c thi&#7871;t b&#7883; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n h&#7841; c&#225;nh. Kh&#244;ng h&#7873; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng pha h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng ch&#225;y n&#7893; d&#7891;n d&#7853;p, v&#224; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n s&#7869; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ai &#273;&#7913;ng &#7903; ph&#242;ng m&#225;y arcade nh&#233;t h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c &#273;&#7891;ng xu ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; nh&#236;n m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c m&#225;y bay l&#432;&#7899;t ngang b&#7847;u tr&#7901;i t&#297;nh l&#7863;ng. T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;, nh&#7919;ng t&#7921;a game phi&#234;u l&#432;u b&#7857;ng v&#259;n b&#7843;n (text adventure) hay game nh&#7853;p vai &#273;&#7891; s&#7897; &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c gi&#7901; &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n, ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n nh&#226;n v&#7853;t v&#224; kh&#225;m ph&#225; th&#7871; gi&#7899;i c&#361;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u n&#7903; r&#7897;. Nh&#7919;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#243; nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7897; ch&#7853;m r&#227;i, &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i s&#7921; ki&#234;n nh&#7851;n v&#224; suy ngh&#297; s&#226;u s&#7855;c n&#224;y ch&#7881; c&#243; th&#7875; th&#224;nh h&#236;nh khi c&#7845;u tr&#250;c kinh t&#7871; thay &#273;&#7893;i, gi&#7843;i ph&#243;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m kh&#7887;i s&#7921; h&#7889;i th&#250;c c&#7911;a c&#417;m &#225;o.</p><h2><strong>M&#244; h&#236;nh Free-to-Play</strong></h2><p>B&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o k&#7927; nguy&#234;n hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; tr&#234;n n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng di &#273;&#7897;ng, m&#244; h&#236;nh Free-to-Play (F2P) v&#432;&#417;n l&#234;n m&#7841;nh m&#7869;. Gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; truy&#7873;n h&#236;nh ph&#225;t s&#243;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237;, ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i F2P kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n &#273;&#7875; t&#7843;i game. Do &#273;&#243;, thi&#7871;t k&#7871; c&#7889;t l&#245;i c&#7911;a game F2P xoay quanh hai m&#7909;c ti&#234;u ch&#237;nh: duy tr&#236; s&#7921; g&#7855;n b&#243; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i (retention) v&#224; t&#7841;o ra c&#417; h&#7897;i &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i chi ti&#234;u c&#225;c kho&#7843;n nh&#7887; (monetization).</p><p>V&#7873; m&#7863;t thi&#7871;t k&#7871;, c&#225;c game designer trong m&#244; h&#236;nh F2P th&#432;&#7901;ng &#225;p d&#7909;ng nh&#7919;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng v&#242;ng l&#7863;p (loops) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh to&#225;n k&#7929; l&#432;&#7905;ng. Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, game c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#8220;n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng&#8221; ho&#7863;c &#8220;th&#7875; l&#7921;c&#8221;, gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t ch&#417;i trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh. &#272;&#7875; v&#432;&#7907;t qua th&#7901;i gian ch&#7901; &#273;&#7907;i n&#224;y, game cung c&#7845;p c&#225;c l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n thanh to&#225;n vi m&#244;. B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n (gacha, loot box) hay c&#225;c th&#244;ng b&#225;o &#273;&#7849;y (push notifications) nh&#7855;c nh&#7903; nh&#7853;n qu&#224; &#273;i&#7875;m danh h&#224;ng ng&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o th&#243;i quen m&#7903; game th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqPT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a83002-8859-4ddb-89b8-8a239c63d102_658x400.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqPT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a83002-8859-4ddb-89b8-8a239c63d102_658x400.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqPT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a83002-8859-4ddb-89b8-8a239c63d102_658x400.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqPT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a83002-8859-4ddb-89b8-8a239c63d102_658x400.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqPT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a83002-8859-4ddb-89b8-8a239c63d102_658x400.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqPT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a83002-8859-4ddb-89b8-8a239c63d102_658x400.png" width="658" height="400" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/15a83002-8859-4ddb-89b8-8a239c63d102_658x400.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:400,&quot;width&quot;:658,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Gray Zone\&quot; Creatives, Copycats &amp; Monetization Misconceptions | Gamesforum&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Gray Zone&quot; Creatives, Copycats &amp; Monetization Misconceptions | Gamesforum" title="Gray Zone&quot; Creatives, Copycats &amp; Monetization Misconceptions | Gamesforum" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqPT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a83002-8859-4ddb-89b8-8a239c63d102_658x400.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqPT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a83002-8859-4ddb-89b8-8a239c63d102_658x400.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqPT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a83002-8859-4ddb-89b8-8a239c63d102_658x400.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JqPT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15a83002-8859-4ddb-89b8-8a239c63d102_658x400.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Th&#225;i &#273;&#7897; c&#7911;a developer trong m&#244; h&#236;nh F2P mang t&#237;nh ch&#7845;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#226;u s&#7855;c. H&#7885; nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n t&#7879;p ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#7911;a m&#236;nh th&#244;ng qua c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; nh&#432; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng h&#224;ng ng&#224;y (DAU), t&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n sau ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, v&#224; doanh thu trung b&#236;nh tr&#234;n m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng (ARPU). Kh&#225;n gi&#7843; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xem nh&#432; m&#7897;t t&#7853;p h&#7907;p ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t d&#7883;ch v&#7909; tr&#7921;c tuy&#7871;n. Developer ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh d&#7883;ch v&#7909;, li&#234;n t&#7909;c c&#226;n b&#7857;ng c&#225;c th&#244;ng s&#7889;, t&#7893; ch&#7913;c s&#7921; ki&#7879;n v&#224; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t n&#7897;i dung m&#7899;i &#273;&#7875; k&#233;o d&#224;i v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#224; t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237; sang ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#243; n&#7841;p ti&#7873;n.</p><h2><strong>M&#244; h&#236;nh Premium</strong></h2><p>Tr&#225;i ng&#432;&#7907;c v&#7899;i h&#7879; th&#7889;ng d&#7883;ch v&#7909; k&#233;o d&#224;i c&#7911;a F2P, m&#244; h&#236;nh Premium y&#234;u c&#7847;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i tr&#7843; m&#7897;t kho&#7843;n ph&#237; c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh t&#7915; ban &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7875; s&#7903; h&#7919;u to&#224;n b&#7897; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m. C&#7845;u tr&#250;c kinh t&#7871; n&#224;y &#273;&#432;a tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m game tr&#7903; l&#7841;i g&#7847;n h&#417;n v&#7899;i &#273;i&#7879;n &#7843;nh.</p><p>V&#7873; m&#7863;t thi&#7871;t k&#7871;, game Premium kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i lo l&#7855;ng v&#7873; vi&#7879;c gi&#7919; ch&#226;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i l&#226;u nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; hay t&#236;m c&#225;ch ch&#232;n c&#225;c giao d&#7883;ch vi m&#244; v&#224;o qu&#225; tr&#236;nh tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y cho ph&#233;p game designer t&#7841;o ra nh&#7919;ng t&#225;c ph&#7849;m c&#243; t&#237;nh h&#7919;u h&#7841;n, v&#7899;i m&#7903; &#273;&#7847;u, cao tr&#224;o v&#224; k&#7871;t th&#250;c r&#245; r&#224;ng. C&#225;c c&#417; ch&#7871; trong game &#273;&#432;&#7907;c sinh ra ho&#224;n to&#224;n &#273;&#7875; ph&#7909;c v&#7909; cho s&#7921; th&#250; v&#7883; c&#7911;a c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n ho&#7863;c chi&#7873;u s&#226;u c&#7911;a l&#7889;i ch&#417;i. N&#7871;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i t&#236;m th&#7845;y m&#7897;t thanh ki&#7871;m qu&#253;, &#273;&#243; l&#224; ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng cho k&#7929; n&#259;ng ho&#7863;c s&#7921; kh&#225;m ph&#225; c&#7911;a h&#7885;, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t m&#243;n &#273;&#7891; c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i m&#7903; kh&#243;a b&#7857;ng ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BTp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5311bbdd-fd52-440f-8847-10c53caff155_1200x630.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BTp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5311bbdd-fd52-440f-8847-10c53caff155_1200x630.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BTp!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5311bbdd-fd52-440f-8847-10c53caff155_1200x630.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BTp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5311bbdd-fd52-440f-8847-10c53caff155_1200x630.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BTp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5311bbdd-fd52-440f-8847-10c53caff155_1200x630.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BTp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5311bbdd-fd52-440f-8847-10c53caff155_1200x630.webp" width="1200" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5311bbdd-fd52-440f-8847-10c53caff155_1200x630.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Capcom th&#234;m m&#7897;t l&#7847;n n&#7919;a tr&#236; ho&#227;n t&#7921;a game Pragmata&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Capcom th&#234;m m&#7897;t l&#7847;n n&#7919;a tr&#236; ho&#227;n t&#7921;a game Pragmata" title="Capcom th&#234;m m&#7897;t l&#7847;n n&#7919;a tr&#236; ho&#227;n t&#7921;a game Pragmata" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BTp!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5311bbdd-fd52-440f-8847-10c53caff155_1200x630.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BTp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5311bbdd-fd52-440f-8847-10c53caff155_1200x630.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BTp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5311bbdd-fd52-440f-8847-10c53caff155_1200x630.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BTp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5311bbdd-fd52-440f-8847-10c53caff155_1200x630.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Th&#225;i &#273;&#7897; c&#7911;a developer trong m&#244; h&#236;nh Premium thay &#273;&#7893;i t&#7915; &#8220;nh&#224; cung c&#7845;p d&#7883;ch v&#7909;&#8221; sang &#8220;ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909;ng s&#7921;&#8221;. Kh&#225;n gi&#7843; l&#250;c n&#224;y l&#224; nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#227; b&#7887; ti&#7873;n tr&#432;&#7899;c d&#7921;a tr&#234;n s&#7921; tin t&#432;&#7903;ng. Developer mang tr&#234;n vai tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m ph&#7843;i cung c&#7845;p m&#7897;t tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m x&#7913;ng &#273;&#225;ng v&#7899;i s&#7889; ti&#7873;n &#273;&#243;. Th&#225;i &#273;&#7897; c&#7911;a h&#7885; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i l&#224; s&#7921; cam k&#7871;t v&#7873; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#224; s&#7921; tr&#7885;n v&#7865;n. H&#7885; t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o vi&#7879;c t&#7841;o ra nh&#7919;ng d&#7845;u &#7845;n c&#7843;m x&#250;c, nh&#7919;ng c&#417; ch&#7871; ch&#417;i &#273;&#7897;t ph&#225; ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#243; s&#7913;c n&#7863;ng, b&#7903;i v&#236; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i c&#7911;a h&#7885; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#224;o danh ti&#7871;ng, b&#224;i &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; v&#224; s&#7921; h&#224;i l&#242;ng thu&#7847;n t&#250;y c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i sau khi tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m xong to&#224;n b&#7897; t&#225;c ph&#7849;m.</p><h2>K&#7871;t lu&#7853;n</h2><p>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y kh&#244;ng nh&#7857;m &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; xem m&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;o l&#224; sai hay &#273;&#250;ng, m&#224; ch&#7881; mu&#7889;n ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng m&#7895;i m&#244; h&#236;nh th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i &#273;&#7873;u mang theo m&#7897;t l&#259;ng k&#237;nh thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ri&#234;ng, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh b&#7903;i c&#225;ch n&#243; ki&#7871;m ti&#7873;n, v&#224; t&#7915; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh hai l&#7889;i t&#432; duy l&#224;m vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7889;i l&#7853;p. Nh&#7919;ng developer l&#224;m game F2P ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng nh&#224; kinh doanh &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh m&#7897;t d&#226;y chuy&#7873;n c&#244;ng nghi&#7879;p h&#243;a, n&#417;i m&#7885;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#250;c &#273;&#7849;y b&#7903;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng d&#7883;ch v&#7909; v&#224; t&#226;m l&#253; th&#243;i quen c&#7911;a t&#7879;p kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng kh&#7893;ng l&#7891;. Trong khi &#273;&#243;, nh&#7919;ng developer l&#224;m game Premium l&#7841;i mang d&#225;ng d&#7845;p c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7907; th&#7911; c&#244;ng, t&#7881; m&#7881; &#273;&#7869;o g&#7885;t t&#7915;ng chi ti&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ph&#7909;ng s&#7921; ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh, &#273;&#7873; cao t&#237;nh li&#7873;n m&#7841;ch v&#224; s&#7921; cam k&#7871;t tr&#7885;n v&#7865;n &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i y&#234;u th&#237;ch game.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.ludo.school/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Theo d&#245;i Ludo School &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t nh&#7919;ng n&#7897;i dung s&#226;u s&#7855;c v&#7873; game.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Sức mạnh của “Khoảng lặng” trong thiết kế nhịp độ game.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t &#273;i&#7873;u ph&#7889;i c&#7843;m x&#250;c th&#244;ng qua s&#7921; t&#297;nh l&#7863;ng v&#224; nh&#7883;p ngh&#7881;.]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/suc-manh-cua-khoang-lang-trong-thiet</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/suc-manh-cua-khoang-lang-trong-thiet</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Yuh Its me]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2026 16:30:17 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNf-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f83521c-21d7-4a76-90e6-68334961e38a_1280x720.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNf-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f83521c-21d7-4a76-90e6-68334961e38a_1280x720.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNf-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f83521c-21d7-4a76-90e6-68334961e38a_1280x720.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNf-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f83521c-21d7-4a76-90e6-68334961e38a_1280x720.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNf-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f83521c-21d7-4a76-90e6-68334961e38a_1280x720.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNf-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f83521c-21d7-4a76-90e6-68334961e38a_1280x720.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNf-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f83521c-21d7-4a76-90e6-68334961e38a_1280x720.png" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1f83521c-21d7-4a76-90e6-68334961e38a_1280x720.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNf-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f83521c-21d7-4a76-90e6-68334961e38a_1280x720.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNf-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f83521c-21d7-4a76-90e6-68334961e38a_1280x720.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNf-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f83521c-21d7-4a76-90e6-68334961e38a_1280x720.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HNf-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f83521c-21d7-4a76-90e6-68334961e38a_1280x720.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; tr&#242; ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; t&#7841;o ra nh&#7919;ng th&#7917; th&#225;ch d&#7891;n d&#7853;p, m&#224; l&#224; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t s&#7855;p &#273;&#7863;t nh&#7919;ng kho&#7843;ng tr&#7889;ng &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i k&#7883;p h&#237;t th&#7903; v&#224; suy ng&#7851;m. H&#227;y c&#249;ng Ludo School kh&#225;m ph&#225; c&#225;ch &#8220;s&#7921; im l&#7863;ng&#8221; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh n&#234;n nh&#7919;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m b&#7845;t h&#7911;.</p><p>Trong l&#253; thuy&#7871;t v&#7873; Pacing (Nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7897;), sai l&#7847;m l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; nghi&#7879;p d&#432; l&#224; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng nh&#7891;i nh&#233;t h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng li&#234;n t&#7909;c. M&#7897;t bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7897; l&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7859;ng t&#7855;p h&#432;&#7899;ng l&#234;n, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng h&#236;nh sin v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7881;nh cao tr&#224;o (peaks) v&#224; nh&#7919;ng thung l&#361;ng kho&#7843;ng l&#7863;ng (valleys). N&#7871;u tr&#242; ch&#417;i l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7843;n giao h&#432;&#7903;ng, th&#236; kho&#7843;ng l&#7863;ng ch&#237;nh l&#224; nh&#7919;ng n&#7889;t ngh&#7881; (rests) &#8211; ch&#250;ng kh&#244;ng v&#244; ngh&#297;a, m&#224; l&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a n&#234;n giai &#273;i&#7879;u. M&#249;a h&#232;, v&#7899;i &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng l&#224; s&#7921; oi &#7843; gay g&#7855;t &#273;an xen nh&#7919;ng c&#417;n gi&#243; m&#225;t r&#432;&#7907;i d&#432;&#7899;i hi&#234;n nh&#224;, ch&#237;nh l&#224; &#7849;n d&#7909; ho&#224;n h&#7843;o cho c&#7845;u tr&#250;c nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u n&#224;y: b&#7841;n c&#7847;n c&#225;i n&#243;ng &#273;&#7875; tr&#226;n tr&#7885;ng b&#243;ng r&#226;m.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.ludo.school/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; theo d&#245;i Ludo School &#273;&#7875; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng n&#7897;i dung phong ph&#250; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#233;!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h4>1. &#8220;Kho&#7843;ng l&#7863;ng&#8221; &#8211; Ch&#7845;t x&#250;c t&#225;c cho s&#7921; &#273;&#7891;ng c&#7843;m v&#224; x&#7917; l&#253; nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c</h4><p>Kho&#7843;ng l&#7863;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224; s&#7921; thi&#7871;u v&#7855;ng &#226;m thanh hay h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng; n&#243; l&#224; &#8220;kh&#244;ng gian nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c&#8221; (cognitive space) &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i x&#7917; l&#253; c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n v&#7915;a ti&#7871;p nh&#7853;n v&#224; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i s&#7907;i d&#226;y c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#7899;i nh&#226;n v&#7853;t. Khi ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i b&#7883; cu&#7889;n v&#224;o v&#242;ng l&#7863;p h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng (Action Loop) qu&#225; d&#224;y &#273;&#7863;c, b&#7897; n&#227;o s&#7869; r&#417;i v&#224;o tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i b&#227;o h&#242;a, khi&#7871;n c&#225;c t&#236;nh ti&#7871;t quan tr&#7885;ng sau &#273;&#243; d&#7877; d&#224;ng b&#7883; tr&#244;i tu&#7897;t &#273;i.</p><p>Trong The Last of Us Part II, sau nh&#7919;ng tr&#7853;n chi&#7871;n ngh&#7865;t th&#7903; v&#224; t&#224;n kh&#7889;c v&#7899;i phe Scars hay WLF, Naughty Dog lu&#244;n c&#224;i c&#7855;m nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n &#273;o&#7841;n &#8220;ch&#7853;m&#8221; c&#243; ch&#7911; &#273;&#237;ch. &#272;i&#7875;n h&#236;nh l&#224; kho&#7843;nh kh&#7855;c Ellie t&#236;m th&#7845;y m&#7897;t c&#226;y &#273;&#224;n guitar trong th&#432; vi&#7879;n b&#7887; hoang. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; k&#7867; th&#249;, kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#7901;i gian, kh&#244;ng c&#243; thanh m&#225;u ch&#7899;p &#273;&#7887;. Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n Ellie g&#7843;y t&#7915;ng d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n qua trackpad. &#8220;Kho&#7843;ng l&#7863;ng&#8221; n&#224;y cho ph&#233;p ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; m&#7879;t m&#7887;i, n&#7895;i &#273;au &#226;m &#7881; v&#224; t&#237;nh nh&#226;n b&#7843;n c&#242;n s&#243;t l&#7841;i c&#7911;a nh&#226;n v&#7853;t sau nh&#7919;ng m&#224;n ch&#233;m gi&#7871;t. N&#243; &#273;&#7863;t ra m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i l&#7863;ng l&#7869;: &#8220;Ch&#250;ng ta &#273;ang chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u v&#236; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;?&#8221;. N&#7871;u thi&#7871;u &#273;i nh&#7919;ng ph&#250;t gi&#226;y n&#224;y, b&#7841;o l&#7921;c trong game s&#7869; tr&#7903; n&#234;n v&#244; c&#7843;m v&#224; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng &#8220;Ludonarrative Dissonance&#8221; (m&#226;u thu&#7851;n gi&#7919;a l&#7889;i ch&#417;i v&#224; c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n), khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i ki&#7879;t s&#7913;c (player fatigue) c&#7843; v&#7873; thao t&#225;c l&#7851;n t&#226;m l&#253;.</p><h4>2. K&#7929; thu&#7853;t &#8220;Ma&#8221; v&#224; nh&#7883;p sinh ho&#7841;t trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#193; &#272;&#244;ng</h4><p>Hidetaka Miyazaki (FromSoftware) hay c&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; b&#7853;c th&#7847;y t&#7841;i Nintendo th&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m &#8220;Ma&#8221; (&#38291;) trong th&#7849;m m&#7929; Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n &#8211; hi&#7875;u n&#244;m na l&#224; kho&#7843;ng tr&#7889;ng gi&#7919;a c&#225;c s&#7921; v&#7853;t, hay s&#7921; im l&#7863;ng gi&#7919;a c&#225;c n&#7889;t nh&#7841;c mang l&#7841;i &#253; ngh&#297;a cho t&#7893;ng th&#7875;. Trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game, &#8220;Ma&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra s&#7921; t&#432;&#417;ng ph&#7843;n c&#7921;c h&#7841;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xu-D!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada043-0423-4fa5-9917-8eb26a24dcb1_1200x675.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xu-D!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada043-0423-4fa5-9917-8eb26a24dcb1_1200x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xu-D!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada043-0423-4fa5-9917-8eb26a24dcb1_1200x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xu-D!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada043-0423-4fa5-9917-8eb26a24dcb1_1200x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xu-D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada043-0423-4fa5-9917-8eb26a24dcb1_1200x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xu-D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada043-0423-4fa5-9917-8eb26a24dcb1_1200x675.png" width="1200" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/33ada043-0423-4fa5-9917-8eb26a24dcb1_1200x675.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:675,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xu-D!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada043-0423-4fa5-9917-8eb26a24dcb1_1200x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xu-D!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada043-0423-4fa5-9917-8eb26a24dcb1_1200x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xu-D!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada043-0423-4fa5-9917-8eb26a24dcb1_1200x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xu-D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33ada043-0423-4fa5-9917-8eb26a24dcb1_1200x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>H&#227;y nh&#236;n v&#224;o c&#225;ch Persona 5 v&#7853;n h&#224;nh c&#7845;u tr&#250;c th&#7901;i gian. Gi&#7919;a nh&#7919;ng cu&#7897;c th&#226;m nh&#7853;p l&#226;u &#273;&#224;i (Palace) &#273;&#7847;y k&#7883;ch t&#237;nh v&#7899;i &#226;m nh&#7841;c Acid Jazz s&#244;i &#273;&#7897;ng, game lu&#244;n tr&#7843; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i v&#7873; v&#7899;i cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#7853;t c&#7911;a m&#7897;t h&#7885;c sinh t&#7841;i Tokyo. Nh&#7919;ng bu&#7893;i chi&#7873;u m&#249;a h&#232; &#273;i h&#7885;c v&#7873;, ti&#7871;ng ve k&#234;u r&#226;m ran &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng, vi&#7879;c ng&#7891;i trong qu&#225;n c&#224; ph&#234; Leblanc nghe nh&#7841;c lofi, pha m&#7897;t t&#225;ch c&#224; ph&#234; hay &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; ng&#7855;m nh&#236;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#7889; d&#432;&#7899;i c&#417;n m&#432;a b&#243;ng m&#226;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; nh&#7919;ng kho&#7843;ng &#8220;Ma&#8221; &#273;&#7855;t gi&#225;. N&#243; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t nh&#7883;p sinh ho&#7841;t (Routine) &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh, &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; nh&#432; m&#7897;t m&#7887; neo t&#226;m l&#253;. Ch&#237;nh s&#7921; b&#236;nh y&#234;n, &#273;&#244;i khi l&#224; nh&#224;m ch&#225;n c&#7911;a cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng m&#249;a h&#232; l&#7841;i l&#224;m n&#7893;i b&#7853;t l&#234;n s&#7921; n&#7893;i lo&#7841;n, r&#7921;c r&#7905; v&#224; nguy hi&#7875;m c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng &#8220;K&#7867; tr&#7897;m t&#226;m h&#7891;n&#8221; (Phantom Thieves). Kh&#244;ng c&#243; nh&#7919;ng ng&#224;y h&#232; l&#7863;ng l&#7869; &#7903; Yongen-Jaya, nh&#7919;ng tr&#7853;n chi&#7871;n trong th&#7871; gi&#7899;i nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c s&#7869; m&#7845;t &#273;i 50% s&#7913;c n&#7863;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p><h4>3. H&#7879; qu&#7843; c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c thi&#7871;u &#8220;Kho&#7843;ng l&#7863;ng&#8221;: S&#7921; chai s&#7841;n c&#7843;m x&#250;c</h4><p>Khi m&#7897;t nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; lo s&#7907; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i s&#7869; r&#7901;i b&#7887; game n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#243; n&#7893; tung hay b&#7855;n gi&#7871;t m&#7895;i 30 gi&#226;y, h&#7885; &#273;ang t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#8220;ph&#7859;ng&#8221;. Theo t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c h&#224;nh vi, s&#7921; h&#432;ng ph&#7845;n (Arousal) kh&#244;ng th&#7875; duy tr&#236; &#7903; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7881;nh m&#227;i m&#227;i. N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#243; nh&#7919;ng thung l&#361;ng kho&#7843;ng l&#7863;ng, ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i s&#7869; b&#7883; chai s&#7841;n (desensitized). Nh&#7919;ng n&#7895; l&#7921;c t&#7841;o k&#7883;ch t&#237;nh sau &#273;&#243; s&#7869; &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; cao h&#417;n, d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t v&#242;ng xo&#225;y l&#7841;m ph&#225;t h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i ngh&#232;o n&#224;n v&#7873; chi&#7873;u s&#226;u. Kho&#7843;ng l&#7863;ng gi&#250;p t&#225;i t&#7841;o kh&#7843; n&#259;ng c&#7843;m th&#7909;, khi&#7871;n &#8220;ti&#7871;ng n&#7893;&#8221; ti&#7871;p theo th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#243; s&#7913;c c&#244;ng ph&#225; trong t&#226;m tr&#237; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i.</p><h3>4. &#7912;ng d&#7909;ng: Khi n&#224;o nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; c&#7847;n im l&#7863;ng?</h3><p>Sau m&#7897;t tr&#7853;n Boss ho&#7863;c cao tr&#224;o: &#272;&#226;y l&#224; l&#250;c &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i t&#7853;n h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7843;m gi&#225;c chi&#7871;n th&#7855;ng (Fiero), thu d&#7885;n chi&#7871;n l&#7907;i ph&#7849;m v&#224; h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c tinh th&#7847;n.</p><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c ngo&#7863;t l&#7899;n: S&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7921; im l&#7863;ng &#273;&#225;ng ng&#7901; &#273;&#7875; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng s&#7921; c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng (Tension building). Khi m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7895;ng d&#432;ng l&#7863;ng ng&#7855;t, ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i s&#7869; t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7873; cao c&#7843;nh gi&#225;c, t&#7841;o ra hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng t&#226;m l&#253; m&#7841;nh m&#7869; h&#417;n b&#7845;t k&#7923; lo&#7841;i &#226;m nh&#7841;c h&#249; d&#7885;a n&#224;o.</p><p>Trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh kh&#225;m ph&#225;: &#272;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i t&#7921; do chi&#234;m ng&#432;&#7905;ng th&#7871; gi&#7899;i quan (World-building). &#272;&#244;i khi, ch&#7881; c&#7847;n m&#7897;t l&#224;n gi&#243; th&#7893;i qua t&#225;n l&#225; v&#224; ti&#7871;ng n&#432;&#7899;c ch&#7843;y l&#224; &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i y&#234;u l&#7845;y th&#7871; gi&#7899;i m&#224; b&#7841;n t&#7841;o ra.</p><p>Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game gi&#7887;i l&#224; bi&#7871;t khi n&#224;o n&#234;n t&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i v&#361; kh&#237; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i v&#224; trao cho h&#7885; m&#7897;t khung c&#7843;nh &#273;&#7865;p &#273;&#7875; nh&#236;n ng&#7855;m, bi&#7871;n h&#7885; t&#7915; m&#7897;t &#8220;c&#7895; m&#225;y th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n nhi&#7879;m v&#7909;&#8221; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t &#8220;con ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m&#8221;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Hay không ấy mình đi học Cảm thụ Mỹ thuật?]]></title><description><![CDATA[L&#7899;p h&#7885;c C&#7843;m th&#7909; & L&#253; lu&#7853;n M&#7929; thu&#7853;t H&#7897;i h&#7885;a k&#233;o d&#224;i 8 tu&#7847;n, khai gi&#7843;ng 26/3/2026]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/hay-khong-ay-minh-i-hoc-cam-thu-my</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/hay-khong-ay-minh-i-hoc-cam-thu-my</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2026 10:14:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9vQA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fe62f1-4079-4ee5-bc35-bad3cbfce405_6000x3375.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9vQA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fe62f1-4079-4ee5-bc35-bad3cbfce405_6000x3375.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9vQA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fe62f1-4079-4ee5-bc35-bad3cbfce405_6000x3375.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9vQA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fe62f1-4079-4ee5-bc35-bad3cbfce405_6000x3375.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9vQA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fe62f1-4079-4ee5-bc35-bad3cbfce405_6000x3375.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9vQA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fe62f1-4079-4ee5-bc35-bad3cbfce405_6000x3375.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9vQA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fe62f1-4079-4ee5-bc35-bad3cbfce405_6000x3375.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/25fe62f1-4079-4ee5-bc35-bad3cbfce405_6000x3375.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1095806,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.ludo.school/i/191566048?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fe62f1-4079-4ee5-bc35-bad3cbfce405_6000x3375.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9vQA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fe62f1-4079-4ee5-bc35-bad3cbfce405_6000x3375.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9vQA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fe62f1-4079-4ee5-bc35-bad3cbfce405_6000x3375.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9vQA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fe62f1-4079-4ee5-bc35-bad3cbfce405_6000x3375.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9vQA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25fe62f1-4079-4ee5-bc35-bad3cbfce405_6000x3375.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>M&#7863;c d&#249; &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng ch&#237;nh m&#224; <strong>Ludo School </strong>h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#7871;n, &#273;a s&#7889; &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7921;c h&#224;nh (practitioners). Nh&#432;ng hai tr&#7909; c&#7897;t l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t trong t&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a Ludo School l&#7841;i l&#224; C&#7843;m th&#7909; &amp; L&#253; lu&#7853;n, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; K&#7929; thu&#7853;t. &#272;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; v&#236; H&#249;ng th&#7845;y ch&#250;ng l&#224; th&#7913; m&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7921;c h&#224;nh ch&#250;ng ta c&#242;n thi&#7871;u, v&#224; ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t c&#7847;n trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai g&#7847;n.</p><p>V&#236; v&#7853;y m&#224; th&#7901;i gian t&#7899;i, H&#249;ng &#7845;p &#7911; s&#7869; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t chu&#7895;i c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m C&#7843;m th&#7909; &amp; L&#253; lu&#7853;n, bao tr&#249;m m&#7897;t ph&#7893; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i r&#7897;ng c&#225;c lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t t&#7915; c&#7893; truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7871;n hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i. Nh&#7845;t l&#224; trong c&#225;i th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i AI n&#224;y, nh&#432; th&#7847;y m&#236;nh c&#243; d&#7841;y, ch&#250;ng ta c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i back to basics.</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; ch&#7913;ng ki&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng &#8220;th&#224;nh qu&#7843;&#8221; m&#224; DLSS5 &#273;&#227; t&#7841;o ra m&#7845;y ng&#224;y v&#7915;a r&#7891;i, th&#236; h&#7859;n b&#7841;n s&#7869; nh&#7853;n ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng n&#243; quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n k&#7929; thu&#7853;t t&#226;n ti&#7871;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n.</p><p>V&#7853;y n&#234;n n&#7871;u basics quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#432; v&#7853;y, th&#236; chi b&#7857;ng ch&#250;ng ta quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i v&#7899;i m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng b&#7897; m&#244;n m&#224; &#273;&#227; &#8220;kh&#7903;i x&#432;&#7899;ng cho t&#7845;t c&#7843;&#8221;, &#273;&#243; l&#224; M&#7929; thu&#7853;t. V&#224; th&#7853;t vui l&#224; l&#7847;n n&#224;y, H&#249;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7891;ng h&#224;nh v&#7899;i l&#7899;p C&#7843;m th&#7909; M&#7929; thu&#7853;t c&#7911;a <strong><a href="https://www.facebook.com/lophochongxiem?__cft__[0]=AZaosa9OdrtFlGC6j13nJJfPhgTnILxBQXfoBXtxTft89WL6Egj2tTTUii3kMR6OKrUuam7BVaSk-1oUJiFO9L6C7x1ndQoNrrc1coHrlAHwK0plMwu1Fytp9aNPkPlq_IvHFzrP6v9sskb3zN7hRDBrDQsOo2JQXUHnLzraAiY1OfvPjYNVj5zABHXBeC2tRRQ&amp;__tn__=-]K-R">L&#7899;p h&#7885;c H&#7891;ng Xi&#234;m</a></strong>.</p><p>Kh&#243;a h&#7885;c cung c&#7845;p m&#7897;t b&#7897; c&#244;ng c&#7909; t&#432; duy &#8220;th&#7921;c chi&#7871;n&#8221; th&#244;ng qua hai d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y song song:</p><ul><li><p>D&#242;ng Th&#7883; gi&#225;c: H&#7885;c &#8220;c&#225;ch nh&#236;n&#8221; qua b&#7889; c&#7909;c, nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u, s&#7855;c &#273;&#7897; v&#224; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng tr&#7921;c gi&#225;c c&#7911;a m&#7855;t.</p></li><li><p>D&#242;ng L&#7883;ch s&#7917; - V&#259;n h&#243;a: H&#7885;c &#8220;c&#225;ch hi&#7875;u&#8221; b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i, tri&#7871;t l&#253; v&#224; h&#7879; h&#236;nh th&#7849;m m&#7929; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;i m&#227; &#253; ngh&#297;a t&#225;c ph&#7849;m.</p></li></ul><h1>Kh&#243;a h&#7885;c n&#224;y c&#243; g&#236;?</h1><ul><li><p>Ng&#244;n ng&#7919; th&#7883; gi&#225;c: Hi&#7875;u s&#226;u v&#7873; c&#225;c h&#7879; th&#7889;ng b&#7889; c&#7909;c (&#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh, &#273;&#7897;ng, ph&#225; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c) v&#224; c&#225;ch d&#7851;n d&#7855;t &#273;i&#7875;m nh&#236;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#432;&#7899;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ng&#432;&#7901;i xem.</p></li><li><p>&#7912;ng d&#7909;ng quy lu&#7853;t Gestalt (g&#7847;n/xa, t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7891;ng/kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t) &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m visual c&#243; t&#237;nh k&#237;ch th&#237;ch v&#224; d&#7877; &#273;&#7885;c.</p></li><li><p>N&#7855;m b&#7855;t s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i quan ni&#7879;m v&#7873; c&#225;i &#273;&#7865;p qua c&#225;c th&#7901;i k&#7923; (t&#7915; l&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng h&#243;a Hy L&#7841;p &#273;&#7871;n t&#237;nh bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng Ai C&#7853;p) &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra concept c&#243; chi&#7873;u s&#226;u b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh.</p></li><li><p>H&#7885;c c&#225;ch ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n &#8220;v&#249;ng x&#225;m&#8221; v&#224; s&#7921; &#8220;kh&#243; ch&#7883;u&#8221; khi ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n c&#225;i m&#7899;i, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; bi&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; th&#244;, l&#7879;ch, x&#7845;u th&#224;nh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c s&#225;ng t&#7841;o kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t.</p></li><li><p>L&#224;m quen v&#7899;i c&#225;c tr&#7909;c t&#432; duy l&#7899;n nh&#432; Formalism, Conceptual hay Postmodern &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i t&#7889;t h&#417;n cho ch&#237;nh s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p></li></ul><p>V&#224; v&#7899;i H&#249;ng, gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7889;t l&#245;i c&#7911;a kh&#243;a h&#7885;c kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; nh&#7919;ng k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n &#273;&#243;ng khung, m&#224; &#7903; vi&#7879;c gi&#250;p b&#7841;n &#273;&#7863;t ra nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i t&#7889;t h&#417;n cho ch&#237;nh s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. T&#7841;i sao t&#225;c ph&#7849;m n&#224;y c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883;? Ai quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243;? N&#243; &#273;ang can thi&#7879;p v&#224;o x&#227; h&#7897;i hay bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7841;t n&#7897;i t&#226;m?</p><p>H&#7865;n g&#7863;p b&#7841;n t&#7841;i l&#7899;p h&#7885;c C&#7843;m th&#7909; M&#7929; thu&#7853;t.</p><h3>N&#7897;i dung c&#225;c bu&#7893;i h&#7885;c</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7WNf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9ac1b9c-6319-4bea-bbf4-74faf256c38e_6000x3375.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7WNf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9ac1b9c-6319-4bea-bbf4-74faf256c38e_6000x3375.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7WNf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9ac1b9c-6319-4bea-bbf4-74faf256c38e_6000x3375.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7WNf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9ac1b9c-6319-4bea-bbf4-74faf256c38e_6000x3375.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7WNf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9ac1b9c-6319-4bea-bbf4-74faf256c38e_6000x3375.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7WNf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9ac1b9c-6319-4bea-bbf4-74faf256c38e_6000x3375.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h1>Th&#244;ng tin l&#7899;p h&#7885;c</h1><p>&#120278;&#120302;&#777;&#120314; &#120321;&#120309;&#120322;&#803; &#120288;&#120326;&#771; &#120321;&#120309;&#120322;&#120302;&#803;&#770;&#120321; - ONLINE</p><p><strong>Khai gi&#7843;ng</strong>: 26/3/2026</p><p><strong>Th&#7901;i gian</strong>: 19:30 - 22:30 t&#7889;i TH&#7912; N&#258;M (gi&#7901; Vi&#7879;t Nam) h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n</p><p><strong>Th&#7901;i l&#432;&#7907;ng</strong>: 8 bu&#7893;i x 03 ti&#7871;ng</p><p><strong>H&#7884;C PH&#205;</strong>: 3.000.000 VN&#272; / KHO&#193; 08 BU&#7892;I X 3 TI&#7870;NG</p><p><strong>&#431;u &#273;&#227;i</strong>: <strong>&#431;u &#273;&#227;i &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t d&#224;nh cho h&#7885;c vi&#234;n c&#7911;a Ludo School: gi&#7843;m 10% khi show m&#227; </strong><code>LUDO10</code></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://forms.gle/TK9QMb7XK1xXcThKA&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://forms.gle/TK9QMb7XK1xXcThKA"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c</span></a></p><h3>V&#7873; gi&#7843;ng vi&#234;n</h3><p><strong>H&#7885;a s&#297; Ho&#224;ng Hu&#7879; Ph&#432;&#417;ng</strong>, founder c&#7911;a L&#7899;p h&#7885;c H&#7891;ng Xi&#234;m t&#7915; 2016. T&#7889;t nghi&#7879;p c&#7917; nh&#226;n Lu&#7853;t Th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i Qu&#7889;c t&#7871;, &#273;&#7841;i h&#7885;c Ngo&#7841;i Th&#432;&#417;ng; T&#7889;t nghi&#7879;p th&#7911; khoa chuy&#234;n ng&#224;nh S&#417;n d&#7847;u &#272;&#7841;i h&#7885;c M&#7929; thu&#7853;t Vi&#7879;t Nam.</p><p>Hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i c&#244; l&#224; ho&#7841; s&#297; chuy&#234;n nghi&#7879;p, th&#7921;c h&#224;nh ch&#7911; y&#7871;u t&#7841;i H&#224; N&#7897;i v&#224; New Orleans. Tham gia nhi&#7873;u tri&#7875;n l&#227;m t&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam v&#224; qu&#7889;c t&#7871;. &#272;&#432;&#7907;c vinh danh t&#7841;i Hanoi Grapevine Finest Artist n&#259;m 2024.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Chúc mừng năm mới 2026 từ Ludo School]]></title><description><![CDATA[Khai m&#7903; m&#224;n ch&#417;i ti&#7871;p theo]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/chuc-mung-nam-moi-2026-tu-ludo-school</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/chuc-mung-nam-moi-2026-tu-ludo-school</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2026 00:00:26 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sYQd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a366af0-0743-4146-ba7a-2b01a075fec7_940x788.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 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N&#243; gi&#7889;ng h&#7879;t kho&#7843;nh kh&#7855;c m&#224;n h&#236;nh &#273;en v&#7909;t s&#225;ng sau khi ch&#250;ng ta nh&#7845;n n&#250;t <strong>&#8220;New Game&#8221;</strong>.</p><p>M&#7885;i ch&#7881; s&#7889; m&#7879;t m&#7887;i c&#7911;a n&#259;m c&#361; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c reset. B&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; ph&#237;a tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7903; ra v&#7899;i &#273;&#7847;y &#7855;p nh&#7919;ng &#8220;nhi&#7879;m v&#7909;&#8221; (quests) m&#7899;i v&#224; nh&#7919;ng v&#249;ng &#273;&#7845;t ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#225;m ph&#225;.</p><p>N&#259;m nay c&#224;ng &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t h&#417;n v&#7899;i ch&#250;ng t&#244;i, v&#236; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;i T&#7871;t &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i t&#234;n g&#7885;i <strong>Ludo School</strong>.</p><p>Trong ti&#7871;ng Latin, <em>&#8220;Ludo&#8221;</em> c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; <em>&#8220;T&#244;i ch&#417;i&#8221;</em>. B&#432;&#7899;c sang n&#259;m m&#7899;i, Ludo School kh&#244;ng ch&#250;c b&#7841;n &#8220;th&#7855;ng&#8221; m&#7885;i v&#225;n c&#7901;, b&#7903;i trong game c&#361;ng nh&#432; cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i, th&#7845;t b&#7841;i l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n t&#7845;t y&#7871;u c&#7911;a qu&#225; tr&#236;nh h&#7885;c h&#7887;i (game loop).</p><p>Thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, ch&#250;ng t&#244;i ch&#250;c b&#7841;n b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o n&#259;m m&#7899;i v&#7899;i t&#226;m th&#7871; c&#7911;a m&#7897;t <strong>ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng (Active Player)</strong>:</p><ul><li><p>&#272;&#7911; <strong>tr&#237; tu&#7879;</strong> (Wisdom) &#273;&#7875; th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u lu&#7853;t ch&#417;i c&#7911;a th&#7871; gi&#7899;i quanh m&#236;nh.</p></li><li><p>&#272;&#7911; <strong>b&#7873;n b&#7881;</strong> (Stamina) &#273;&#7875; v&#432;&#7907;t qua nh&#7919;ng giai &#273;o&#7841;n &#8220;grind&#8221; &#273;&#7847;y th&#7917; th&#225;ch.</p></li><li><p>V&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t, gi&#7919; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ng&#7885;n l&#7917;a <strong>&#273;am m&#234;</strong> &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m th&#7845;y ni&#7873;m vui (fun) ngay c&#7843; trong nh&#7919;ng c&#417; ch&#7871; kh&#243; nh&#7857;n nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c v&#224; cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng.</p></li></ul><p>Ludo School cam k&#7871;t s&#7869; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c &#273;&#7891;ng h&#224;nh c&#249;ng b&#7841;n trong n&#259;m nay, &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; v&#7915;a l&#224; m&#7897;t &#8220;th&#432; vi&#7879;n&#8221; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c, v&#7915;a l&#224; m&#7897;t &#8220;v&#432;&#7901;n &#432;&#417;m&#8221; &#273;&#7875; c&#249;ng nhau gieo tr&#7891;ng nh&#7919;ng &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c m&#7899;i m&#7867; cho h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i Vi&#7879;t Nam.</p><p>C&#7843;m &#417;n b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; ch&#7885;n Ludo School l&#224;m b&#7841;n &#273;&#7891;ng h&#224;nh (party member) trong h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh n&#224;y.</p><p><strong>Ch&#250;c b&#7841;n m&#7897;t n&#259;m m&#7899;i ch&#417;i th&#7853;t say m&#234; v&#224; s&#7889;ng th&#7853;t r&#7921;c r&#7905;.</strong></p><p><strong>H&#249;ng &amp; &#272;&#7897;i ng&#361; Ludo School</strong></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Mời bạn gia nhập cộng đồng dành cho Premium Game Developers]]></title><description><![CDATA[C&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a Vi&#7879;t Nam d&#224;nh cho c&#225;c nh&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n game Premium]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/moi-ban-gia-nhap-cong-ong-danh-cho</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/moi-ban-gia-nhap-cong-ong-danh-cho</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 16 Feb 2026 08:49:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rmP2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3489bc5b-edd5-44b5-8ad4-2b5d20db1238_1010x588.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rmP2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3489bc5b-edd5-44b5-8ad4-2b5d20db1238_1010x588.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rmP2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3489bc5b-edd5-44b5-8ad4-2b5d20db1238_1010x588.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rmP2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3489bc5b-edd5-44b5-8ad4-2b5d20db1238_1010x588.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ch&#224;o b&#7841;n,<br><br>Ti&#7871;p n&#7889;i tinh th&#7847;n c&#7911;a Ludo School v&#7873; vi&#7879;c n&#226;ng cao gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t trong game, t&#244;i th&#226;n m&#7901;i b&#7841;n tham gia group c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng m&#7899;i nh&#7845;t do ch&#250;ng t&#244;i th&#224;nh l&#7853;p: <strong>Vietnam Premium Game Developers</strong>.<br><br>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; n&#417;i quy t&#7909; c&#225;c nh&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n game theo &#273;u&#7893;i m&#244; h&#236;nh Premium &#8211; tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n m&#7897;t l&#7847;n cho tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m tr&#7885;n v&#7865;n.<br><br>&#272;i&#7873;u g&#236; l&#224;m group n&#224;y kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t?</p><ul><li><p><strong>Chuy&#234;n m&#244;n h&#243;a</strong>: T&#7853;p trung 100% v&#224;o game Premium, kh&#244;ng l&#7851;n t&#7841;p c&#225;c m&#244; h&#236;nh kh&#225;c.</p></li><li><p><strong>V&#259;n h&#243;a v&#259;n minh</strong>: Cam k&#7871;t l&#224; m&#7897;t &#8220;Safe Space&#8221;, lo&#7841;i b&#7887; ho&#224;n to&#224;n h&#224;nh vi b&#7855;t n&#7841;t v&#224; g&#226;y h&#7845;n th&#7909; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n y&#234;n t&#226;m chia s&#7867; d&#7921; &#225;n.</p></li></ul><p>Tham gia c&#249;ng ch&#250;ng t&#244;i ngay t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y, v&#224; c&#7843;m &#417;n b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; lu&#244;n &#273;&#7891;ng h&#224;nh c&#249;ng Ludo School.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.facebook.com/groups/vnpgd&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Tham gia C&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/vnpgd"><span>Tham gia C&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Các tựa game nhịp điệu là bậc thầy trong việc tạo ra trạng thái dòng chảy]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#417; ch&#7871; c&#7911;a c&#225;c game nh&#432; Beat Saber hay Guitar Hero &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;u c&#225;ch ch&#250;ng c&#226;n b&#7857;ng ho&#224;n h&#7843;o gi&#7919;a k&#7929; n&#259;ng v&#224; th&#7917; th&#225;ch.]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/cac-tua-game-nhip-ieu-la-bac-thay</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/cac-tua-game-nhip-ieu-la-bac-thay</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 11 Feb 2026 11:31:17 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l29s!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7983bb56-1cb2-4eef-b8bd-35182f829f94_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l29s!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7983bb56-1cb2-4eef-b8bd-35182f829f94_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l29s!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7983bb56-1cb2-4eef-b8bd-35182f829f94_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l29s!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7983bb56-1cb2-4eef-b8bd-35182f829f94_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l29s!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7983bb56-1cb2-4eef-b8bd-35182f829f94_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l29s!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7983bb56-1cb2-4eef-b8bd-35182f829f94_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l29s!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7983bb56-1cb2-4eef-b8bd-35182f829f94_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7983bb56-1cb2-4eef-b8bd-35182f829f94_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Beat Saber tr&#234;n Steam&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Beat Saber tr&#234;n Steam" title="Beat Saber tr&#234;n Steam" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l29s!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7983bb56-1cb2-4eef-b8bd-35182f829f94_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l29s!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7983bb56-1cb2-4eef-b8bd-35182f829f94_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l29s!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7983bb56-1cb2-4eef-b8bd-35182f829f94_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l29s!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7983bb56-1cb2-4eef-b8bd-35182f829f94_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>B&#7841;n &#273;&#227; bao gi&#7901; ch&#417;i <em>Guitar Hero</em>, <em>Osu!</em>, <em>Thumper</em> hay <em>Beat Saber</em> v&#224; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y th&#7871; gi&#7899;i xung quanh d&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#432; tan bi&#7871;n? Kh&#244;ng c&#242;n ti&#7871;ng &#7891;n c&#7911;a xe c&#7897;, kh&#244;ng c&#242;n nh&#7919;ng lo toan v&#7873; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c ng&#224;y mai hay nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng b&#225;o tin nh&#7855;n phi&#7873;n ph&#7913;c. Tay b&#7841;n di chuy&#7875;n nhanh h&#417;n suy ngh&#297;, m&#7855;t b&#7841;n qu&#233;t qua c&#225;c n&#7889;t nh&#7841;c m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#8220;nh&#236;n&#8221; t&#7915;ng c&#225;i m&#7897;t, v&#224; b&#7841;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y m&#7897;t s&#7921; h&#242;a h&#7907;p tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i gi&#7919;a h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#417; th&#7875; v&#224; &#226;m nh&#7841;c. B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i game &#273;ang c&#7847;m m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c tay c&#7847;m nh&#7921;a; b&#7841;n <em>l&#224;</em> &#226;m nh&#7841;c.</p><p>C&#7843;m gi&#225;c si&#234;u vi&#7879;t &#273;&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#224; t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8220;Tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i D&#242;ng ch&#7843;y&#8221; (Flow State) hay &#8220;The Zone&#8221;. &#272;&#243; l&#224; tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i tinh th&#7847;n t&#7889;i &#432;u khi m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ho&#224;n to&#224;n &#273;&#7855;m ch&#236;m v&#224;o ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng, qu&#234;n &#273;i b&#7843;n ng&#227; v&#224; th&#7901;i gian. V&#7873; m&#7863;t th&#7847;n kinh h&#7885;c, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng <strong>&#8220;Transient Hypofrontality&#8221;</strong> (s&#7921; suy gi&#7843;m ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7841;m th&#7901;i c&#7911;a th&#249;y tr&#225;n), n&#417;i ph&#7847;n n&#227;o ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m cho ti&#7871;ng n&#243;i n&#7897;i t&#226;m, s&#7921; nghi ng&#7901; v&#224; lo l&#7855;ng t&#7841;m th&#7901;i &#8220;t&#7855;t m&#225;y&#8221;, nh&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7895; cho c&#225;c ph&#7843;n x&#7841; b&#7843;n n&#259;ng thu&#7847;n t&#250;y.</p><p>M&#7863;c d&#249; m&#7885;i tr&#242; ch&#417;i &#8211; t&#7915; b&#7855;n s&#250;ng &#273;&#7871;n gi&#7843;i &#273;&#7889; &#8211; &#273;&#7873;u c&#7889; g&#7855;ng &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y, nh&#432;ng game nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u (Rhythm games) l&#224; th&#7875; lo&#7841;i duy nh&#7845;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a b&#7841;n v&#224;o tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i &#273;&#243; nhanh nh&#7845;t, s&#226;u nh&#7845;t v&#224; duy tr&#236; n&#243; l&#226;u nh&#7845;t. Ch&#250;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; tr&#242; ch&#417;i gi&#7843;i tr&#237;; ch&#250;ng l&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#7895; m&#225;y t&#7841;o s&#7921; t&#7853;p trung t&#7889;i th&#432;&#7907;ng, lo&#7841;i b&#7887; m&#7885;i s&#7921; xao nh&#227;ng th&#7915;a th&#227;i &#273;&#7875; b&#7897; n&#227;o v&#7853;n h&#224;nh &#7903; hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t cao nh&#7845;t.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.ludo.school/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#127754; <strong>B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u b&#237; m&#7853;t &#273;&#7857;ng sau nh&#7919;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m game g&#226;y nghi&#7879;n nh&#7845;t? </strong>H&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n newsletter c&#7911;a Ludo School &#273;&#7875; kh&#225;m ph&#225; t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; v&#224; c&#225;ch &#225;p d&#7909;ng n&#243; v&#224;o s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a b&#7841;n!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h4>Ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i T&#7913;c th&#236; v&#224; S&#7921; r&#245; r&#224;ng tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i: S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#7911;a M&#7909;c ti&#234;u Vi m&#244;</h4><p>Y&#234;u c&#7847;u &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n v&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a D&#242;ng ch&#7843;y l&#224; s&#7921; r&#245; r&#224;ng c&#7911;a m&#7909;c ti&#234;u. Trong m&#7897;t game nh&#7853;p vai th&#7871; gi&#7899;i m&#7903; hay game sinh t&#7891;n, b&#7841;n th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i s&#7921; m&#417; h&#7891; v&#224; g&#225;nh n&#7863;ng l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n (analysis paralysis): &#8220;M&#236;nh n&#234;n &#273;i &#273;&#226;u? M&#236;nh n&#234;n ch&#7871; t&#7841;o c&#225;i g&#236;? K&#7867; th&#249; &#273;ang &#7903; &#273;&#226;u?&#8221;. S&#7921; m&#417; h&#7891; n&#224;y t&#7841;o ra &#8220;&#273;&#7897; tr&#7877; nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c&#8221; (cognitive latency), ng&#259;n c&#7843;n b&#7841;n b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y m&#432;&#7907;t m&#224;.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng trong m&#7897;t game nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u, s&#7921; m&#417; h&#7891; b&#7857;ng kh&#244;ng. M&#7909;c ti&#234;u lu&#244;n hi&#7875;n hi&#7879;n tr&#7921;c quan ngay tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7855;t tr&#234;n m&#7897;t &#8220;&#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cao t&#7889;c&#8221; (note highway): nh&#7845;n n&#250;t n&#224;y, v&#224;o &#273;&#250;ng th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m n&#224;y. Game nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u chia nh&#7887; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u l&#7899;n (ho&#224;n th&#224;nh b&#224;i h&#225;t) th&#224;nh h&#224;ng ngh&#236;n <strong>m&#7909;c ti&#234;u vi m&#244; (micro-goals)</strong> xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n li&#234;n t&#7909;c m&#7895;i gi&#226;y. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#7849;n &#253;, kh&#244;ng c&#243; chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p, ch&#7881; c&#243; s&#7921; th&#7921;c thi thu&#7847;n t&#250;y. S&#7921; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n h&#243;a m&#7909;c ti&#234;u n&#224;y gi&#7843;i ph&#243;ng b&#7897; n&#227;o kh&#7887;i vi&#7879;c ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh (decision fatigue), cho ph&#233;p n&#243; d&#7891;n to&#224;n b&#7897; n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#224;o vi&#7879;c x&#7917; l&#253; th&#244;ng tin v&#224; ph&#7843;n x&#7841;.</p><p>H&#417;n n&#7919;a, game nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u cung c&#7845;p h&#7879; th&#7889;ng ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i (feedback) nhanh nh&#7845;t v&#224; ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; nh&#7845;t trong m&#7885;i th&#7875; lo&#7841;i game. Ch&#7881; v&#224;i mili-gi&#226;y sau khi b&#7841;n h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng, tr&#242; ch&#417;i &#273;&#227; cho b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c: &#8220;Perfect&#8221; (Ho&#224;n h&#7843;o), &#8220;Good&#8221; (T&#7889;t), hay &#8220;Miss&#8221; (Tr&#432;&#7907;t). Kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#273;&#7897; tr&#7877;, kh&#244;ng c&#243; s&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n m&#242;.</p><ul><li><p><strong>C&#7917;a s&#7893; th&#7901;i gian (Timing Windows):</strong> C&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; t&#7841;o ra nh&#7919;ng c&#7917;a s&#7893; th&#7901;i gian c&#7921;c nh&#7887; (v&#237; d&#7909;: +/- 30ms cho m&#7897;t c&#250; Perfect). S&#7921; kh&#7855;t khe n&#224;y kh&#244;ng l&#224;m ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i n&#7843;n l&#242;ng m&#224; ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, n&#243; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t n&#7895;i &#225;m &#7843;nh t&#237;ch c&#7921;c v&#7873; s&#7921; ho&#224;n h&#7843;o.</p></li><li><p><strong>C&#417; ch&#7871; Combo:</strong> Con s&#7889; &#8220;Combo&#8221; t&#259;ng l&#234;n li&#234;n t&#7909;c &#7903; gi&#7919;a m&#224;n h&#236;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t th&#432;&#7899;c &#273;o h&#7919;u h&#236;nh cho s&#7921; t&#7853;p trung c&#7911;a b&#7841;n. N&#243; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t &#225;p l&#7921;c t&#226;m l&#253; &#8220;&#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#259;n c&#7843;, ng&#227; v&#7873; kh&#244;ng&#8221; (high stakes). Khi con s&#7889; combo c&#224;ng cao, b&#7841;n c&#224;ng t&#7853;p trung cao &#273;&#7897; &#273;&#7875; b&#7843;o v&#7879; n&#243;, &#273;&#7849;y n&#227;o b&#7897; v&#224;o tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i c&#7843;nh gi&#225;c t&#7889;i &#273;a.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i &#272;a gi&#225;c quan:</strong> M&#7897;t c&#250; &#273;&#225;nh &#273;&#250;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; t&#259;ng &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889;. N&#243; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t &#226;m thanh tambourine vui tai (th&#237;nh gi&#225;c), m&#7897;t hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng b&#249;ng n&#7893; &#225;nh s&#225;ng tr&#234;n m&#224;n h&#236;nh (th&#7883; gi&#225;c), v&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897; rung nh&#7865; tr&#234;n tay c&#7847;m (x&#250;c gi&#225;c).</p></li></ul><p>V&#242;ng l&#7863;p &#8220;H&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng -&gt; Ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i&#8221; di&#7877;n ra li&#234;n t&#7909;c h&#224;ng tr&#259;m l&#7847;n m&#7895;i ph&#250;t. S&#7921; li&#234;n k&#7871;t ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; n&#224;y gi&#250;p b&#7897; n&#227;o &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh h&#224;nh vi vi m&#244; trong th&#7901;i gian th&#7921;c, lo&#7841;i b&#7887; s&#7921; nghi ng&#7901; b&#7843;n th&#226;n v&#224; gi&#7919; cho t&#226;m tr&#237; lu&#244;n b&#7853;n r&#7897;n, kh&#244;ng c&#242;n m&#7897;t k&#7869; h&#7903; n&#224;o cho nh&#7919;ng suy ngh&#297; lan man hay s&#7921; lo l&#7855;ng x&#226;m nh&#7853;p.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdYw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc65c9ad1-839f-4f53-bbe9-3be6c7824dfd_500x400.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdYw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc65c9ad1-839f-4f53-bbe9-3be6c7824dfd_500x400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdYw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc65c9ad1-839f-4f53-bbe9-3be6c7824dfd_500x400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdYw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc65c9ad1-839f-4f53-bbe9-3be6c7824dfd_500x400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdYw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc65c9ad1-839f-4f53-bbe9-3be6c7824dfd_500x400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdYw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc65c9ad1-839f-4f53-bbe9-3be6c7824dfd_500x400.jpeg" width="500" height="400" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c65c9ad1-839f-4f53-bbe9-3be6c7824dfd_500x400.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:400,&quot;width&quot;:500,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Guitar Hero at 20 &#8211; how a plastic axe bridged the gap between rock  generations | Games | The Guardian&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Guitar Hero at 20 &#8211; how a plastic axe bridged the gap between rock  generations | Games | The Guardian" title="Guitar Hero at 20 &#8211; how a plastic axe bridged the gap between rock  generations | Games | The Guardian" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdYw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc65c9ad1-839f-4f53-bbe9-3be6c7824dfd_500x400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdYw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc65c9ad1-839f-4f53-bbe9-3be6c7824dfd_500x400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdYw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc65c9ad1-839f-4f53-bbe9-3be6c7824dfd_500x400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdYw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc65c9ad1-839f-4f53-bbe9-3be6c7824dfd_500x400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>C&#226;n b&#7857;ng tr&#234;n L&#432;&#7905;i dao: Th&#7917; th&#225;ch &#272;&#7897;ng v&#224; Nh&#7853;n d&#7841;ng M&#7851;u h&#236;nh</h4><p>Thuy&#7871;t D&#242;ng ch&#7843;y ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i n&#224;y ch&#7881; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i &#273;i&#7875;m giao thoa ho&#224;n h&#7843;o (Goldilocks zone) gi&#7919;a th&#7917; th&#225;ch v&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng. N&#7871;u game qu&#225; kh&#243; so v&#7899;i k&#7929; n&#259;ng, ta lo l&#7855;ng v&#224; c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng. N&#7871;u qu&#225; d&#7877;, ta bu&#7891;n ch&#225;n v&#224; m&#7845;t t&#7853;p trung.</p><p>Game nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u l&#224; b&#7853;c th&#7847;y trong vi&#7879;c duy tr&#236; s&#7921; c&#226;n b&#7857;ng mong manh n&#224;y th&#244;ng qua thi&#7871;t k&#7871; b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; n&#7889;t nh&#7841;c (beatmap/charting). M&#7897;t b&#224;i h&#225;t hay trong <em>Beat Saber</em> kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7859;ng c&#7911;a &#273;&#7897; kh&#243;. N&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; nh&#432; m&#7897;t bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; h&#236;nh sin c&#7911;a &#273;&#7897; c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng (tension curve), qu&#7843;n l&#253; n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Cao tr&#224;o (The Drop):</strong> Nh&#7919;ng &#273;o&#7841;n &#273;i&#7879;p kh&#250;c d&#7891;n d&#7853;p v&#7899;i m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897; n&#7889;t nh&#7841;c d&#224;y &#273;&#7863;c bu&#7897;c b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i c&#259;ng m&#7885;i gi&#225;c quan. T&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y, b&#7841;n chuy&#7875;n t&#7915; vi&#7879;c &#8220;&#273;&#7885;c n&#7889;t&#8221; (sight-reading) sang <strong>&#8220;nh&#7853;n d&#7841;ng m&#7851;u h&#236;nh&#8221; (pattern recognition)</strong>. N&#227;o b&#7897; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n x&#7917; l&#253; t&#7915;ng n&#7889;t ri&#234;ng l&#7867; m&#224; x&#7917; l&#253; c&#7843; m&#7897;t c&#7909;m n&#7889;t (chunking) nh&#432; m&#7897;t &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; th&#244;ng tin duy nh&#7845;t.</p></li><li><p><strong>Kho&#7843;ng ngh&#7881; (The Break):</strong> Xen k&#7869; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#273;o&#7841;n verse nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng h&#417;n, m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897; n&#7889;t th&#432;a h&#417;n. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n k&#7883;p &#8220;th&#7903;&#8221;, th&#432; gi&#227;n c&#417; b&#7855;p, ch&#7899;p m&#7855;t v&#224; h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c l&#432;&#7907;ng ch&#7845;t d&#7851;n truy&#7873;n th&#7847;n kinh &#273;&#227; ti&#234;u t&#7889;n. N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#243; nh&#7919;ng kho&#7843;ng ngh&#7881; n&#224;y, ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i s&#7869; nhanh ch&#243;ng b&#7883; ki&#7879;t s&#7913;c (cognitive burnout) v&#224; v&#259;ng ra kh&#7887;i d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y.</p></li></ul><p>C&#7845;u tr&#250;c n&#224;y t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u ch&#417;i game &#273;&#7847;y l&#244;i cu&#7889;n. Khi b&#7841;n ch&#417;i &#7903; &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; cao nh&#7845;t, b&#7841;n &#273;ang ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng &#7903; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n t&#7889;i &#273;a c&#7911;a kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ph&#7843;n x&#7841; con ng&#432;&#7901;i &#8211; n&#417;i b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#242;n th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7875; suy ngh&#297; b&#7857;ng v&#7887; n&#227;o tr&#432;&#7899;c tr&#225;n (&#253; th&#7913;c) m&#224; ph&#7843;i chuy&#7875;n sang h&#7841;ch n&#7873;n (ph&#7843;n x&#7841; v&#244; th&#7913;c). Ch&#237;nh vi&#7879;c &#8220;su&#253;t so&#225;t&#8221; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; h&#7895;n lo&#7841;n &#273;&#243;, c&#7843;m gi&#225;c c&#432;&#7905;i tr&#234;n ng&#7885;n s&#243;ng d&#7919; m&#224; kh&#244;ng ng&#227;, t&#7841;o ra c&#7843;m gi&#225;c th&#7887;a m&#227;n t&#7897;t c&#249;ng (euphoria) v&#224; s&#7921; t&#7921; tin m&#7841;nh m&#7869;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O_VB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9654a9f3-5bfb-4eed-bd3f-4d980e8daea6_1424x1032.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O_VB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9654a9f3-5bfb-4eed-bd3f-4d980e8daea6_1424x1032.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O_VB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9654a9f3-5bfb-4eed-bd3f-4d980e8daea6_1424x1032.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O_VB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9654a9f3-5bfb-4eed-bd3f-4d980e8daea6_1424x1032.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O_VB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9654a9f3-5bfb-4eed-bd3f-4d980e8daea6_1424x1032.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O_VB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9654a9f3-5bfb-4eed-bd3f-4d980e8daea6_1424x1032.png" width="1424" height="1032" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9654a9f3-5bfb-4eed-bd3f-4d980e8daea6_1424x1032.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1032,&quot;width&quot;:1424,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;The Power of Just-In-Time Learning and Flow State in Music Education&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="The Power of Just-In-Time Learning and Flow State in Music Education" title="The Power of Just-In-Time Learning and Flow State in Music Education" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O_VB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9654a9f3-5bfb-4eed-bd3f-4d980e8daea6_1424x1032.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O_VB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9654a9f3-5bfb-4eed-bd3f-4d980e8daea6_1424x1032.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O_VB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9654a9f3-5bfb-4eed-bd3f-4d980e8daea6_1424x1032.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O_VB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9654a9f3-5bfb-4eed-bd3f-4d980e8daea6_1424x1032.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>S&#7921; &#272;&#7891;ng c&#7843;m Gi&#225;c quan (Synesthesia) v&#224; Nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c Hi&#7879;n th&#226;n</h4><p>&#272;i&#7873;u cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng v&#224; k&#7923; di&#7879;u nh&#7845;t khi&#7871;n game nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u tr&#7903; n&#234;n &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; c&#225;ch ch&#250;ng h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t c&#225;c gi&#225;c quan, t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m g&#7847;n gi&#7889;ng v&#7899;i hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng &#8220;k&#232;m c&#7843;m gi&#225;c&#8221; (Synesthesia) &#8211; n&#417;i b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#8220;nh&#236;n th&#7845;y&#8221; &#226;m thanh v&#224; &#8220;ch&#7841;m&#8221; v&#224;o giai &#273;i&#7879;u.</p><p>Trong h&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c game, &#226;m thanh l&#224; th&#7913; y&#7871;u, &#273;i sau h&#236;nh &#7843;nh. Nh&#432;ng &#7903; &#273;&#226;y, &#226;m thanh d&#7851;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cho h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#417; ch&#7871; <strong>&#8220;&#272;&#7891;ng b&#7897; h&#243;a Th&#237;nh gi&#225;c - V&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng&#8221; (Auditory-Motor Synchronization)</strong>. H&#7879; th&#7889;ng th&#7847;n kinh c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7921; nhi&#234;n mu&#7889;n &#273;&#7891;ng b&#7897; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng c&#417; th&#7875; v&#7899;i nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u b&#234;n ngo&#224;i (&#273;&#243; l&#224; l&#253; do ta nh&#7883;p ch&#226;n khi nghe nh&#7841;c). Game nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u khai th&#225;c tri&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; b&#7843;n n&#259;ng sinh h&#7885;c n&#224;y, bi&#7871;n vi&#7879;c ch&#417;i game th&#224;nh m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7879;u nh&#7843;y.</p><p>Khi b&#7841;n nh&#7845;n n&#250;t &#273;&#250;ng nh&#7883;p trong <em>Thumper</em>, c&#259;n timing ho&#224;n h&#7843;o trong <em>Hi-Fi RUSH</em>, hay ch&#233;m m&#7897;t kh&#7889;i vu&#244;ng trong <em>Beat Saber</em>, b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; ghi &#273;i&#7875;m; b&#7841;n &#273;ang g&#243;p ph&#7847;n <em>t&#7841;o ra</em> b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c. Ti&#7871;ng &#8220;ch&#233;m&#8221; s&#7855;c l&#7865;m hay ti&#7871;ng g&#7843;y &#273;&#224;n h&#242;a quy&#7879;n ho&#224;n h&#7843;o v&#7899;i beat nh&#7841;c n&#7873;n, &#273;i&#7873;n v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng kho&#7843;ng tr&#7889;ng c&#7911;a b&#224;i h&#225;t.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Quy&#7873;n ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng (Agency):</strong> B&#7841;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y nh&#432; m&#236;nh l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7841;o ra &#226;m nh&#7841;c &#273;&#243;, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i nghe.</p></li><li><p><strong>Nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c Hi&#7879;n th&#226;n (Embodied Cognition):</strong> Ranh gi&#7899;i gi&#7919;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i (ch&#7911; th&#7875;) v&#224; tr&#242; ch&#417;i (kh&#225;ch th&#7875;) b&#7883; x&#243;a nh&#242;a. B&#7841;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y chi&#7871;c tay c&#7847;m hay c&#417; th&#7875; m&#236;nh ch&#237;nh l&#224; nh&#7841;c c&#7909;.</p></li></ul><p>S&#7921; h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t gi&#7919;a th&#237;nh gi&#225;c, th&#7883; gi&#225;c v&#224; x&#250;c gi&#225;c t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m nh&#7853;p vai m&#7841;nh m&#7869;, nh&#7845;n ch&#236;m c&#225;i t&#244;i c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i v&#224;o tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m chung. B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#242;n &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n nh&#226;n v&#7853;t; b&#7841;n &#273;ang khi&#234;u v&#361; v&#7899;i thu&#7853;t to&#225;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EKqX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7a1fd4f-8c60-4852-9c43-814fff29e5a4_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EKqX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7a1fd4f-8c60-4852-9c43-814fff29e5a4_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EKqX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7a1fd4f-8c60-4852-9c43-814fff29e5a4_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EKqX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7a1fd4f-8c60-4852-9c43-814fff29e5a4_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EKqX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7a1fd4f-8c60-4852-9c43-814fff29e5a4_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EKqX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7a1fd4f-8c60-4852-9c43-814fff29e5a4_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e7a1fd4f-8c60-4852-9c43-814fff29e5a4_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Download &amp; Play Beat Fire - Edm Gun Music Game on PC &amp; Mac (Emulator)&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Download &amp; Play Beat Fire - Edm Gun Music Game on PC &amp; Mac (Emulator)" title="Download &amp; Play Beat Fire - Edm Gun Music Game on PC &amp; Mac (Emulator)" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EKqX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7a1fd4f-8c60-4852-9c43-814fff29e5a4_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EKqX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7a1fd4f-8c60-4852-9c43-814fff29e5a4_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EKqX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7a1fd4f-8c60-4852-9c43-814fff29e5a4_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EKqX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7a1fd4f-8c60-4852-9c43-814fff29e5a4_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, c&#225;c t&#7921;a game nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u d&#7841;y ch&#250;ng ta m&#7897;t b&#224;i h&#7885;c quan tr&#7885;ng v&#7873; n&#259;ng su&#7845;t v&#224; h&#7841;nh ph&#250;c: s&#7921; t&#7853;p trung cao &#273;&#7897; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; vi&#7879;c &#233;p bu&#7897;c b&#7843;n th&#226;n &#8220;h&#227;y t&#7853;p trung &#273;i&#8221;, m&#224; &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; s&#7921; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng. B&#7857;ng c&#225;ch cung c&#7845;p m&#7909;c ti&#234;u r&#245; r&#224;ng, lo&#7841;i b&#7887; s&#7921; m&#417; h&#7891;, cung c&#7845;p ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i t&#7913;c th&#236; v&#224; duy tr&#236; th&#7917; th&#225;ch h&#7907;p l&#253;, ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i tinh th&#7847;n t&#7889;i &#432;u, n&#417;i th&#7901;i gian d&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#432; ng&#7915;ng tr&#244;i v&#224; m&#7885;i h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7873;u tr&#7903; n&#234;n ho&#224;n h&#7843;o.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>&#127925; <strong>B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u v&#224; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng &#226;m thanh trong game? </strong>H&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; tham gia l&#7899;p h&#7885;c &#8220;C&#7843;m t&#236;nh Thanh &#194;m&#8221; c&#7911;a Ludo School &#273;&#7875; r&#232;n luy&#7879;n k&#7929; n&#259;ng c&#7843;m th&#7909; v&#224; t&#432; duy &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng Audio Direction, gi&#250;p b&#7841;n l&#224;m vi&#7879;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; &#226;m thanh!</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c</span></a></p></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Sự im lặng đóng vai trò như một công cụ kể chuyện mạnh mẽ]]></title><description><![CDATA[B&#224;n v&#7873; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t s&#7917; d&#7909;ng kho&#7843;ng l&#7863;ng trong game &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra s&#7921; c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng, s&#7907; h&#227;i ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng kho&#7843;nh kh&#7855;c chi&#234;m nghi&#7879;m s&#226;u s&#7855;c.]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/su-im-lang-ong-vai-tro-nhu-mot-cong</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/su-im-lang-ong-vai-tro-nhu-mot-cong</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 04 Feb 2026 00:01:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IQB1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40c3aed-d656-4eee-958c-6f7b2097b986_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IQB1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40c3aed-d656-4eee-958c-6f7b2097b986_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IQB1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40c3aed-d656-4eee-958c-6f7b2097b986_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IQB1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40c3aed-d656-4eee-958c-6f7b2097b986_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IQB1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40c3aed-d656-4eee-958c-6f7b2097b986_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IQB1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40c3aed-d656-4eee-958c-6f7b2097b986_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IQB1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40c3aed-d656-4eee-958c-6f7b2097b986_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a40c3aed-d656-4eee-958c-6f7b2097b986_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Dead Space's creator states \&quot;It would be cool to do a new one\&quot; as the Silent  Hill 2 Remake sells over one million copies | Windows Central&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Dead Space's creator states &quot;It would be cool to do a new one&quot; as the Silent  Hill 2 Remake sells over one million copies | Windows Central" title="Dead Space's creator states &quot;It would be cool to do a new one&quot; as the Silent  Hill 2 Remake sells over one million copies | Windows Central" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IQB1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40c3aed-d656-4eee-958c-6f7b2097b986_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IQB1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40c3aed-d656-4eee-958c-6f7b2097b986_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IQB1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40c3aed-d656-4eee-958c-6f7b2097b986_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IQB1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40c3aed-d656-4eee-958c-6f7b2097b986_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Trong m&#7897;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i game ng&#224;y c&#224;ng &#7891;n &#224;o v&#7899;i ti&#7871;ng s&#250;ng n&#7893; &#273;inh tai, ti&#7871;ng g&#224;o th&#233;t c&#7911;a qu&#225;i v&#7853;t v&#224; nh&#7919;ng b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c n&#7873;n giao h&#432;&#7903;ng h&#249;ng tr&#225;ng ch&#7841;y li&#234;n t&#7909;c (wall-to-wall music), ch&#250;ng ta th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; cao nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh &#8220;l&#7899;n&#8221;. Ch&#250;ng ta mu&#7889;n loa bass ph&#7843;i rung l&#234;n b&#7847;n b&#7853;t, mu&#7889;n m&#7885;i h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng d&#249; l&#224; nh&#7887; nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7873;u ph&#7843;i c&#243; ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i th&#237;nh gi&#225;c t&#7913;c th&#236; &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y th&#7887;a m&#227;n. Nh&#432;ng &#273;&#244;i khi, nh&#7919;ng kho&#7843;nh kh&#7855;c &#273;&#225;ng nh&#7899; nh&#7845;t, nh&#7919;ng gi&#226;y ph&#250;t khi&#7871;n tim ta th&#7855;t l&#7841;i ho&#7863;c t&#226;m h&#7891;n ta m&#7903; ra, l&#7841;i l&#224; khi &#226;m nh&#7841;c t&#7855;t l&#7883;m.</p><p>S&#7921; im l&#7863;ng trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#226;m thanh (Sound Design) kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; s&#7921; v&#7855;ng m&#7863;t c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u, s&#7921; l&#432;&#7901;i bi&#7871;ng c&#7911;a nh&#224; so&#7841;n nh&#7841;c hay l&#7895;i k&#7929; thu&#7853;t; n&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7921; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n thi&#7871;t k&#7871; c&#243; ch&#7911; &#273;&#237;ch v&#224; &#273;&#7847;y d&#361;ng c&#7843;m. Trong ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t th&#7883; gi&#225;c, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta g&#7885;i n&#243; l&#224; &#8220;kh&#244;ng gian &#226;m&#8221; (negative space) &#8211; nh&#7919;ng kho&#7843;ng tr&#7855;ng gi&#250;p ch&#7911; th&#7875; ch&#237;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#7893;i b&#7853;t. T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;, trong game, s&#7921; im l&#7863;ng l&#224; t&#7845;m ph&#244;ng n&#7873;n c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; c&#225;c &#226;m thanh kh&#225;c c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a. N&#7871;u m&#7885;i th&#7913; &#273;&#7873;u &#7891;n &#224;o, th&#236; kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; l&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7843;. S&#7921; im l&#7863;ng nh&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7895; cho tr&#237; t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i t&#7921; &#273;i&#7873;n v&#224;o ch&#7895; tr&#7889;ng, t&#7841;o ra nh&#7919;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#225; nh&#226;n h&#243;a m&#224; kh&#244;ng m&#7897;t b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c n&#224;o c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m thay &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.ludo.school/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#128263; <strong>B&#7841;n c&#243; bao gi&#7901; s&#7907; h&#227;i s&#7921; im l&#7863;ng h&#417;n l&#224; ti&#7871;ng &#7891;n? </strong>H&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n newsletter c&#7911;a Ludo School &#273;&#7875; kh&#225;m ph&#225; c&#225;ch c&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; thao t&#250;ng c&#7843;m x&#250;c c&#7911;a b&#7841;n b&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; h&#7885; <em>kh&#244;ng</em> &#273;&#432;a v&#224;o game!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h4>Ti&#7871;ng g&#7847;m c&#7911;a s&#7921; S&#7907; h&#227;i v&#224; &#7842;o gi&#225;c Th&#237;nh gi&#225;c</h4><p>Trong th&#7875; lo&#7841;i kinh d&#7883;, s&#7921; im l&#7863;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7847;u kh&#244;ng kh&#237;; n&#243; l&#224; v&#361; kh&#237; t&#7889;i th&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7845;n c&#244;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#224;o t&#226;m l&#253; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i. M&#7897;t b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c d&#7891;n d&#7853;p v&#7899;i ti&#7871;t t&#7845;u nhanh c&#243; th&#7875; b&#225;o hi&#7879;u nguy hi&#7875;m, nh&#432;ng n&#243; c&#361;ng mang l&#7841;i s&#7921; an t&#226;m ngh&#7883;ch l&#253;: n&#243; cho b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t m&#7889;i &#273;e d&#7885;a &#273;ang &#7903; &#273;&#243;, n&#243; x&#225;c nh&#7853;n tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i &#8220;chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u&#8221; c&#7911;a game. B&#7841;n bi&#7871;t m&#236;nh &#273;ang &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i c&#225;i g&#236;.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng s&#7921; im l&#7863;ng? S&#7921; im l&#7863;ng l&#224; s&#7921; b&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh. V&#224; con ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7907; nh&#7845;t l&#224; s&#7921; b&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh.</p><p>H&#227;y nh&#7899; l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng h&#224;nh lang l&#7841;nh l&#7869;o c&#7911;a <em>Dead Space</em> hay tr&#7841;m kh&#244;ng gian Sevastopol trong <em>Alien: Isolation</em>. Khi b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c n&#7873;n t&#7855;t ng&#7845;m, l&#7899;p m&#224;ng b&#7843;o v&#7879; t&#226;m l&#253; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i b&#7883; l&#7897;t b&#7887;. Ch&#7881; c&#242;n l&#7841;i ti&#7871;ng b&#432;&#7899;c ch&#226;n vang v&#7885;ng c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh b&#7841;n, ti&#7871;ng r&#237;t c&#7911;a h&#417;i n&#432;&#7899;c t&#7915; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng &#7889;ng, ti&#7871;ng &#8220;b&#237;p... b&#237;p...&#8221; r&#7901;i r&#7841;c c&#7911;a m&#225;y d&#242; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng, v&#224; ti&#7871;ng tim &#273;&#7853;p c&#7911;a nh&#226;n v&#7853;t. &#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#250;c n&#7895;i s&#7907; h&#227;i l&#234;n &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#7881;nh &#273;i&#7875;m.</p><p>T&#7841;i sao? B&#7903;i v&#236; b&#7897; n&#227;o con ng&#432;&#7901;i gh&#233;t s&#7921; thi&#7871;u v&#7855;ng th&#244;ng tin. Khi kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#226;m thanh ch&#7911; &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7875; b&#225;m v&#237;u v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, n&#227;o b&#7897; s&#7869; r&#417;i v&#224;o tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i qu&#225; t&#7843;i c&#7843;nh gi&#225;c (hyper-vigilance). N&#243; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7921; t&#7841;o ra c&#225;c m&#7889;i &#273;e d&#7885;a th&#244;ng qua hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng <strong>Pareidolia th&#237;nh gi&#225;c</strong> (Auditory Pareidolia) &#8211; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng nghe th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7897;ng c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a trong nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n. M&#7885;i c&#225;i b&#243;ng &#273;&#7873;u tr&#7903; th&#224;nh qu&#225;i v&#7853;t, m&#7885;i ti&#7871;ng gi&#243; r&#237;t qua khe c&#7917;a &#273;&#7873;u nghe nh&#432; ti&#7871;ng th&#7903; hay ti&#7871;ng th&#236; th&#7847;m c&#7911;a k&#7867; th&#249;. B&#7857;ng c&#225;ch r&#250;t b&#7887; &#226;m thanh (sensory deprivation), nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; bu&#7897;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i ph&#7843;i c&#259;ng tai ra nghe, bi&#7871;n h&#7885; t&#7915; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i quan s&#225;t th&#7909; &#273;&#7897;ng th&#224;nh m&#7897;t n&#7841;n nh&#226;n &#273;ang ho&#7843;ng lo&#7841;n, ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng &#8220;s&#259;n l&#249;ng&#8221; n&#7895;i s&#7907; c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh trong t&#7915;ng milimet kh&#244;ng gian. S&#7921; im l&#7863;ng &#7903; &#273;&#226;y &#8220;&#7891;n &#224;o&#8221; v&#224; &#273;&#225;ng s&#7907; h&#417;n b&#7845;t k&#7923; ti&#7871;ng g&#7847;m n&#224;o.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qf58!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c15216d-257d-403e-88a1-61885630080f_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qf58!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c15216d-257d-403e-88a1-61885630080f_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qf58!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c15216d-257d-403e-88a1-61885630080f_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qf58!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c15216d-257d-403e-88a1-61885630080f_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qf58!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c15216d-257d-403e-88a1-61885630080f_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qf58!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c15216d-257d-403e-88a1-61885630080f_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3c15216d-257d-403e-88a1-61885630080f_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;I recreated the PT hallway in Unity. Come take a walk through it. :  r/gamedev&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="I recreated the PT hallway in Unity. Come take a walk through it. :  r/gamedev" title="I recreated the PT hallway in Unity. Come take a walk through it. :  r/gamedev" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qf58!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c15216d-257d-403e-88a1-61885630080f_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qf58!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c15216d-257d-403e-88a1-61885630080f_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qf58!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c15216d-257d-403e-88a1-61885630080f_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qf58!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c15216d-257d-403e-88a1-61885630080f_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Kho&#7843;ng l&#7863;ng c&#7911;a s&#7921; T&#7921; do, Chi&#234;m nghi&#7879;m v&#224; Quy m&#244;</h4><p>Nh&#432;ng s&#7921; im l&#7863;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; d&#224;nh cho n&#7895;i s&#7907;. &#7902; m&#7897;t c&#7921;c th&#225;i kh&#225;c, n&#243; l&#224; ng&#244;n ng&#7919; c&#7911;a s&#7921; h&#249;ng v&#297;, c&#244; &#273;&#417;n v&#224; t&#7921; do. N&#243; cho ph&#233;p ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a th&#7871; gi&#7899;i.</p><p>Trong <em>The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild</em>, Nintendo &#273;&#227; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh t&#225;o b&#7841;o, &#273;i ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng 30 n&#259;m c&#7911;a d&#242;ng game: lo&#7841;i b&#7887; nh&#7919;ng b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c n&#7873;n &#8220;Theme Song&#8221; v&#242;ng l&#7863;p li&#234;n t&#7909;c h&#224;o h&#249;ng. Thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n th&#7901;i gian b&#7841;n lang thang tr&#234;n Hyrule, b&#7841;n nghe th&#7845;y... s&#7921; im l&#7863;ng. N&#243; ch&#7881; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7875;m xuy&#7871;t b&#7903;i ti&#7871;ng gi&#243; l&#249;a qua h&#7867;m n&#250;i, ti&#7871;ng c&#7887; x&#224;o x&#7841;c d&#432;&#7899;i ch&#226;n, ti&#7871;ng chim h&#243;t xa x&#259;m v&#224; &#273;&#244;i khi &#8211; ch&#7881; &#273;&#244;i khi &#8211; l&#224; v&#224;i n&#7889;t piano r&#7901;i r&#7841;c, v&#7905; v&#7909;n vang l&#234;n r&#7891;i t&#7855;t l&#7883;m.</p><p>Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; n&#224;y l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hai vi&#7879;c quan tr&#7885;ng:</p><ol><li><p><strong>T&#244;n vinh Quy m&#244; (Scale) v&#224; S&#7921; c&#244; &#273;&#7897;c:</strong> S&#7921; im l&#7863;ng l&#224;m cho th&#7871; gi&#7899;i c&#7843;m th&#7845;y r&#7897;ng l&#7899;n h&#417;n. Khi kh&#244;ng c&#243; nh&#7841;c n&#7873;n l&#7845;p &#273;&#7847;y kh&#244;ng gian, ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n r&#245; r&#7879;t s&#7921; nh&#7887; b&#233; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh tr&#432;&#7899;c thi&#234;n nhi&#234;n h&#249;ng v&#297;. T&#7921;a game <em>Shadow of the Colossus</em> c&#361;ng &#225;p d&#7909;ng tri&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y: kh&#244;ng c&#243; nh&#7841;c khi b&#7841;n di chuy&#7875;n trong th&#7871; gi&#7899;i m&#7903;, ch&#7881; c&#243; ti&#7871;ng gi&#243; r&#237;t v&#224; ti&#7871;ng v&#243; ng&#7921;a Agro n&#7879;n xu&#7889;ng &#273;&#7845;t &#273;&#225;. N&#243; nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh s&#7921; c&#244; &#273;&#7897;c tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i c&#7911;a nh&#226;n v&#7853;t ch&#237;nh trong V&#249;ng &#272;&#7845;t C&#7845;m. S&#7921; im l&#7863;ng &#7903; &#273;&#226;y mang m&#224;u s&#7855;c c&#7911;a s&#7921; bi tr&#225;ng v&#224; u s&#7847;u.</p></li><li><p><strong>Kh&#244;ng gian cho Chi&#234;m nghi&#7879;m:</strong> Kh&#244;ng c&#243; ti&#7871;ng tr&#7889;ng th&#250;c gi&#7909;c b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u hay l&#224;m nhi&#7879;m v&#7909;, b&#7841;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7921; do &#273;&#7875; &#8220;th&#7903;&#8221;. S&#7921; im l&#7863;ng t&#7841;o ra kho&#7843;ng tr&#7889;ng &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i suy ng&#7851;m v&#7873; s&#7921; hoang t&#224;n c&#7911;a v&#432;&#417;ng qu&#7889;c, v&#7873; l&#7883;ch s&#7917; &#273;&#227; m&#7845;t. Nh&#7919;ng n&#7889;t piano r&#7901;i r&#7841;c trong <em>Breath of the Wild</em> &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#237; nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng t&#224;n t&#237;ch (ruins) c&#7911;a &#226;m nh&#7841;c, ph&#7843;n chi&#7871;u ch&#237;nh nh&#7919;ng t&#224;n t&#237;ch v&#7853;t l&#253; m&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;ang kh&#225;m ph&#225;. T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;, trong <em>Death Stranding</em>, nh&#7919;ng kho&#7843;ng l&#7863;ng d&#224;i khi giao h&#224;ng gi&#250;p nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i h&#225;t c&#7911;a <em>Low Roar</em> khi c&#7845;t l&#234;n tr&#7903; th&#224;nh nh&#7919;ng ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#244; gi&#225;, nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#225;i &#244;m &#7845;m &#225;p sau h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh d&#224;i l&#7841;nh l&#7869;o.</p></li></ol><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!INtp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81b11973-f4db-4e47-9494-94ba0f1cd618_640x492.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!INtp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81b11973-f4db-4e47-9494-94ba0f1cd618_640x492.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!INtp!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81b11973-f4db-4e47-9494-94ba0f1cd618_640x492.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!INtp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81b11973-f4db-4e47-9494-94ba0f1cd618_640x492.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!INtp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81b11973-f4db-4e47-9494-94ba0f1cd618_640x492.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!INtp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81b11973-f4db-4e47-9494-94ba0f1cd618_640x492.jpeg" width="640" height="492" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/81b11973-f4db-4e47-9494-94ba0f1cd618_640x492.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:492,&quot;width&quot;:640,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;BOTW] Anyone know what parts of the map Link is stood in in these pieces of  art? : r/zelda&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="BOTW] Anyone know what parts of the map Link is stood in in these pieces of  art? : r/zelda" title="BOTW] Anyone know what parts of the map Link is stood in in these pieces of  art? : r/zelda" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!INtp!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81b11973-f4db-4e47-9494-94ba0f1cd618_640x492.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!INtp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81b11973-f4db-4e47-9494-94ba0f1cd618_640x492.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!INtp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81b11973-f4db-4e47-9494-94ba0f1cd618_640x492.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!INtp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81b11973-f4db-4e47-9494-94ba0f1cd618_640x492.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>D&#7845;u ch&#7845;m c&#226;u cho H&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng: K&#7929; thu&#7853;t T&#432;&#417;ng ph&#7843;n v&#224; D&#7843;i &#273;&#7897;ng (Dynamic Range)</h4><p>Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, s&#7921; im l&#7863;ng l&#224; c&#244;ng c&#7909; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t m&#7841;nh m&#7869; nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra s&#7921; t&#432;&#417;ng ph&#7843;n, hay trong thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; &#226;m thanh l&#224; <strong>D&#7843;i &#273;&#7897;ng (Dynamic Range)</strong> &#8211; s&#7921; ch&#234;nh l&#7879;ch gi&#7919;a &#226;m thanh nh&#7887; nh&#7845;t v&#224; l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t. Trong &#226;m nh&#7841;c v&#224; &#273;i&#7879;n &#7843;nh, c&#243; m&#7897;t k&#7929; thu&#7853;t g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8220;kho&#7843;ng l&#7863;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c c&#417;n b&#227;o&#8221;. N&#7871;u m&#7885;i th&#7913; &#273;&#7873;u &#7891;n &#224;o, th&#236; kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; l&#224; &#7891;n &#224;o c&#7843;. Tai ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i s&#7869; nhanh ch&#243;ng b&#7883; &#8220;m&#7879;t m&#7887;i&#8221; (ear fatigue) v&#224; chai s&#7841;n v&#7899;i ti&#7871;ng n&#7893;.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; m&#7897;t v&#7909; n&#7893; th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#243; s&#7913;c n&#7863;ng v&#7853;t l&#253;, c&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#226;m thanh th&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng th&#7911; thu&#7853;t &#8220;h&#250;t &#226;m thanh&#8221; (audio suction) ngay tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;. Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi qu&#7843; l&#7921;u &#273;&#7841;n n&#7893; hay thi&#234;n th&#7841;ch va ch&#7841;m, m&#7885;i &#226;m thanh n&#7873;n b&#7883; gi&#7843;m &#273;&#7897;t ng&#7897;t v&#7873; con s&#7889; kh&#244;ng trong m&#7897;t t&#237;ch t&#7855;c (kho&#7843;ng v&#224;i tr&#259;m mili-gi&#226;y). S&#7921; im l&#7863;ng &#273;&#7897;t ng&#7897;t, phi t&#7921; nhi&#234;n n&#224;y t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t l&#7921;c h&#250;t t&#226;m l&#253;, khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i n&#237;n th&#7903; theo b&#7843;n n&#259;ng. V&#224; r&#7891;i... B&#217;M! &#194;m thanh &#249;a v&#7873; v&#7899;i c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; t&#7889;i &#273;a. S&#7921; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#7897;t ng&#7897;t t&#7915; im l&#7863;ng tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i sang &#7891;n &#224;o c&#7921;c &#273;&#7897; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t c&#250; s&#7889;c th&#237;nh gi&#225;c, l&#224;m cho v&#7909; n&#7893; c&#243; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c m&#7841;nh m&#7869; h&#417;n g&#7845;p nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n.</p><p>H&#417;n n&#7919;a, sau v&#7909; n&#7893;, thay v&#236; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c &#7891;n &#224;o, c&#225;c game hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i (l&#7845;y c&#7843;m h&#7913;ng t&#7915; phim <em>Saving Private Ryan</em>) th&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng <strong>Hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng &#217; tai (Tinnitus Effect)</strong>: l&#224;m c&#226;m l&#7863;ng to&#224;n b&#7897; &#226;m thanh m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7895;n lo&#7841;n, ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; l&#7841;i m&#7897;t ti&#7871;ng r&#237;t cao t&#7847;n m&#7887;ng manh v&#224; ti&#7871;ng tim &#273;&#7853;p th&#236;nh th&#7883;ch. K&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y m&#244; ph&#7887;ng ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng th&#237;nh gi&#225;c th&#7921;c t&#7871;, nh&#432;ng quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n, n&#243; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng l&#7863;ng &#8220;cho&#225;ng v&#225;ng&#8221;. N&#243; bu&#7897;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i ph&#7843;i d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i, quan s&#225;t s&#7921; h&#7895;n lo&#7841;n xung quanh trong s&#7921; t&#297;nh l&#7863;ng k&#7923; qu&#225;i, t&#225;ch bi&#7879;t h&#7885; kh&#7887;i th&#7921;c t&#7841;i trong gi&#226;y l&#225;t. N&#243; l&#224;m n&#7893;i b&#7853;t s&#7921; t&#224;n kh&#7889;c c&#7911;a chi&#7871;n tranh h&#417;n b&#7845;t k&#7923; ti&#7871;ng la h&#233;t n&#224;o, ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t d&#7845;u ch&#7845;m than &#273;&#7847;y &#225;m &#7843;nh, nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh t&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a s&#7921; ki&#7879;n v&#7915;a x&#7843;y ra.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BL2e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c1c104-891b-4b43-84f2-c1db36568db4_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BL2e!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c1c104-891b-4b43-84f2-c1db36568db4_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BL2e!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c1c104-891b-4b43-84f2-c1db36568db4_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BL2e!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c1c104-891b-4b43-84f2-c1db36568db4_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BL2e!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c1c104-891b-4b43-84f2-c1db36568db4_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BL2e!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c1c104-891b-4b43-84f2-c1db36568db4_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/84c1c104-891b-4b43-84f2-c1db36568db4_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Tinnitus shown and explained using medical animation still shot&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Tinnitus shown and explained using medical animation still shot" title="Tinnitus shown and explained using medical animation still shot" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BL2e!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c1c104-891b-4b43-84f2-c1db36568db4_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BL2e!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c1c104-891b-4b43-84f2-c1db36568db4_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BL2e!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c1c104-891b-4b43-84f2-c1db36568db4_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BL2e!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c1c104-891b-4b43-84f2-c1db36568db4_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, m&#7897;t nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#226;m thanh gi&#7887;i kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch l&#7845;p &#273;&#7847;y kh&#244;ng gian b&#7857;ng ti&#7871;ng &#7891;n, m&#224; c&#242;n ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t khi n&#224;o n&#234;n im l&#7863;ng. S&#7921; im l&#7863;ng l&#224; chi&#7871;c khung t&#244;n vinh b&#7913;c tranh, l&#224; kho&#7843;ng ngh&#7881; gi&#250;p b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c c&#243; nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u, v&#224; l&#224; kho&#7843;ng tr&#7889;ng &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i &#273;&#7863;t c&#7843;m x&#250;c c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh v&#224;o &#273;&#243;. &#272;&#244;i khi, &#226;m thanh m&#7841;nh m&#7869; nh&#7845;t ch&#237;nh l&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#226;m thanh n&#224;o c&#7843;.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>&#127925; <strong>B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u v&#224; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng &#226;m thanh trong game?</strong><br>H&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; tham gia l&#7899;p h&#7885;c &#8220;C&#7843;m t&#236;nh Thanh &#194;m&#8221; c&#7911;a Ludo School &#273;&#7875; r&#232;n luy&#7879;n k&#7929; n&#259;ng c&#7843;m th&#7909; v&#224; t&#432; duy &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng Audio Direction, gi&#250;p b&#7841;n l&#224;m vi&#7879;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; &#226;m thanh!</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c</span></a></p></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Khảo sát hứng thú chương trình Vietnam Creative Summit]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#272;i t&#236;m l&#7901;i gi&#7843;i cho b&#224;i to&#225;n "S&#225;ng t&#7841;o t&#7915; V&#259;n h&#243;a Vi&#7879;t"]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/khao-sat-hung-thu-chuong-trinh-vietnam</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/khao-sat-hung-thu-chuong-trinh-vietnam</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8uW2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2463dc45-fdde-4cdd-b358-844cf0b739d2_3000x2000.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8uW2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2463dc45-fdde-4cdd-b358-844cf0b739d2_3000x2000.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8uW2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2463dc45-fdde-4cdd-b358-844cf0b739d2_3000x2000.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8uW2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2463dc45-fdde-4cdd-b358-844cf0b739d2_3000x2000.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8uW2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2463dc45-fdde-4cdd-b358-844cf0b739d2_3000x2000.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8uW2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2463dc45-fdde-4cdd-b358-844cf0b739d2_3000x2000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8uW2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2463dc45-fdde-4cdd-b358-844cf0b739d2_3000x2000.jpeg" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2463dc45-fdde-4cdd-b358-844cf0b739d2_3000x2000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:258881,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.ludo.school/i/186621475?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2463dc45-fdde-4cdd-b358-844cf0b739d2_3000x2000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8uW2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2463dc45-fdde-4cdd-b358-844cf0b739d2_3000x2000.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8uW2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2463dc45-fdde-4cdd-b358-844cf0b739d2_3000x2000.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8uW2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2463dc45-fdde-4cdd-b358-844cf0b739d2_3000x2000.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8uW2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2463dc45-fdde-4cdd-b358-844cf0b739d2_3000x2000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>L&#224;m game hay l&#224;m c&#225;c d&#7921; &#225;n s&#225;ng t&#7841;o, ch&#7855;c h&#7859;n kh&#244;ng &#237;t l&#7847;n anh em m&#236;nh t&#7921; h&#7887;i: L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ch&#7845;t Vi&#7879;t v&#224;o s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#224; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; g&#432;&#7907;ng &#233;p? &#272;&#226;u l&#224; ranh gi&#7899;i gi&#7919;a s&#225;ng t&#7841;o (h&#432; c&#7845;u) v&#224; t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng l&#7883;ch s&#7917;? T&#236;m ngu&#7891;n t&#432; li&#7879;u chu&#7849;n &#7903; &#273;&#226;u gi&#7919;a m&#7897;t r&#7915;ng th&#244;ng tin tam sao th&#7845;t b&#7843;n?</p><p>&#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#253; do H&#249;ng v&#224; <strong>Ludo School</strong> quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh b&#7855;t tay c&#249;ng <strong>Libero - School of Liberal Arts</strong> &#273;&#7875; &#7845;p &#7911; m&#7897;t d&#7921; &#225;n t&#226;m huy&#7871;t s&#7855;p t&#7899;i: <strong>Vietnam Creative Summit</strong> (t&#234;n d&#7921; ki&#7871;n).</p><p>&#272;&#226;y s&#7869; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t l&#7899;p h&#7885;c l&#7883;ch s&#7917; &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n. M&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a H&#249;ng l&#224; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t kh&#244;ng gian n&#417;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m ngh&#7873; s&#225;ng t&#7841;o (Game, Phim, Art...) g&#7863;p g&#7905; nh&#7919;ng chuy&#234;n gia v&#259;n h&#243;a/l&#7883;ch s&#7917; h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u, &#273;&#7875; trang b&#7883; cho m&#236;nh t&#432; duy h&#7879; th&#7889;ng, ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#224; c&#7843; s&#7921; t&#7921; tin khi khai th&#225;c c&#225;c ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u b&#7843;n &#273;&#7883;a.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh th&#7921;c s&#7921; s&#225;t s&#432;&#7901;n v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng g&#236; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang c&#7847;n, H&#249;ng r&#7845;t mong nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#253; ki&#7871;n &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p c&#7911;a c&#225;c anh em trong ng&#224;nh qua b&#7843;n kh&#7843;o s&#225;t ng&#7855;n n&#224;y (ch&#7881; m&#7845;t kho&#7843;ng 3 ph&#250;t).</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://tally.so/r/eqRxJe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Tham gia kh&#7843;o s&#225;t&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://tally.so/r/eqRxJe"><span>Tham gia kh&#7843;o s&#225;t</span></a></p><p>M&#7895;i chia s&#7867; c&#7911;a m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; m&#7897;t g&#7907;i &#253; qu&#253; gi&#225; &#273;&#7875; t&#7909;i m&#236;nh x&#226;y d&#7921;ng n&#7897;i dung ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng nh&#7845;t. C&#7843;m &#417;n c&#7843; nh&#224; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u!</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Nhạc nền trò chơi đã vượt qua ranh giới của giải trí đơn thuần]]></title><description><![CDATA[Kh&#225;m ph&#225; c&#225;ch c&#225;c b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c game (OST) tr&#7903; th&#224;nh di s&#7843;n v&#259;n h&#243;a v&#224; kh&#417;i g&#7907;i nh&#7919;ng k&#253; &#7913;c s&#7889;ng &#273;&#7897;ng h&#417;n c&#7843; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh.]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/nhac-nen-tro-choi-a-vuot-qua-ranh</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/nhac-nen-tro-choi-a-vuot-qua-ranh</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 28 Jan 2026 00:00:41 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ROB2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a57463-ad5e-4b4a-96a2-a7e7b9837e38_1000x664.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ROB2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a57463-ad5e-4b4a-96a2-a7e7b9837e38_1000x664.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ROB2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a57463-ad5e-4b4a-96a2-a7e7b9837e38_1000x664.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ROB2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a57463-ad5e-4b4a-96a2-a7e7b9837e38_1000x664.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ROB2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a57463-ad5e-4b4a-96a2-a7e7b9837e38_1000x664.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ROB2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a57463-ad5e-4b4a-96a2-a7e7b9837e38_1000x664.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ROB2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a57463-ad5e-4b4a-96a2-a7e7b9837e38_1000x664.jpeg" width="1000" height="664" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a4a57463-ad5e-4b4a-96a2-a7e7b9837e38_1000x664.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:664,&quot;width&quot;:1000,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Game Music - Final Fantasy 16 Original Soundtrack - Ultimate Edition -  Amazon.com Music&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Game Music - Final Fantasy 16 Original Soundtrack - Ultimate Edition -  Amazon.com Music" title="Game Music - Final Fantasy 16 Original Soundtrack - Ultimate Edition -  Amazon.com Music" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ROB2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a57463-ad5e-4b4a-96a2-a7e7b9837e38_1000x664.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ROB2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a57463-ad5e-4b4a-96a2-a7e7b9837e38_1000x664.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ROB2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a57463-ad5e-4b4a-96a2-a7e7b9837e38_1000x664.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ROB2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a57463-ad5e-4b4a-96a2-a7e7b9837e38_1000x664.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#227; qua r&#7891;i c&#225;i th&#7901;i m&#224; nh&#7841;c game ch&#7881; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ti&#7871;ng &#8220;b&#237;p b&#237;p&#8221; &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n c&#7911;a k&#7927; nguy&#234;n 8-bit, t&#7891;n t&#7841;i ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; l&#7845;p &#273;&#7847;y kho&#7843;ng tr&#7889;ng im l&#7863;ng v&#224; b&#225;o hi&#7879;u cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i bi&#7871;t h&#7885; ch&#432;a thua cu&#7897;c. Ng&#224;y nay, &#226;m nh&#7841;c trong tr&#242; ch&#417;i &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917; &#273;&#227; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t ng&#244;n ng&#7919; to&#224;n c&#7847;u, m&#7897;t m&#227; v&#259;n h&#243;a (cultural code) m&#224; h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i thu&#7897;c nhi&#7873;u th&#7871; h&#7879; c&#249;ng chia s&#7867;.</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o m&#7897;t qu&#225;n c&#224; ph&#234; &#7903; London, Tokyo hay S&#224;i G&#242;n, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7877; d&#224;ng b&#7855;t g&#7863;p m&#7897;t sinh vi&#234;n &#273;ang h&#7885;c b&#224;i say s&#432;a v&#7899;i giai &#273;i&#7879;u &#234;m d&#7883;u c&#7911;a <em>Animal Crossing</em> hay <em>Persona 5</em>. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n b&#7853;t TV xem l&#7877; khai m&#7841;c Olympic Tokyo 2020, b&#7841;n s&#7869; nghe th&#7845;y b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c hi&#7879;u h&#249;ng tr&#225;ng c&#7911;a <em>Dragon Quest</em>, <em>Final Fantasy</em> hay <em>Monster Hunter</em> vang l&#234;n &#273;&#7847;y t&#7921; h&#224;o khi c&#225;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n ti&#7871;n v&#224;o s&#226;n v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng. Kho&#7843;nh kh&#7855;c &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; gi&#7843;i tr&#237;; &#273;&#243; l&#224; s&#7921; c&#244;ng nh&#7853;n &#7903; c&#7845;p &#273;&#7897; qu&#7889;c gia v&#7873; m&#7897;t di s&#7843;n v&#259;n h&#243;a hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i.</p><p>Nh&#7841;c n&#7873;n tr&#242; ch&#417;i (Original Sound Track - OST) &#273;&#227; &#226;m th&#7847;m tho&#225;t kh&#7887;i chi&#7871;c h&#7897;p &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n (console) &#273;&#7875; len l&#7887;i v&#224;o &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#7853;t c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta theo nh&#7919;ng c&#225;ch m&#224; ch&#250;ng ta &#237;t ng&#7901; t&#7899;i nh&#7845;t. N&#243; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n trong c&#225;c playlist Spotify c&#7911;a d&#226;n v&#259;n ph&#242;ng, trong c&#225;c b&#7843;n remix th&#7883;nh h&#224;nh tr&#234;n TikTok, v&#224; th&#7853;m ch&#237; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7845;y m&#7851;u (sample) trong c&#225;c b&#224;i h&#225;t Hip-hop &#273;&#236;nh &#273;&#225;m c&#7911;a c&#225;c ng&#244;i sao nh&#432; Drake hay Eminem. N&#243; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n ch&#7881; l&#224; &#8220;nh&#7841;c n&#7873;n cho m&#7897;t tr&#242; ch&#417;i&#8221;; n&#243; &#273;&#227; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t th&#7921;c th&#7875; v&#259;n h&#243;a &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p, m&#7897;t li&#7873;u thu&#7889;c cho t&#226;m h&#7891;n v&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; l&#224;m vi&#7879;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; m&#224; kh&#244;ng lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t n&#224;o kh&#225;c c&#243; th&#7875; thay th&#7871; ho&#224;n to&#224;n.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.ludo.school/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#127932; <strong>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n nghe nh&#7841;c game khi l&#224;m vi&#7879;c kh&#244;ng? </strong>H&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n newsletter c&#7911;a Ludo School &#273;&#7875; c&#249;ng th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng kh&#237;a c&#7841;nh v&#259;n h&#243;a th&#250; v&#7883; m&#224; tr&#242; ch&#417;i &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917; mang l&#7841;i cho cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h4>Nh&#7919;ng chi&#7871;c neo c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#432;&#7907;t th&#7901;i gian: T&#7841;i sao ch&#250;ng ta nh&#7899;?</h4><p>T&#7841;i sao ch&#7881; c&#7847;n nghe v&#224;i n&#7889;t nh&#7841;c piano &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a b&#7843;n &#8220;To Zanarkand&#8221; (<em>Final Fantasy X</em>) hay giai &#273;i&#7879;u ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; vui t&#432;&#417;i c&#7911;a <em>Super Mario Bros.</em>, b&#7841;n l&#7841;i c&#7843;m th&#7845;y m&#7897;t lu&#7891;ng c&#7843;m x&#250;c m&#7841;nh m&#7869; &#249;a v&#7873;, &#273;&#244;i khi khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n n&#7893;i da g&#224; hay r&#432;ng r&#432;ng n&#432;&#7899;c m&#7855;t? Khoa h&#7885;c th&#7847;n kinh cho th&#7845;y &#226;m nh&#7841;c c&#243; m&#7889;i li&#234;n k&#7871;t c&#7921;c k&#7923; m&#7853;t thi&#7871;t v&#7899;i h&#7879; vi&#7873;n (limbic system) - trung t&#226;m x&#7917; l&#253; c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#224; tr&#237; nh&#7899; c&#7911;a n&#227;o b&#7897;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i nh&#7841;c game, m&#7889;i li&#234;n k&#7871;t n&#224;y c&#242;n b&#7873;n ch&#7863;t h&#417;n nh&#7901; v&#224;o <strong>t&#237;nh ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng (agency)</strong>.</p><p>S&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t gi&#7919;a nh&#7841;c phim v&#224; nh&#7841;c game n&#7857;m &#7903; v&#7883; th&#7871; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i nghe. Khi xem m&#7897;t b&#7897; phim, b&#7841;n l&#224; kh&#225;n gi&#7843; th&#7909; &#273;&#7897;ng; nh&#7841;c n&#7873;n mi&#234;u t&#7843; c&#7843;m x&#250;c c&#7911;a nh&#226;n v&#7853;t tr&#234;n m&#224;n &#7843;nh. Nh&#432;ng khi ch&#417;i game, b&#7841;n l&#224; nh&#226;n v&#7853;t ch&#237;nh. B&#7841;n &#273;&#7855;m ch&#236;m trong th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#273;&#243; h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c, th&#7853;m ch&#237; h&#224;ng tr&#259;m gi&#7901;. B&#7843;n nh&#7841;c n&#7873;n &#273;&#243; &#273;&#227; vang l&#234;n l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, th&#7845;m v&#224;o ti&#7873;m th&#7913;c c&#7911;a b&#7841;n trong nh&#7919;ng l&#250;c <em>ch&#237;nh b&#7841;n</em> &#273;ang n&#7895; l&#7921;c v&#432;&#7907;t qua th&#7917; th&#225;ch.</p><p>H&#227;y l&#7845;y v&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; &#8220;nh&#7841;c ph&#242;ng l&#432;u&#8221; (Safe Room music) trong series <em>Resident Evil</em>. Sau h&#224;ng gi&#7901; c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng t&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;, ch&#7841;y tr&#7889;n kh&#7887;i qu&#225;i v&#7853;t trong nh&#7919;ng h&#224;nh lang t&#259;m t&#7889;i, b&#7841;n b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o m&#7897;t c&#259;n ph&#242;ng c&#243; m&#225;y &#273;&#225;nh ch&#7919; v&#224; m&#7897;t giai &#273;i&#7879;u piano &#234;m d&#7883;u vang l&#234;n. Ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c, c&#417; th&#7875; b&#7841;n ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng: nh&#7883;p tim h&#7841; xu&#7889;ng, c&#417; b&#7855;p th&#7843; l&#7887;ng, h&#417;i th&#7903; &#273;&#7873;u l&#7841;i. B&#7843;n nh&#7841;c &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; giai &#273;i&#7879;u bu&#7891;n hay &#273;&#7865;p; n&#243; l&#224; t&#237;n hi&#7879;u sinh h&#7885;c c&#7911;a s&#7921; an to&#224;n. N&#243; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t ph&#7843;n x&#7841; c&#243; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n (Pavlovian response). Khi nghe l&#7841;i b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c &#273;&#243; sau 10 n&#259;m, n&#227;o b&#7897; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; nh&#7899; l&#7841;i h&#236;nh &#7843;nh c&#259;n ph&#242;ng; n&#243; &#8220;t&#7843;i l&#7841;i&#8221; nguy&#234;n v&#7865;n c&#7843;m gi&#225;c an to&#224;n v&#224; nh&#7865; nh&#245;m &#273;&#243;. Nh&#7841;c game tr&#7903; th&#224;nh nh&#7919;ng &#8220;chi&#7871;c neo c&#7843;m x&#250;c&#8221; (emotional anchors), &#273;&#243;ng b&#259;ng v&#224; b&#7843;o qu&#7843;n nh&#7919;ng k&#253; &#7913;c ch&#226;n th&#7921;c nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfZx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0262816-ac6f-43ff-a0b8-7cf8069e92b4_686x386.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfZx!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0262816-ac6f-43ff-a0b8-7cf8069e92b4_686x386.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfZx!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0262816-ac6f-43ff-a0b8-7cf8069e92b4_686x386.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfZx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0262816-ac6f-43ff-a0b8-7cf8069e92b4_686x386.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfZx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0262816-ac6f-43ff-a0b8-7cf8069e92b4_686x386.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfZx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0262816-ac6f-43ff-a0b8-7cf8069e92b4_686x386.jpeg" width="686" height="386" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d0262816-ac6f-43ff-a0b8-7cf8069e92b4_686x386.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:386,&quot;width&quot;:686,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Relaxing and Nostalgic/Emotional Video Game Music&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Relaxing and Nostalgic/Emotional Video Game Music" title="Relaxing and Nostalgic/Emotional Video Game Music" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfZx!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0262816-ac6f-43ff-a0b8-7cf8069e92b4_686x386.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfZx!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0262816-ac6f-43ff-a0b8-7cf8069e92b4_686x386.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfZx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0262816-ac6f-43ff-a0b8-7cf8069e92b4_686x386.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfZx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0262816-ac6f-43ff-a0b8-7cf8069e92b4_686x386.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Nh&#7841;c ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng: C&#244;ng c&#7909; t&#7889;i th&#432;&#7907;ng cho s&#7921; t&#7853;p trung</h4><p>M&#7897;t hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng th&#250; v&#7883; v&#224; b&#249;ng n&#7893; trong th&#7853;p k&#7927; qua l&#224; s&#7921; chuy&#7875;n d&#7883;ch c&#7911;a nh&#7841;c game t&#7915; thi&#7871;t b&#7883; gi&#7843;i tr&#237; sang m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224;m vi&#7879;c hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t cao. C&#225;c danh s&#225;ch ph&#225;t nh&#432; &#8220;Nintendo Music for Studying&#8221;, &#8220;Relaxing Zelda Music&#8221; hay &#8220;Skyrim Ambience&#8221; thu h&#250;t h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c tri&#7879;u l&#432;&#7907;t nghe tr&#234;n YouTube v&#224; Spotify. Sinh vi&#234;n d&#249;ng n&#243; &#273;&#7875; &#244;n thi, l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh vi&#234;n d&#249;ng n&#243; &#273;&#7875; code, v&#224; nh&#224; v&#259;n d&#249;ng n&#243; &#273;&#7875; vi&#7871;t. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, m&#224; l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a thi&#7871;t k&#7871;.</p><p>Nh&#7841;c game, v&#7873; b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t, l&#224; lo&#7841;i &#8220;nh&#7841;c ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng&#8221; (functional music) ho&#224;n h&#7843;o nh&#7845;t cho s&#7921; t&#7853;p trung. C&#225;c nh&#224; so&#7841;n nh&#7841;c game ph&#7843;i gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t m&#7897;t b&#224;i to&#225;n kh&#243; m&#224; c&#225;c nh&#7841;c s&#297; Pop kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; g&#7863;p ph&#7843;i: l&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c m&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#243; th&#7875; nghe &#273;i nghe l&#7841;i trong 5 ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; li&#234;n t&#7909;c t&#7841;i m&#7897;t khu v&#7921;c m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7843;m th&#7845;y kh&#243; ch&#7883;u, m&#7879;t m&#7887;i hay &#273;au &#273;&#7847;u?</p><ol><li><p><strong>C&#7845;u tr&#250;c Loop (V&#242;ng l&#7863;p) v&#224; S&#7921; d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n:</strong> Kh&#225;c v&#7899;i nh&#7841;c Pop c&#243; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c Verse-Chorus-Bridge d&#7891;n d&#7853;p v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng cao tr&#224;o r&#245; r&#224;ng &#273;&#7875; thu h&#250;t s&#7921; ch&#250; &#253;, nh&#7841;c game (&#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; nh&#7841;c th&#225;m hi&#7875;m, gi&#7843;i &#273;&#7889;) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i m&#7897;t c&#225;ch m&#432;&#7907;t m&#224; (seamless loop). S&#7921; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i n&#224;y t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#226;m thanh d&#7877; d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n. Khi n&#227;o b&#7897; bi&#7871;t &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; s&#7855;p x&#7843;y ra ti&#7871;p theo trong &#226;m nh&#7841;c, n&#243; s&#7869; gi&#7843;m b&#7899;t t&#224;i nguy&#234;n x&#7917; l&#253; cho th&#237;nh gi&#225;c, gi&#7843;m lo &#226;u (anxiety), v&#224; d&#224;nh tr&#7885;n v&#7865;n n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng cho c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c ch&#237;nh.</p></li><li><p><strong>M&#7913;c n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh:</strong> N&#243; duy tr&#236; m&#7897;t d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y &#226;m thanh &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n, k&#237;ch th&#237;ch n&#227;o b&#7897; duy tr&#236; s&#7921; t&#7881;nh t&#225;o (alertness) nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng g&#226;y xao nh&#227;ng (distraction).</p></li><li><p><strong>Thi&#7871;u l&#7901;i ca:</strong> &#272;a s&#7889; nh&#7841;c n&#7873;n game l&#224; kh&#237; nh&#7841;c (instrumental). &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y c&#7921;c k&#7923; quan tr&#7885;ng v&#236; l&#7901;i b&#224;i h&#225;t s&#7869; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t trung t&#226;m x&#7917; l&#253; ng&#244;n ng&#7919; c&#7911;a n&#227;o b&#7897;, g&#226;y xung &#273;&#7897;t tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p n&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang c&#7889; g&#7855;ng &#273;&#7885;c, vi&#7871;t ho&#7863;c code.</p></li></ol><p>Th&#250; v&#7883; h&#417;n, ng&#432;&#7901;i nghe c&#242;n bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch ch&#7885;n d&#242;ng nh&#7841;c game ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i lo&#7841;i c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c (&#8221;Task-Audio Fit&#8221;). C&#7847;n s&#7921; s&#225;ng t&#7841;o nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng? Nh&#7841;c <em>Animal Crossing</em> ho&#7863;c <em>Stardew Valley</em> l&#224; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n ho&#224;n h&#7843;o. C&#7847;n ch&#7841;y &#273;ua v&#7899;i deadline (crunch time) hay t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; cao? Nh&#7841;c c&#7911;a <em>DOOM Eternal</em> ho&#7863;c <em>Hades</em> v&#7899;i nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7897; nhanh v&#224; k&#237;ch th&#237;ch adrenaline s&#7869; bi&#7871;n b&#7841;n th&#224;nh m&#7897;t c&#7895; m&#225;y n&#259;ng su&#7845;t. Ch&#250;ng ta &#273;ang s&#7917; d&#7909;ng nh&#7841;c game nh&#432; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i &#8220;thu&#7889;c b&#7893; tr&#7907; nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c&#8221; (cognitive enhancer).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ABB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2015a436-d301-468a-9e53-060140fc28d2_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ABB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2015a436-d301-468a-9e53-060140fc28d2_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ABB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2015a436-d301-468a-9e53-060140fc28d2_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ABB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2015a436-d301-468a-9e53-060140fc28d2_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ABB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2015a436-d301-468a-9e53-060140fc28d2_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ABB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2015a436-d301-468a-9e53-060140fc28d2_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2015a436-d301-468a-9e53-060140fc28d2_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;[OC] I made some zelda themed lofi! Lmk what you guys think! :0 (Artwork by  Midnight Kotatsu)&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="[OC] I made some zelda themed lofi! Lmk what you guys think! :0 (Artwork by  Midnight Kotatsu)" title="[OC] I made some zelda themed lofi! Lmk what you guys think! :0 (Artwork by  Midnight Kotatsu)" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ABB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2015a436-d301-468a-9e53-060140fc28d2_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ABB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2015a436-d301-468a-9e53-060140fc28d2_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ABB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2015a436-d301-468a-9e53-060140fc28d2_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ABB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2015a436-d301-468a-9e53-060140fc28d2_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>S&#7921; c&#244;ng nh&#7853;n c&#7911;a Vi&#7879;n h&#224;n l&#226;m v&#224; Di s&#7843;n Ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t</h4><p>S&#7921; chuy&#7875;n m&#236;nh cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng &#273;&#225;nh d&#7845;u v&#7883; th&#7871; c&#7911;a nh&#7841;c game ch&#237;nh l&#224; s&#7921; c&#244;ng nh&#7853;n t&#7915; gi&#7899;i h&#224;n l&#226;m v&#224; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t d&#242;ng ch&#237;nh. &#272;&#227; qua r&#7891;i th&#7901;i k&#7923; nh&#7841;c game b&#7883; coi l&#224; &#8220;th&#7913; y&#7871;u&#8221;. B&#7843;n &#8220;Baba Yetu&#8221; c&#7911;a Christopher Tin, s&#225;ng t&#225;c cho <em>Civilization IV</em>, &#273;&#227; l&#224;m n&#234;n l&#7883;ch s&#7917; khi tr&#7903; th&#224;nh b&#224;i h&#225;t game &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n gi&#224;nh gi&#7843;i Grammy danh gi&#225;.</p><p>C&#225;c bu&#7893;i h&#242;a nh&#7841;c giao h&#432;&#7903;ng nh&#432; <em>Video Games Live</em>, <em>Distant Worlds: Music from Final Fantasy</em>, hay <em>The Legend of Zelda: Symphony of the Goddesses</em> li&#234;n t&#7909;c ch&#225;y v&#233; t&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng nh&#224; h&#225;t danh ti&#7871;ng nh&#7845;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i nh&#432; Royal Albert Hall hay Carnegie Hall. T&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y, kh&#225;n gi&#7843; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; c&#7847;m tay c&#7847;m ch&#417;i game; h&#7885; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh m&#7863;c vest v&#224; v&#225;y d&#7841; h&#7897;i, &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#7875; th&#432;&#7903;ng th&#7913;c nh&#7919;ng b&#7843;n giao h&#432;&#7903;ng ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p v&#7899;i s&#7921; t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng ngang h&#224;ng v&#7899;i c&#225;c t&#225;c ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a Beethoven, Mozart hay John Williams.</p><p>H&#417;n th&#7871; n&#7919;a, nh&#7841;c game s&#7903; h&#7919;u m&#7897;t ph&#7849;m ch&#7845;t ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t &#273;&#7897;c nh&#7845;t v&#244; nh&#7883; m&#224; ngay c&#7843; nh&#7841;c phim hay nh&#7841;c c&#7893; &#273;i&#7875;n c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243;: <strong>T&#237;nh Th&#237;ch &#7913;ng (Adaptivity)</strong>. Trong m&#7897;t b&#7897; phim, b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c lu&#244;n gi&#7889;ng nhau m&#7895;i l&#7847;n b&#7841;n xem. Nh&#432;ng trong game, b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c l&#224; m&#7897;t sinh v&#7853;t s&#7889;ng. Nh&#7901; c&#225;c h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#226;m thanh t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c (nh&#432; Wwise hay FMOD), b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c c&#243; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i trong th&#7901;i gian th&#7921;c.</p><ul><li><p>B&#7841;n &#273;ang c&#432;&#7905;i ng&#7921;a thong dong? Giai &#273;i&#7879;u violin du d&#432;&#417;ng vang l&#234;n.</p></li><li><p>M&#7897;t k&#7867; &#273;&#7883;ch xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n? L&#7899;p tr&#7889;ng (percussion layer) t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng h&#242;a v&#224;o, t&#259;ng k&#7883;ch t&#237;nh.</p></li><li><p>B&#7841;n b&#7883; th&#432;&#417;ng n&#7863;ng? Giai &#273;i&#7879;u tr&#7903; n&#234;n m&#233;o m&#243; ho&#7863;c tr&#7847;m bu&#7891;n h&#417;n.</p></li></ul><p>C&#225;c nh&#224; so&#7841;n nh&#7841;c game nh&#432; Austin Wintory (<em>Journey</em>) hay Mick Gordon (<em>DOOM</em>) kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; vi&#7871;t nh&#7841;c; h&#7885; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; c&#225;c h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#226;m nh&#7841;c c&#243; t&#432; duy logic. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7881;nh cao c&#7911;a k&#7929; thu&#7853;t v&#224; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t, ch&#7913;ng minh r&#7857;ng nh&#7841;c game kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t nh&#225;nh ph&#7909; c&#7911;a &#226;m nh&#7841;c, m&#224; l&#224; s&#7921; ti&#7871;n h&#243;a ti&#7871;p theo c&#7911;a ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n b&#7857;ng &#226;m thanh.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YrrX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccc0bba0-1e4c-4ce6-9e20-349e12846b9c_2200x1100.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YrrX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccc0bba0-1e4c-4ce6-9e20-349e12846b9c_2200x1100.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YrrX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccc0bba0-1e4c-4ce6-9e20-349e12846b9c_2200x1100.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YrrX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccc0bba0-1e4c-4ce6-9e20-349e12846b9c_2200x1100.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YrrX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccc0bba0-1e4c-4ce6-9e20-349e12846b9c_2200x1100.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YrrX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccc0bba0-1e4c-4ce6-9e20-349e12846b9c_2200x1100.jpeg" width="1456" height="728" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ccc0bba0-1e4c-4ce6-9e20-349e12846b9c_2200x1100.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:728,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Grammy Winner for Best Video Game Soundtrack Announced&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Grammy Winner for Best Video Game Soundtrack Announced" title="Grammy Winner for Best Video Game Soundtrack Announced" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YrrX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccc0bba0-1e4c-4ce6-9e20-349e12846b9c_2200x1100.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YrrX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccc0bba0-1e4c-4ce6-9e20-349e12846b9c_2200x1100.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YrrX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccc0bba0-1e4c-4ce6-9e20-349e12846b9c_2200x1100.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YrrX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fccc0bba0-1e4c-4ce6-9e20-349e12846b9c_2200x1100.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>L&#7901;i k&#7871;t</strong></p><p>Nh&#7841;c n&#7873;n tr&#242; ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng c&#242;n b&#7883; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n trong m&#224;n h&#236;nh TV hay m&#225;y t&#237;nh. N&#243; &#273;&#227; tho&#225;t ly kh&#7887;i v&#7853;t ch&#7911; &#273;&#7875; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh nh&#7841;c n&#7873;n cho cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta. N&#243; gi&#250;p ch&#250;ng ta l&#224;m vi&#7879;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n, n&#243; l&#224; li&#7873;u thu&#7889;c an &#7911;i khi ch&#250;ng ta bu&#7891;n, v&#224; l&#224; ng&#244;n ng&#7919; chung k&#7871;t n&#7889;i h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i qua nh&#7919;ng c&#7843;m x&#250;c &#273;&#7891;ng &#273;i&#7879;u. D&#249; b&#7841;n l&#224; m&#7897;t game th&#7911; k&#7923; c&#7921;u thu&#7897;c l&#242;ng t&#7915;ng n&#7889;t nh&#7841;c c&#7911;a <em>Mario</em>, hay m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng c&#7847;m tay c&#7847;m nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n th&#7845;y b&#236;nh y&#234;n khi nghe nh&#7841;c <em>Animal Crossing</em>, b&#7841;n &#273;&#7873;u &#273;ang th&#7909; h&#432;&#7903;ng m&#7897;t di s&#7843;n v&#259;n h&#243;a &#273;&#7897;c &#273;&#225;o, m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh &#8220;nh&#7841;c c&#7893; &#273;i&#7875;n m&#7899;i&#8221; c&#7911;a th&#7871; k&#7927; 21.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>&#127925; <strong>B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u v&#224; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng &#226;m thanh trong game?</strong><br>H&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; tham gia l&#7899;p h&#7885;c &#8220;C&#7843;m t&#236;nh Thanh &#194;m&#8221; c&#7911;a Ludo School &#273;&#7875; r&#232;n luy&#7879;n k&#7929; n&#259;ng c&#7843;m th&#7909; v&#224; t&#432; duy &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng Audio Direction, gi&#250;p b&#7841;n l&#224;m vi&#7879;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; &#226;m thanh!</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c</span></a></p></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Tiếng "tinh" quen thuộc kích hoạt trung tâm khoái cảm của não bộ]]></title><description><![CDATA[L&#253; gi&#7843;i t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c &#273;&#7857;ng sau &#226;m thanh th&#244;ng b&#225;o v&#224; ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng, c&#225;ch ch&#250;ng x&#226;y d&#7921;ng ph&#7843;n x&#7841; c&#243; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n m&#7841;nh m&#7869;]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/tieng-tinh-quen-thuoc-kich-hoat-trung</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/tieng-tinh-quen-thuoc-kich-hoat-trung</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:01:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dWeE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab3a5512-e7fb-456b-a9b1-6a0e80987b3e_1024x640.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dWeE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab3a5512-e7fb-456b-a9b1-6a0e80987b3e_1024x640.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dWeE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab3a5512-e7fb-456b-a9b1-6a0e80987b3e_1024x640.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dWeE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab3a5512-e7fb-456b-a9b1-6a0e80987b3e_1024x640.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dWeE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab3a5512-e7fb-456b-a9b1-6a0e80987b3e_1024x640.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dWeE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab3a5512-e7fb-456b-a9b1-6a0e80987b3e_1024x640.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dWeE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab3a5512-e7fb-456b-a9b1-6a0e80987b3e_1024x640.jpeg" width="1024" height="640" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ab3a5512-e7fb-456b-a9b1-6a0e80987b3e_1024x640.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:640,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;rshueguzwnndtwdtquuk | Experiment&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="rshueguzwnndtwdtquuk | Experiment" title="rshueguzwnndtwdtquuk | Experiment" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dWeE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab3a5512-e7fb-456b-a9b1-6a0e80987b3e_1024x640.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dWeE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab3a5512-e7fb-456b-a9b1-6a0e80987b3e_1024x640.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dWeE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab3a5512-e7fb-456b-a9b1-6a0e80987b3e_1024x640.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dWeE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab3a5512-e7fb-456b-a9b1-6a0e80987b3e_1024x640.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>H&#227;y th&#7917; t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng: b&#7841;n &#273;ang ng&#7891;i l&#224;m vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p trung cao &#273;&#7897;, b&#7895;ng nhi&#234;n &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i c&#7911;a b&#7841;n ph&#225;t ra m&#7897;t ti&#7871;ng &#8220;tinh&#8221; nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng, ng&#7855;n g&#7885;n. Ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c, v&#224; g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng t&#7921; ch&#7911;, s&#7921; t&#7853;p trung c&#7911;a b&#7841;n b&#7883; ph&#225; v&#7905;. M&#7855;t b&#7841;n li&#7871;c v&#7873; ph&#237;a m&#224;n h&#236;nh, tay b&#7841;n v&#432;&#417;n ra, tim b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7853;p nhanh h&#417;n m&#7897;t ch&#250;t. Ho&#7863;c trong m&#7897;t tr&#242; ch&#417;i, khi b&#7841;n ho&#224;n th&#224;nh m&#7897;t nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; kh&#243; kh&#259;n, m&#7897;t &#226;m thanh chi&#7871;n th&#7855;ng vang l&#234;n gi&#242;n gi&#227;, k&#232;m theo ti&#7871;ng ti&#7873;n xu r&#417;i leng keng, v&#224; b&#7841;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y m&#7897;t lu&#7891;ng h&#432;ng ph&#7845;n ch&#7841;y d&#7885;c s&#7889;ng l&#432;ng, x&#243;a tan m&#7885;i m&#7879;t m&#7887;i tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;.</p><p>T&#7841;i sao nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, ch&#7881; k&#233;o d&#224;i ch&#432;a &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t gi&#226;y &#273;&#243; l&#7841;i c&#243; quy&#7873;n n&#259;ng l&#7899;n &#273;&#7871;n v&#7853;y &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i h&#224;nh vi v&#224; c&#7843;m x&#250;c c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta? T&#7841;i sao ch&#250;ng ta l&#7841;i c&#7843;m th&#7845;y b&#7913;t r&#7913;t n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng ki&#7875;m tra c&#225;i ti&#7871;ng &#8220;b&#237;p&#8221; &#273;&#243;?</p><p>C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; b&#7843;n th&#226;n &#226;m thanh &#273;&#243; (v&#7873; m&#7863;t v&#7853;t l&#253;, n&#243; ch&#7881; l&#224; s&#243;ng dao &#273;&#7897;ng kh&#244;ng kh&#237;), m&#224; n&#7857;m &#7903; c&#225;ch b&#7897; n&#227;o c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#8220;l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh l&#7841;i&#8221; &#273;&#7875; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng v&#7899;i n&#243;. Nh&#7919;ng ti&#7871;ng &#8220;tinh&#8221;, &#8220;keng&#8221;, hay &#8220;b&#237;p&#8221; &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; t&#237;n hi&#7879;u th&#244;ng b&#225;o th&#244;ng tin; ch&#250;ng l&#224; nh&#7919;ng m&#361;i ti&#234;m dopamine k&#7929; thu&#7853;t s&#7889;. Ch&#250;ng l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng tri&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; v&#224; tinh vi c&#225;c nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c h&#224;nh vi, bi&#7871;n ch&#250;ng ta th&#224;nh nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng th&#237; nghi&#7879;m trong m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c l&#7891;ng Skinner kh&#7893;ng l&#7891;. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y s&#7869; gi&#7843;i m&#227; c&#417; ch&#7871; th&#7847;n kinh &#273;&#7857;ng sau nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh n&#224;y v&#224; c&#225;ch c&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ch&#250;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh th&#243;i quen, th&#7853;m ch&#237; l&#224; s&#7921; nghi&#7879;n ng&#7853;p c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.ludo.school/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#128276; <strong>B&#7841;n c&#243; mu&#7889;n hi&#7875;u r&#245; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; &#273;ang di&#7877;n ra trong &#273;&#7847;u m&#236;nh khi ch&#417;i game? </strong>H&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n newsletter c&#7911;a Ludo School &#273;&#7875; kh&#225;m ph&#225; nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#226;u s&#7855;c v&#7873; t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c h&#224;nh vi v&#224; c&#225;ch n&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h4>Ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ch&#250; ch&#243; c&#7911;a Pavlov</h4><p>N&#259;m 1890, nh&#224; sinh l&#253; h&#7885;c ng&#432;&#7901;i Nga Ivan Pavlov &#273;&#227; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t th&#237; nghi&#7879;m l&#224;m thay &#273;&#7893;i l&#7883;ch s&#7917; t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c: &#244;ng rung m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c chu&#244;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c khi cho ch&#243; &#259;n. Ban &#273;&#7847;u, ti&#7871;ng chu&#244;ng ch&#7859;ng c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a g&#236; v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ch&#250; ch&#243;. Nh&#432;ng sau nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n l&#7863;p l&#7841;i quy tr&#236;nh &#8220;Chu&#244;ng -&gt; Th&#7883;t&#8221;, n&#227;o b&#7897; c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng &#273;&#227; h&#236;nh th&#224;nh m&#7897;t li&#234;n k&#7871;t th&#7847;n kinh m&#7899;i. Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, ch&#7881; c&#7847;n nghe ti&#7871;ng chu&#244;ng, nh&#7919;ng ch&#250; ch&#243; &#273;&#227; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u ti&#7871;t n&#432;&#7899;c b&#7885;t &#273;&#7847;m &#273;&#236;a ngay c&#7843; khi kh&#244;ng c&#243; th&#7913;c &#259;n. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; <strong>Ph&#7843;n x&#7841; c&#243; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n (Classical Conditioning)</strong>.</p><p>Trong th&#7871; gi&#7899;i hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i, c&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game v&#224; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; l&#224; Pavlov, c&#242;n ch&#250;ng ta... ch&#237;nh l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ch&#250; ch&#243; &#273;&#243;. H&#227;y ngh&#297; v&#7873; ti&#7871;ng thu th&#7853;p &#273;&#7891;ng xu kinh &#273;i&#7875;n trong <em>Super Mario Bros.</em> hay ti&#7871;ng &#8220;ding&#8221; khi l&#234;n c&#7845;p trong <em>World of Warcraft</em>.</p><ul><li><p><strong>K&#237;ch th&#237;ch kh&#244;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n (Ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871;):</strong> Ni&#7873;m vui khi nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#7853;t ph&#7849;m, c&#7843;m gi&#225;c m&#7841;nh m&#7869; h&#417;n, l&#7901;i khen ng&#7907;i, ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t tin nh&#7855;n quan t&#226;m t&#7915; b&#7841;n b&#232;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n khi&#7871;n ch&#250;ng ta vui s&#432;&#7899;ng.</p></li><li><p><strong>K&#237;ch th&#237;ch c&#243; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n (T&#237;n hi&#7879;u):</strong> Ti&#7871;ng &#8220;tinh&#8221;, ti&#7871;ng nh&#7841;c hi&#7879;u, ti&#7871;ng rung.</p></li></ul><p>Qua h&#224;ng tr&#259;m, h&#224;ng ng&#224;n l&#7847;n l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, n&#227;o b&#7897; c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta &#8220;h&#224;n&#8221; ch&#7863;t hai th&#7913; n&#224;y l&#7841;i v&#7899;i nhau. N&#243; h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#7857;ng &#8220;&#194;m thanh X = Ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng Y&#8221;. Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, b&#7843;n th&#226;n &#226;m thanh &#273;&#243; <em>tr&#7903; th&#224;nh</em> ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng (secondary reinforcer). Ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n nh&#236;n th&#7845;y v&#7853;t ph&#7849;m &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y vui; ch&#7881; c&#7847;n nghe th&#7845;y &#226;m thanh r&#417;i &#273;&#7891; (loot drop sound) l&#224; n&#227;o b&#7897; &#273;&#227; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t trung t&#226;m kho&#225;i c&#7843;m. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; l&#253; do t&#7841;i sao vi&#7879;c &#273;&#225;nh d&#7845;u v&#224;o &#244; &#8220;ho&#224;n th&#224;nh nhi&#7879;m v&#7909;&#8221; trong c&#225;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng to-do list l&#7841;i mang l&#7841;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c th&#7887;a m&#227;n k&#7923; l&#7841; &#273;&#7871;n th&#7871; (&#8221;swoosh!&#8221;), d&#249; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#243; th&#7875; r&#7845;t nh&#224;m ch&#225;n nh&#432; &#8220;&#273;&#7893; r&#225;c&#8221;. &#194;m thanh &#273;&#243; n&#243;i v&#7899;i n&#227;o b&#7897; r&#7857;ng: &#8220;Ng&#432;&#417;i &#273;&#227; l&#224;m t&#7889;t l&#7855;m, h&#227;y th&#432; gi&#227;n &#273;i&#8221;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b75F!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aa9032b-9173-4cd9-bcdc-7f5bb506901a_1920x1440.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b75F!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aa9032b-9173-4cd9-bcdc-7f5bb506901a_1920x1440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b75F!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aa9032b-9173-4cd9-bcdc-7f5bb506901a_1920x1440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b75F!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aa9032b-9173-4cd9-bcdc-7f5bb506901a_1920x1440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b75F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aa9032b-9173-4cd9-bcdc-7f5bb506901a_1920x1440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b75F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aa9032b-9173-4cd9-bcdc-7f5bb506901a_1920x1440.jpeg" width="1456" height="1092" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7aa9032b-9173-4cd9-bcdc-7f5bb506901a_1920x1440.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1092,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Pavlov's Dogs Experiment &amp; Pavlovian Conditioning Response&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Pavlov's Dogs Experiment &amp; Pavlovian Conditioning Response" title="Pavlov's Dogs Experiment &amp; Pavlovian Conditioning Response" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b75F!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aa9032b-9173-4cd9-bcdc-7f5bb506901a_1920x1440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b75F!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aa9032b-9173-4cd9-bcdc-7f5bb506901a_1920x1440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b75F!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aa9032b-9173-4cd9-bcdc-7f5bb506901a_1920x1440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b75F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7aa9032b-9173-4cd9-bcdc-7f5bb506901a_1920x1440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Dopamine: H&#243;a ch&#7845;t c&#7911;a s&#7921; Mong &#273;&#7907;i v&#224; L&#7895;i D&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n</h4><p>Nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7847;m t&#432;&#7903;ng dopamine l&#224; h&#243;a ch&#7845;t c&#7911;a &#8220;ni&#7873;m vui&#8221; (liking). Th&#7921;c t&#7871;, khoa h&#7885;c th&#7847;n kinh ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng dopamine ch&#7911; y&#7871;u li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n <strong>s&#7921; mong &#273;&#7907;i (anticipation)</strong> v&#224; <strong>ham mu&#7889;n (wanting)</strong>. N&#243; kh&#244;ng l&#224;m b&#7841;n th&#7887;a m&#227;n; n&#243; th&#244;i th&#250;c b&#7841;n h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m s&#7921; th&#7887;a m&#227;n.</p><p>&#194;m thanh &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; l&#224; ng&#242;i n&#7893; (trigger) cho s&#7921; gi&#7843;i ph&#243;ng dopamine n&#224;y. Khi b&#7841;n nghe ti&#7871;ng th&#244;ng b&#225;o tin nh&#7855;n, m&#7913;c dopamine trong n&#227;o t&#259;ng v&#7885;t <em>tr&#432;&#7899;c khi</em> b&#7841;n th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;&#7885;c tin nh&#7855;n. N&#243; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t c&#7843;m gi&#225;c th&#244;i th&#250;c, m&#7897;t &#8220;c&#417;n ng&#7913;a&#8221; t&#226;m l&#253; bu&#7897;c b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng (m&#7903; app, vu&#7889;t m&#224;n h&#236;nh) &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;i t&#7887;a c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng &#273;&#243;.</p><p>C&#225;c m&#225;y &#273;&#225;nh b&#7841;c (slot machines) v&#224; Loot Box trong game l&#224; nh&#7919;ng b&#7853;c th&#7847;y &#273;en t&#7889;i trong vi&#7879;c khai th&#225;c c&#417; ch&#7871; n&#224;y th&#244;ng qua <strong>&#8220;L&#7895;i D&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n Ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng&#8221; (Reward Prediction Error)</strong>.</p><ol><li><p><strong>D&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n:</strong> Khi b&#7841;n quay s&#7889; ho&#7863;c m&#7903; r&#432;&#417;ng, &#226;m thanh b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u d&#7891;n d&#7853;p, t&#7841;o ra d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n v&#7873; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng l&#7899;n.</p></li><li><p><strong>K&#7871;t qu&#7843;:</strong></p><ul><li><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7855;ng: &#194;m thanh b&#249;ng n&#7893;, &#273;&#232;n nh&#7845;p nh&#225;y. Dopamine t&#259;ng v&#7885;t v&#236; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#7889;t h&#417;n mong &#273;&#7907;i.</p></li><li><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n thua: M&#225;y th&#432;&#7901;ng im l&#7863;ng ho&#7863;c ph&#225;t &#226;m thanh tr&#7847;m bu&#7891;n. Dopamine s&#7909;t gi&#7843;m.</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>&#7842;o gi&#225;c (Near-miss):</strong> &#272;&#226;y l&#224; &#273;i&#7875;m m&#7845;u ch&#7889;t. Khi b&#7841;n quay ra k&#7871;t qu&#7843; &#8220;g&#7847;n tr&#250;ng&#8221; (v&#237; d&#7909;: 2 s&#7889; 7 v&#224; 1 s&#7889; 6), m&#225;y s&#7869; ph&#225;t ra &#226;m thanh <em>g&#7847;n gi&#7889;ng</em> nh&#432; khi th&#7855;ng, nh&#432;ng b&#7883; ng&#7855;t qu&#227;ng. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y &#273;&#225;nh l&#7915;a n&#227;o b&#7897; r&#7857;ng &#8220;B&#7841;n su&#253;t th&#7855;ng r&#7891;i! Th&#7917; l&#7841;i &#273;i!&#8221;. Hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; <strong>&#8220;Thua l&#7895; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ng&#7909;y trang th&#224;nh Chi&#7871;n th&#7855;ng&#8221; (Losses Disguised as Wins - LDWs)</strong>. M&#7863;c d&#249; b&#7841;n m&#7845;t ti&#7873;n, nh&#432;ng &#226;m thanh vui nh&#7897;n khi&#7871;n n&#227;o b&#7897; ti&#7871;t ra dopamine nh&#432; th&#7875; b&#7841;n &#273;ang chi&#7871;n th&#7855;ng, gi&#7919; ch&#226;n b&#7841;n trong v&#242;ng l&#7863;p nghi&#7879;n ng&#7853;p.</p></li></ol><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsg6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec95077f-82f3-40ba-b76e-41fa0cff991a_1400x1400.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsg6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec95077f-82f3-40ba-b76e-41fa0cff991a_1400x1400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsg6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec95077f-82f3-40ba-b76e-41fa0cff991a_1400x1400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsg6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec95077f-82f3-40ba-b76e-41fa0cff991a_1400x1400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsg6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec95077f-82f3-40ba-b76e-41fa0cff991a_1400x1400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsg6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec95077f-82f3-40ba-b76e-41fa0cff991a_1400x1400.jpeg" width="1400" height="1400" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ec95077f-82f3-40ba-b76e-41fa0cff991a_1400x1400.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1400,&quot;width&quot;:1400,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;How Dopamine Fasting Trains Your Brain to Enjoy Doing Hard Things | by Jari  Roomer | Curated Newsletters | Medium&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="How Dopamine Fasting Trains Your Brain to Enjoy Doing Hard Things | by Jari  Roomer | Curated Newsletters | Medium" title="How Dopamine Fasting Trains Your Brain to Enjoy Doing Hard Things | by Jari  Roomer | Curated Newsletters | Medium" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsg6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec95077f-82f3-40ba-b76e-41fa0cff991a_1400x1400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsg6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec95077f-82f3-40ba-b76e-41fa0cff991a_1400x1400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsg6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec95077f-82f3-40ba-b76e-41fa0cff991a_1400x1400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nsg6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec95077f-82f3-40ba-b76e-41fa0cff991a_1400x1400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#194;m thanh &#273;&#7875; X&#226;y d&#7921;ng Th&#243;i quen (Hook Model)</h4><p>Hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh n&#224;y, c&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game h&#243;a (gamification) s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#226;m thanh (audio feedback) nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; c&#7889;t l&#245;i trong &#8220;M&#244; h&#236;nh Hook&#8221; (Hook Model) &#273;&#7875; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng th&#243;i quen ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i t&#7913;c th&#236; v&#224; Nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c (Instant Feedback):</strong> T&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; x&#7917; l&#253; &#226;m thanh c&#7911;a n&#227;o b&#7897; nhanh h&#417;n th&#7883; gi&#225;c r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u (ch&#7881; m&#7845;t kho&#7843;ng 8-10ms &#273;&#7875; t&#237;n hi&#7879;u &#273;&#7871;n n&#227;o, so v&#7899;i 20-40ms c&#7911;a th&#7883; gi&#225;c). Trong c&#225;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng h&#7885;c t&#7853;p nh&#432; Duolingo, &#226;m thanh &#8220;tinh&#8221; (khi &#273;&#250;ng) ho&#7863;c ti&#7871;ng &#8220;b&#237;p&#8221; tr&#7847;m (khi sai) xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c sau khi b&#7845;m n&#250;t. S&#7921; ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i t&#7913;c th&#236; n&#224;y gi&#250;p n&#227;o b&#7897; c&#7911;ng c&#7889; h&#224;nh vi h&#7885;c t&#7853;p c&#7921;c k&#7923; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, t&#7841;o ra c&#7843;m gi&#225;c ti&#7871;n b&#7897; li&#234;n t&#7909;c m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7885;c d&#242;ng ch&#7919; &#8220;Ch&#237;nh x&#225;c&#8221;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#272;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh c&#7843;m x&#250;c qua &#194;m nh&#7841;c (Emotional Shaping):</strong> C&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#226;m thanh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng l&#253; thuy&#7871;t &#226;m nh&#7841;c &#273;&#7875; thao t&#250;ng c&#7843;m x&#250;c ti&#7873;m th&#7913;c.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Th&#224;nh c&#244;ng:</strong> Th&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c h&#7907;p &#226;m tr&#432;&#7903;ng (Major chords) v&#224; c&#225;c qu&#227;ng thu&#7853;n (consonant intervals) &#273;i l&#234;n, t&#7841;o c&#7843;m gi&#225;c ho&#224;n thi&#7879;n, t&#237;ch c&#7921;c v&#224; gi&#7843;i t&#7887;a.</p></li><li><p><strong>Th&#7845;t b&#7841;i/C&#7843;nh b&#225;o:</strong> S&#7917; d&#7909;ng h&#7907;p &#226;m th&#7913; (Minor chords) ho&#7863;c c&#225;c qu&#227;ng ngh&#7883;ch (dissonant) g&#226;y c&#7843;m gi&#225;c c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng, ch&#432;a ho&#224;n thi&#7879;n, th&#244;i th&#250;c ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ph&#7843;i &#8220;s&#7917;a sai&#8221; &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m l&#7841;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c h&#224;i h&#242;a. S&#7921; t&#432;&#417;ng ph&#7843;n n&#224;y h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng &#273;i theo con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng mong mu&#7889;n m&#7897;t c&#225;ch v&#244; th&#7913;c.</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u &#226;m thanh (Sonic Branding &amp; Priming):</strong> Ti&#7871;ng kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7897;ng 3 gi&#226;y c&#7911;a Netflix (&#8221;Ta-dum!&#8221;), ti&#7871;ng leng keng c&#7911;a Intel, hay ti&#7871;ng kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a Windows. Nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh n&#224;y (sonic mnemonics) c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng m&#7891;i (priming). Ch&#7881; c&#7847;n nghe ti&#7871;ng &#8220;Ta-dum&#8221;, n&#227;o b&#7897; b&#7841;n ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c chuy&#7875;n sang ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#8220;th&#432; gi&#227;n/gi&#7843;i tr&#237;&#8221;, k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t c&#225;c k&#253; &#7913;c vui v&#7867; v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng b&#7897; phim &#273;&#227; xem, v&#224; l&#224;m gi&#7843;m s&#7921; kh&#225;ng c&#7921; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c ng&#7891;i xu&#7889;ng xem phim h&#224;ng gi&#7901; li&#7873;n. N&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t l&#7889;i t&#7855;t &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng v&#224;o tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i t&#226;m l&#253; mong mu&#7889;n (Flow state) nhanh nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875;.</p></li></ol><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8-49!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9eebf665-3e1b-4b82-86ac-f7ad42ab5930_1080x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8-49!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9eebf665-3e1b-4b82-86ac-f7ad42ab5930_1080x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8-49!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9eebf665-3e1b-4b82-86ac-f7ad42ab5930_1080x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8-49!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9eebf665-3e1b-4b82-86ac-f7ad42ab5930_1080x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8-49!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9eebf665-3e1b-4b82-86ac-f7ad42ab5930_1080x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8-49!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9eebf665-3e1b-4b82-86ac-f7ad42ab5930_1080x1080.jpeg" width="1080" height="1080" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9eebf665-3e1b-4b82-86ac-f7ad42ab5930_1080x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1080,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Hear, hear! It's time to tune your ear... with Audio Lessons! &#127911; Available  for French learners on iOS, these short audio-only lessons will help  improve your listening and speaking skills with a&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Hear, hear! It's time to tune your ear... with Audio Lessons! &#127911; Available  for French learners on iOS, these short audio-only lessons will help  improve your listening and speaking skills with a" title="Hear, hear! It's time to tune your ear... with Audio Lessons! &#127911; Available  for French learners on iOS, these short audio-only lessons will help  improve your listening and speaking skills with a" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8-49!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9eebf665-3e1b-4b82-86ac-f7ad42ab5930_1080x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8-49!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9eebf665-3e1b-4b82-86ac-f7ad42ab5930_1080x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8-49!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9eebf665-3e1b-4b82-86ac-f7ad42ab5930_1080x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8-49!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9eebf665-3e1b-4b82-86ac-f7ad42ab5930_1080x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>L&#7901;i k&#7871;t</strong></p><p>&#194;m thanh kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; l&#224; v&#244; t&#7897;i hay ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n. Trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c, n&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; t&#226;m l&#253; m&#7841;nh m&#7869; c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng x&#226;m nh&#7853;p tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#224;o h&#7879; th&#7889;ng limbic (c&#7843;m x&#250;c) v&#224; h&#7841;ch n&#7873;n (th&#243;i quen) c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta, b&#7887; qua l&#7899;p v&#7887; n&#227;o t&#432; duy logic. Ti&#7871;ng &#8220;tinh&#8221; &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t th&#244;ng b&#225;o; n&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t m&#7879;nh l&#7879;nh sinh h&#7885;c, m&#7897;t l&#7901;i h&#7913;a v&#7873; ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng, v&#224; l&#224; s&#7907;i d&#226;y v&#244; h&#236;nh k&#7871;t n&#7889;i h&#224;nh vi c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta v&#7899;i &#253; &#273;&#7891; c&#7911;a nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871;.</p><p>Hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#417; ch&#7871; n&#224;y mang l&#7841;i hai l&#7907;i &#237;ch. V&#7899;i t&#432; c&#225;ch l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng, ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#224;nh l&#7841;i quy&#7873;n ki&#7875;m so&#225;t s&#7921; ch&#250; &#253; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch t&#7855;t b&#7899;t c&#225;c th&#244;ng b&#225;o kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t (ph&#225; v&#7905; li&#234;n k&#7871;t Pavlov). V&#7899;i t&#432; c&#225;ch l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i thi&#7871;t k&#7871;, ch&#250;ng ta c&#7847;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng quy&#7873;n n&#259;ng n&#224;y m&#7897;t c&#225;ch c&#243; &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c: s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#226;m thanh &#273;&#7875; khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch nh&#7919;ng th&#243;i quen t&#237;ch c&#7921;c (nh&#432; h&#7885;c t&#7853;p, t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c) thay v&#236; khai th&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m y&#7871;u t&#226;m l&#253; &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra s&#7921; nghi&#7879;n ng&#7853;p v&#244; b&#7893;.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>&#127925; <strong>B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u v&#224; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng &#226;m thanh trong game?</strong><br>H&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; tham gia l&#7899;p h&#7885;c &#8220;C&#7843;m t&#236;nh Thanh &#194;m&#8221; c&#7911;a Ludo School &#273;&#7875; r&#232;n luy&#7879;n k&#7929; n&#259;ng c&#7843;m th&#7909; v&#224; t&#432; duy &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng Audio Direction, gi&#250;p b&#7841;n l&#224;m vi&#7879;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; &#226;m thanh!</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c</span></a></p></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Tiếng động nhỏ tạo nên sức nặng lớn cho hành động ảo]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch vai tr&#242; c&#7911;a hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng &#226;m thanh (SFX) trong vi&#7879;c t&#7841;o ra c&#7843;m gi&#225;c v&#7853;t l&#253; v&#224; s&#7921; th&#7887;a m&#227;n khi t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c.]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/tieng-ong-nho-tao-nen-suc-nang-lon</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/tieng-ong-nho-tao-nen-suc-nang-lon</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2026 00:25:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i9vL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7f2dfa3-8f6e-4f22-a990-2709c1f98fbf_1920x1200.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i9vL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7f2dfa3-8f6e-4f22-a990-2709c1f98fbf_1920x1200.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i9vL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7f2dfa3-8f6e-4f22-a990-2709c1f98fbf_1920x1200.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i9vL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7f2dfa3-8f6e-4f22-a990-2709c1f98fbf_1920x1200.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i9vL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7f2dfa3-8f6e-4f22-a990-2709c1f98fbf_1920x1200.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i9vL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7f2dfa3-8f6e-4f22-a990-2709c1f98fbf_1920x1200.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i9vL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7f2dfa3-8f6e-4f22-a990-2709c1f98fbf_1920x1200.jpeg" width="1456" height="910" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e7f2dfa3-8f6e-4f22-a990-2709c1f98fbf_1920x1200.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:910,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;How to Become a Video Game Audio Designer - Berklee Online Take Note&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="How to Become a Video Game Audio Designer - Berklee Online Take Note" title="How to Become a Video Game Audio Designer - Berklee Online Take Note" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i9vL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7f2dfa3-8f6e-4f22-a990-2709c1f98fbf_1920x1200.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i9vL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7f2dfa3-8f6e-4f22-a990-2709c1f98fbf_1920x1200.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i9vL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7f2dfa3-8f6e-4f22-a990-2709c1f98fbf_1920x1200.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i9vL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7f2dfa3-8f6e-4f22-a990-2709c1f98fbf_1920x1200.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Khi ch&#250;ng ta n&#243;i v&#7873; &#273;&#7891; h&#7885;a c&#7911;a m&#7897;t tr&#242; ch&#417;i, ch&#250;ng ta th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#249;ng nh&#7919;ng t&#7915; ng&#7919; mi&#234;u t&#7843; th&#7883; gi&#225;c nh&#432; &#8220;r&#7921;c r&#7905;&#8221;, &#8220;chi ti&#7871;t&#8221; hay &#8220;ch&#226;n th&#7921;c&#8221;. Ch&#250;ng ta tr&#7847;m tr&#7891; tr&#432;&#7899;c c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; Ray Tracing hay &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n gi&#7843;i 4K. Nh&#432;ng khi n&#243;i v&#7873; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c ch&#417;i, v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; tr&#7915;u t&#432;&#7907;ng h&#417;n nh&#432; vi&#7879;c m&#7897;t m&#243;n v&#361; kh&#237; c&#243; &#8220;l&#7921;c&#8221; hay kh&#244;ng, m&#7897;t c&#250; nh&#7843;y c&#243; &#8220;&#273;&#227;&#8221; hay kh&#244;ng, hay m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c xe c&#243; &#8220;b&#225;m &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng&#8221; hay kh&#244;ng, ch&#250;ng ta th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t &#273;ang n&#243;i v&#7873; &#226;m thanh nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n l&#224; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh.</p><p>Trong th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#7843;o, n&#417;i kh&#244;ng c&#243; tr&#7885;ng l&#7921;c th&#7921;c t&#7871; v&#224; c&#225;c v&#7853;t th&#7875; ch&#7881; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#273;a gi&#225;c r&#7895;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#244; m&#224;u, &#226;m thanh &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; l&#224; m&#7887; neo v&#7853;t l&#253; duy nh&#7845;t. Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#7847;m tr&#234;n tay m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c tay c&#7847;m nh&#7921;a nh&#7865; b&#7851;ng, nh&#432;ng tr&#234;n m&#224;n h&#236;nh, nh&#226;n v&#7853;t c&#7911;a h&#7885; &#273;ang n&#226;ng c&#7843; m&#7897;t ng&#7885;n n&#250;i. L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; thu h&#7865;p kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch phi l&#253; &#273;&#243;? &#194;m thanh ch&#237;nh l&#224; ch&#7845;t keo d&#237;nh. N&#243; l&#224; th&#7913; duy nh&#7845;t n&#243;i v&#7899;i b&#7897; n&#227;o c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta r&#7857;ng v&#7853;t th&#7875; n&#224;y n&#7863;ng bao nhi&#234;u, va ch&#7841;m &#273;&#243; m&#7841;nh th&#7871; n&#224;o v&#224; b&#7873; m&#7863;t kia c&#7913;ng hay m&#7873;m. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y s&#7869; kh&#225;m ph&#225; c&#225;ch nh&#7919;ng ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7897;ng nh&#7887; b&#233;, th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7883; b&#7887; qua, l&#7841;i ch&#237;nh l&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7913;c n&#7863;ng v&#224; s&#7921; hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#7885;i h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng trong game.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.ludo.school/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"><strong>&#127911; B&#7841;n c&#243; mu&#7889;n l&#7855;ng nghe nh&#7919;ng b&#237; m&#7853;t &#7849;n sau m&#224;n h&#236;nh?</strong> H&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n newsletter c&#7911;a Ludo School &#273;&#7875; kh&#225;m ph&#225; c&#225;ch c&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#226;m thanh v&#224; t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh l&#7915;a c&#225;c gi&#225;c quan c&#7911;a b&#7841;n!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h4>&#7842;o gi&#225;c v&#7873; Tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#224; V&#7853;t ch&#7845;t</h4><p>L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t chi&#7871;c b&#250;a Leviathan c&#7911;a Kratos trong <em>God of War</em> n&#7863;ng h&#224;ng t&#7845;n, hay thanh ki&#7871;m Dragonslayer trong <em>Berserk</em> th&#7921;c s&#7921; l&#224; m&#7897;t kh&#7889;i s&#7855;t kh&#7893;ng l&#7891;? Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ch&#7881; v&#236; ho&#7841;t &#7843;nh vung tay ch&#7853;m ch&#7841;p hay c&#225;ch camera rung l&#7855;c. Y&#7871;u t&#7889; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh ch&#237;nh l&#224; ti&#7871;ng &#8220;B&#217;M&#8221; tr&#7847;m &#273;&#7909;c, vang r&#7873;n &#7903; c&#225;c t&#7847;n s&#7889; h&#7841; &#226;m (sub-bass) khi n&#243; ch&#7841;m &#273;&#7845;t. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n thay &#226;m thanh &#273;&#243; b&#7857;ng ti&#7871;ng &#8220;b&#7889;p&#8221; c&#7911;a m&#7897;t qu&#7843; b&#243;ng nh&#7921;a hay ti&#7871;ng kim lo&#7841;i lo&#7843;ng xo&#7843;ng m&#7887;ng manh, to&#224;n b&#7897; &#7843;o gi&#225;c v&#7873; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh s&#7869; tan bi&#7871;n ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c. M&#7855;t b&#7841;n th&#7845;y m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7893;ng l&#7891;, nh&#432;ng tai b&#7841;n l&#7841;i nghe th&#7845;y m&#7897;t m&#243;n &#273;&#7891; ch&#417;i. V&#224; trong cu&#7897;c chi&#7871;n gi&#7919;a m&#7855;t v&#224; tai, tai th&#432;&#7901;ng chi&#7871;n th&#7855;ng khi &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; v&#7873; v&#7853;t l&#253;.</p><p>C&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#226;m thanh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c t&#7847;n s&#7889; th&#7845;p &#273;&#7875; truy&#7873;n t&#7843;i kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng (mass). M&#7897;t nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c c&#417; b&#7843;n l&#224;: v&#7853;t th&#7875; c&#224;ng l&#7899;n, &#226;m thanh c&#224;ng tr&#7847;m v&#224; k&#233;o d&#224;i (sustain). M&#7897;t ti&#7871;ng b&#432;&#7899;c ch&#226;n c&#7911;a robot kh&#7893;ng l&#7891; trong <em>Titanfall</em> kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; ti&#7871;ng kim lo&#7841;i va ch&#7841;m; n&#243; bao g&#7891;m m&#7897;t l&#7899;p &#226;m tr&#7847;m rung chuy&#7875;n (rumble) m&#244; ph&#7887;ng s&#7921; ch&#7845;n &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a m&#7863;t &#273;&#7845;t. Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, ti&#7871;ng b&#432;&#7899;c ch&#226;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ninja s&#7869; lo&#7841;i b&#7887; ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#225;c t&#7847;n s&#7889; th&#7845;p, t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o c&#225;c t&#7847;n s&#7889; cao (treble) c&#7911;a v&#7843;i v&#243;c c&#7885; x&#225;t v&#224; ti&#7871;ng ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7845;t nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng, t&#7841;o ra c&#7843;m gi&#225;c nhanh nh&#7865;n, kh&#244;ng tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng.</p><p>H&#417;n n&#7919;a, &#226;m thanh c&#242;n &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a v&#7853;t ch&#7845;t v&#224; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng, cung c&#7845;p th&#244;ng tin chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t quan tr&#7885;ng m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n nh&#236;n. Trong <em>Dark Souls</em>, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; bi&#7871;t m&#236;nh &#273;ang m&#7863;c b&#7897; gi&#225;p n&#7863;ng hay nh&#7865; ch&#7881; qua ti&#7871;ng l&#225;ch c&#225;ch khi l&#259;n (dodge roll). B&#7841;n bi&#7871;t m&#236;nh &#273;ang &#273;i tr&#234;n &#273;&#225;, g&#7895; m&#7909;c, hay v&#361;ng n&#432;&#7899;c ch&#7881; b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch l&#7855;ng nghe. Ch&#237;nh nh&#7919;ng ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i th&#237;nh gi&#225;c li&#234;n t&#7909;c n&#224;y (Foley sound) gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i x&#226;y d&#7921;ng m&#7897;t b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; v&#7853;t l&#253; trong &#273;&#7847;u v&#7873; th&#7871; gi&#7899;i xung quanh. Khi &#226;m thanh ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i ch&#237;nh x&#225;c v&#7899;i v&#7853;t li&#7879;u, n&#243; khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i tin r&#7857;ng m&#236;nh &#273;ang t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i m&#7897;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i v&#7853;t ch&#7845;t r&#7855;n ch&#7855;c, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;ang l&#432;&#7899;t &#273;i trong m&#7897;t kh&#244;ng gian 3D v&#244; h&#7891;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6ft!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0774b6-f132-44da-ae15-3160ff1ec2a0_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6ft!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0774b6-f132-44da-ae15-3160ff1ec2a0_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6ft!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0774b6-f132-44da-ae15-3160ff1ec2a0_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6ft!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0774b6-f132-44da-ae15-3160ff1ec2a0_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6ft!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0774b6-f132-44da-ae15-3160ff1ec2a0_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6ft!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0774b6-f132-44da-ae15-3160ff1ec2a0_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9e0774b6-f132-44da-ae15-3160ff1ec2a0_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Kratos Leviathan Axe And Thor's Mjolnir Hammer Collide Scene 4K - God of  War Ragnarok&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Kratos Leviathan Axe And Thor's Mjolnir Hammer Collide Scene 4K - God of  War Ragnarok" title="Kratos Leviathan Axe And Thor's Mjolnir Hammer Collide Scene 4K - God of  War Ragnarok" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6ft!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0774b6-f132-44da-ae15-3160ff1ec2a0_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6ft!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0774b6-f132-44da-ae15-3160ff1ec2a0_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6ft!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0774b6-f132-44da-ae15-3160ff1ec2a0_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6ft!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e0774b6-f132-44da-ae15-3160ff1ec2a0_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>S&#7921; Th&#7887;a m&#227;n t&#7915; Ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i C&#417; h&#7885;c v&#224; Pavlov</h4><p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh th&#7887;a m&#227;n nh&#7845;t trong c&#225;c game b&#7855;n s&#250;ng hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ti&#7871;ng n&#7893; &#273;inh tai c&#7911;a h&#7887;a l&#7921;c, m&#224; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh nh&#7887; nh&#7863;t h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u: ti&#7871;ng v&#7887; &#273;&#7841;n r&#417;i leng keng xu&#7889;ng n&#7873;n nh&#224;, ti&#7871;ng tr&#432;&#7907;t c&#7911;a thoi n&#7841;p &#273;&#7841;n, hay ti&#7871;ng &#8220;ping&#8221; &#273;anh g&#7885;n khi h&#7841; g&#7909;c m&#7897;t m&#7909;c ti&#234;u (kill confirm sound). &#272;&#226;y l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh c&#417; h&#7885;c (mechanical sounds) v&#224; &#226;m thanh giao di&#7879;n (UI sounds), v&#224; ch&#250;ng &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; quan tr&#7885;ng trong vi&#7879;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng v&#242;ng l&#7863;p ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i dopamine.</p><p>Trong <em>Resident Evil 4</em> (c&#7843; b&#7843;n g&#7889;c v&#224; remake), h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng s&#7855;p x&#7871;p vali &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#7841;c (inventory management) tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t tr&#242; ch&#417;i g&#226;y nghi&#7879;n ri&#234;ng bi&#7879;t. T&#7841;i sao? Ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n l&#224; nh&#7901; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#226;m thanh. Ti&#7871;ng l&#225;ch c&#225;ch khi xoay m&#7897;t h&#7897;p &#273;&#7841;n, ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7863;t m&#7897;t kh&#7849;u s&#250;ng xu&#7889;ng nghe n&#7863;ng tr&#7883;ch, ti&#7871;ng th&#7843;o d&#432;&#7907;c x&#224;o x&#7841;c... t&#7845;t c&#7843; t&#7841;o n&#234;n m&#7897;t tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m x&#250;c gi&#225;c (tactile) c&#7921;c k&#7923; th&#7887;a m&#227;n. Hay nh&#432; trong <em>Overwatch</em>, &#226;m thanh khi b&#7841;n b&#7855;n tr&#250;ng &#273;&#7847;u (headshot) &#273;&#7889;i ph&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n ti&#7871;ng m&#7903; n&#7855;p chai bia&#8212;m&#7897;t &#226;m thanh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c li&#234;n k&#7871;t trong ti&#7873;m th&#7913;c v&#7899;i s&#7921; gi&#7843;i t&#7887;a v&#224; ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng.</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh n&#224;y bi&#7871;n c&#225;c thao t&#225;c &#7843;o th&#224;nh tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m v&#7853;t l&#253;. Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#243; th&#7875; &#8220;c&#7843;m&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c l&#242; xo, ch&#7889;t l&#7851;y v&#224; c&#417; ch&#7871; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng b&#234;n trong kh&#7849;u s&#250;ng ch&#7881; qua tai nghe. Khi m&#7897;t h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng &#7843;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i k&#232;m v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng &#226;m thanh chi ti&#7871;t v&#224; s&#7855;c n&#233;t nh&#432; v&#7853;y, n&#243; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t c&#7843;m gi&#225;c ki&#7875;m so&#225;t (mastery). B&#7897; n&#227;o c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta, v&#7889;n y&#234;u th&#237;ch c&#225;c m&#244; h&#236;nh d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n v&#224; ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i r&#245; r&#224;ng, s&#7869; ti&#7871;t ra m&#7897;t ch&#250;t dopamine m&#7895;i khi nghe th&#7845;y ti&#7871;ng &#8220;ka-ching&#8221; ho&#224;n h&#7843;o &#273;&#243;. N&#243; gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; vi&#7879;c b&#7845;m m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c b&#250;t bi x&#7883;n hay &#273;&#243;ng c&#7917;a m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c xe h&#417;i sang tr&#7885;ng; s&#7921; th&#7887;a m&#227;n &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; s&#7921; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c c&#417; kh&#237; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n qua th&#237;nh gi&#225;c.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvRa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F951dcc0d-5740-440d-a5bb-3d22e168cd68_686x386.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvRa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F951dcc0d-5740-440d-a5bb-3d22e168cd68_686x386.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvRa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F951dcc0d-5740-440d-a5bb-3d22e168cd68_686x386.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvRa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F951dcc0d-5740-440d-a5bb-3d22e168cd68_686x386.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvRa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F951dcc0d-5740-440d-a5bb-3d22e168cd68_686x386.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvRa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F951dcc0d-5740-440d-a5bb-3d22e168cd68_686x386.jpeg" width="686" height="386" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/951dcc0d-5740-440d-a5bb-3d22e168cd68_686x386.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:386,&quot;width&quot;:686,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Resident Evil 4 - Classic vs Remake - Weapon Reload Animations in 3 minutes&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Resident Evil 4 - Classic vs Remake - Weapon Reload Animations in 3 minutes" title="Resident Evil 4 - Classic vs Remake - Weapon Reload Animations in 3 minutes" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvRa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F951dcc0d-5740-440d-a5bb-3d22e168cd68_686x386.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvRa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F951dcc0d-5740-440d-a5bb-3d22e168cd68_686x386.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvRa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F951dcc0d-5740-440d-a5bb-3d22e168cd68_686x386.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvRa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F951dcc0d-5740-440d-a5bb-3d22e168cd68_686x386.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t Ph&#226;n l&#7899;p (Layering) v&#224; Bi&#7871;n thi&#234;n (Modulation)</h4><p>M&#7897;t sai l&#7847;m ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i l&#224;m game l&#224; ngh&#297; r&#7857;ng m&#7897;t h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng ch&#7881; c&#7847;n m&#7897;t file &#226;m thanh. Th&#7921;c t&#7871;, m&#7897;t hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng &#226;m thanh xu&#7845;t s&#7855;c trong game AAA hi&#7871;m khi l&#224; m&#7897;t file &#273;&#417;n l&#7867;. N&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7843;n h&#7907;p x&#432;&#7899;ng c&#7911;a nhi&#7873;u l&#7899;p &#226;m thanh (layers) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#7871;p ch&#7891;ng l&#234;n nhau v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7897;n (mix) trong th&#7901;i gian th&#7921;c.</p><p>H&#227;y t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng &#226;m thanh c&#7911;a m&#7897;t c&#250; &#273;&#7845;m trong game &#273;&#7889;i kh&#225;ng nh&#432; <em>Street Fighter</em> hay <em>Mortal Kombat</em>. &#272;&#7875; c&#250; &#273;&#7845;m nghe c&#243; v&#7867; &#273;au &#273;&#7899;n v&#224; &#8220;th&#7845;m&#8221;, nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; thu &#226;m ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7845;m v&#224;o bao c&#225;t. H&#7885; s&#7869; k&#7871;t h&#7907;p:</p><ol><li><p><strong>L&#7899;p T&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; (Whoosh):</strong> Ti&#7871;ng x&#233; gi&#243; &#7903; t&#7847;n s&#7889; cao ngay tr&#432;&#7899;c khi va ch&#7841;m, t&#7841;o c&#7843;m gi&#225;c v&#7873; v&#7853;n t&#7889;c v&#224; s&#7921; nguy hi&#7875;m.</p></li><li><p><strong>L&#7899;p Va ch&#7841;m (Impact/Slap):</strong> Ti&#7871;ng th&#7883;t va v&#224;o th&#7883;t (th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o ra b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#7895; v&#224;o mi&#7871;ng th&#7883;t b&#242; ho&#7863;c &#273;&#249;i g&#224;), t&#7841;o &#273;&#7897; ch&#226;n th&#7921;c v&#224; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c &#273;au r&#225;t b&#7873; m&#7863;t.</p></li><li><p><strong>L&#7899;p K&#7871;t c&#7845;u (Crunch/Gore):</strong> Ti&#7871;ng r&#7855;c nh&#7887; c&#7911;a rau c&#7911; g&#227;y (th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#249;ng c&#7847;n t&#226;y ho&#7863;c qu&#7843; &#7899;t chu&#244;ng) &#273;&#7875; m&#244; ph&#7887;ng ti&#7871;ng x&#432;&#417;ng g&#227;y ho&#7863;c t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng n&#7897;i t&#7841;ng, t&#259;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; b&#7841;o l&#7921;c.</p></li><li><p><strong>L&#7899;p Tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng (Thud/Body):</strong> M&#7897;t &#226;m thanh t&#7847;n s&#7889; th&#7845;p (nh&#432; ti&#7871;ng tr&#7889;ng kick drum ho&#7863;c ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#243;ng c&#7917;a xe) &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o l&#7921;c &#273;&#7849;y v&#224; &#273;&#7897; n&#7863;ng cho &#273;&#242;n &#273;&#225;nh.</p></li></ol><p>Khi t&#7845;t c&#7843; ph&#225;t ra c&#249;ng m&#7897;t l&#250;c, ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng nghe th&#7845;y b&#7889;n &#226;m thanh ri&#234;ng bi&#7879;t. H&#7885; nghe th&#7845;y m&#7897;t c&#250; &#273;&#7845;m t&#224;n b&#7841;o. S&#7921; tinh t&#7871; n&#7857;m &#7903; vi&#7879;c c&#226;n b&#7857;ng (mix) c&#225;c l&#7899;p n&#224;y.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng c&#242;n m&#7897;t k&#7929; thu&#7853;t quan tr&#7885;ng n&#7919;a: <strong>Bi&#7871;n thi&#234;n (Modulation)</strong>. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n b&#7855;n m&#7897;t kh&#7849;u s&#250;ng m&#225;y 100 l&#7847;n v&#224; c&#7843; 100 l&#7847;n &#273;&#7873;u ph&#225;t ra &#273;&#250;ng m&#7897;t file &#226;m thanh y h&#7879;t nhau, n&#227;o b&#7897; s&#7869; ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c nh&#7853;n ra s&#7921; gi&#7843; t&#7841;o (hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng &#8220;s&#250;ng m&#225;y&#8221; hay &#8220;machine gun effect&#8221;). &#272;&#7875; kh&#7855;c ph&#7909;c, c&#225;c l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh vi&#234;n &#226;m thanh s&#7869; c&#224;i &#273;&#7863;t &#273;&#7875; m&#7895;i l&#7847;n ph&#225;t, &#226;m thanh s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thay &#273;&#7893;i ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n m&#7897;t ch&#250;t v&#7873; cao &#273;&#7897; (pitch) v&#224; &#226;m l&#432;&#7907;ng (volume). S&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i vi m&#244; n&#224;y khi&#7871;n cho chu&#7895;i &#226;m thanh nghe t&#7921; nhi&#234;n, &#8220;h&#7919;u c&#417;&#8221; (organic) v&#224; &#273;&#7905; nh&#224;m ch&#225;n h&#417;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u, duy tr&#236; s&#7921; &#273;&#7855;m ch&#236;m c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i trong th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFXT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3784be63-9bb0-4fc7-886c-d05397bd2276_740x416.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFXT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3784be63-9bb0-4fc7-886c-d05397bd2276_740x416.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFXT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3784be63-9bb0-4fc7-886c-d05397bd2276_740x416.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFXT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3784be63-9bb0-4fc7-886c-d05397bd2276_740x416.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFXT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3784be63-9bb0-4fc7-886c-d05397bd2276_740x416.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFXT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3784be63-9bb0-4fc7-886c-d05397bd2276_740x416.jpeg" width="740" height="416" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3784be63-9bb0-4fc7-886c-d05397bd2276_740x416.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:416,&quot;width&quot;:740,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Sound frequency Images - Free Download on Freepik&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Sound frequency Images - Free Download on Freepik" title="Sound frequency Images - Free Download on Freepik" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFXT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3784be63-9bb0-4fc7-886c-d05397bd2276_740x416.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFXT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3784be63-9bb0-4fc7-886c-d05397bd2276_740x416.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFXT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3784be63-9bb0-4fc7-886c-d05397bd2276_740x416.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zFXT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3784be63-9bb0-4fc7-886c-d05397bd2276_740x416.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, &#226;m thanh kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; th&#7913; &#273;i k&#232;m &#273;&#7875; l&#7845;p &#273;&#7847;y kho&#7843;ng tr&#7889;ng im l&#7863;ng. N&#243; l&#224; x&#432;&#417;ng s&#7889;ng c&#7911;a c&#7843;m gi&#225;c ch&#417;i (game feel). M&#7897;t tr&#242; ch&#417;i c&#243; th&#7875; c&#243; &#273;&#7891; h&#7885;a &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, c&#225;c kh&#7889;i h&#7897;p vu&#244;ng v&#7913;c, nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u &#226;m thanh c&#7911;a n&#243; c&#243; s&#7913;c n&#7863;ng, &#273;&#7897; chi ti&#7871;t v&#224; ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i t&#7889;t, n&#243; v&#7851;n s&#7869; mang l&#7841;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c ch&#417;i tuy&#7879;t v&#7901;i v&#224; &#273;&#7847;y s&#7913;c s&#7889;ng. L&#7847;n t&#7899;i khi b&#7841;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y m&#7897;t m&#243;n v&#361; kh&#237; trong game th&#7853;t &#8220;&#273;&#7847;m tay&#8221;, hay m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c xe th&#7853;t &#8220;b&#7889;c&#8221;, h&#227;y th&#7917; t&#7855;t loa &#273;i. B&#7841;n s&#7869; ng&#7905; ng&#224;ng nh&#7853;n ra r&#7857;ng, s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; &#273;&#244;i tay c&#7911;a nh&#226;n v&#7853;t hay &#273;&#7897;ng c&#417; xe, m&#224; n&#7857;m &#7903; &#273;&#244;i tai c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh b&#7841;n.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>&#127925; <strong>B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u v&#224; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng &#226;m thanh trong game?</strong><br>H&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; tham gia l&#7899;p h&#7885;c &#8220;C&#7843;m t&#236;nh Thanh &#194;m&#8221; c&#7911;a Ludo School &#273;&#7875; r&#232;n luy&#7879;n k&#7929; n&#259;ng c&#7843;m th&#7909; v&#224; t&#432; duy &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng Audio Direction, gi&#250;p b&#7841;n l&#224;m vi&#7879;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; &#226;m thanh!</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c</span></a></p></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Leitmotif trong Ori and the Blind Forest]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#7879; th&#7889;ng Leitmotif k&#7923; c&#244;ng trong s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a nh&#7841;c s&#297; Gareth Coker]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/leitmotif-trong-ori-and-the-blind</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/leitmotif-trong-ori-and-the-blind</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2026 05:01:11 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/184326570/71808bd8d61a24b07668dcc0264fd680.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Trong Ori and the Blind Forest, s&#7921; v&#7855;ng m&#7863;t ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#7911;a l&#7901;i tho&#7841;i &#273;&#227; trao cho &#226;m nh&#7841;c m&#7897;t tr&#7885;ng tr&#225;ch &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t: tr&#7903; th&#224;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n v&#244; h&#236;nh nh&#432;ng to&#224;n n&#259;ng. Nh&#224; so&#7841;n nh&#7841;c Gareth Coker &#273;&#227; kh&#244;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#226;m nh&#7841;c ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m n&#7873;n, m&#224; &#244;ng x&#226;y d&#7921;ng m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng Leitmotif (ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i) ch&#7863;t ch&#7869;, ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t ng&#244;n ng&#7919; ri&#234;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#224; ti&#7871;t l&#7897; c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i.</p><p>Tr&#225;i tim c&#7911;a h&#7879; th&#7889;ng n&#224;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; c&#7911;a Ori, hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8220;Light of Nibel&#8221;. &#272;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t giai &#273;i&#7879;u t&#297;nh t&#7841;i m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t th&#7921;c th&#7875; s&#7889;ng &#273;&#7897;ng, bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i song h&#224;nh c&#249;ng s&#7921; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh c&#7911;a nh&#226;n v&#7853;t ch&#237;nh. &#7902; nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n &#273;o&#7841;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n nh&#432; &#8220;Ori, Lost in the Storm&#8221;, ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n d&#432;&#7899;i h&#236;nh h&#224;i mong manh, &#273;&#417;n &#273;&#7897;c qua ti&#7871;ng piano v&#224; gi&#7885;ng h&#225;t (vocal) c&#7911;a Aeralie Brighton, g&#7907;i l&#234;n s&#7921; y&#7871;u &#273;u&#7889;i c&#7911;a m&#7897;t &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; l&#7841;c l&#245;ng gi&#7919;a r&#7915;ng gi&#224;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, khi Ori &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i hi&#7875;m nguy trong c&#225;c m&#224;n r&#432;&#7907;t &#273;u&#7893;i k&#7883;ch t&#237;nh, &#273;i&#7875;n h&#236;nh l&#224; b&#7843;n &#8220;Restoring the Light, Facing the Dark&#8221;, giai &#273;i&#7879;u &#7845;y l&#7897;t x&#225;c ho&#224;n to&#224;n. N&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chuy&#7875;n so&#7841;n cho d&#224;n nh&#7841;c l&#7899;n v&#7899;i b&#7897; &#273;&#7891;ng (brass) m&#7841;nh m&#7869; v&#224; ti&#7871;t t&#7845;u d&#7891;n d&#7853;p, bi&#7871;n n&#7895;i s&#7907; h&#227;i th&#224;nh l&#242;ng d&#361;ng c&#7843;m c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#249;ng. &#272;&#7881;nh &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a s&#7921; bi&#7871;n chuy&#7875;n n&#224;y n&#7857;m &#7903; b&#7843;n &#8220;The Sacrifice&#8221;, n&#417;i ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i s&#7921; t&#7889;i gi&#7843;n nh&#432;ng mang n&#7863;ng s&#7855;c th&#225;i bi th&#432;&#417;ng, &#273;&#225;nh d&#7845;u s&#7921; hy sinh cao c&#7843; thay v&#236; s&#7921; ng&#226;y th&#417; ban &#273;&#7847;u.</p><p>S&#7921; tinh t&#7871; trong ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a Coker &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7875; hi&#7879;n r&#245; n&#233;t nh&#7845;t qua c&#225;ch &#244;ng x&#7917; l&#253; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; c&#7911;a nh&#226;n v&#7853;t ph&#7843;n di&#7879;n Kuro. Thay v&#236; t&#7841;o ra hai b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c kh&#225;c nhau cho hai tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i c&#7911;a nh&#226;n v&#7853;t, &#244;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#249;ng m&#7897;t chu&#7895;i giai &#273;i&#7879;u nh&#432;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i ho&#224;n to&#224;n l&#7899;p &#225;o ph&#7889;i kh&#237;&#8212;m&#7897;t k&#7929; thu&#7853;t c&#243; th&#7875; g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8220;d&#7921; b&#225;o b&#7857;ng &#226;m thanh&#8221; (audio foreshadowing). Khi Kuro xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n nh&#432; m&#7897;t qu&#225;i v&#7853;t trong c&#417;n th&#7883;nh n&#7897;, &#226;m nh&#7841;c g&#7847;m th&#233;t v&#7899;i c&#225;c h&#7907;p &#226;m ngh&#7883;ch v&#224; ti&#7871;ng tr&#7889;ng hung h&#227;n. Th&#7871; nh&#432;ng, trong b&#7843;n &#8220;Kuro&#8217;s Tale II - Her Pain&#8221;, ch&#237;nh giai &#273;i&#7879;u &#273;&#243; l&#7841;i vang l&#234;n tr&#234;n n&#7873;n &#273;&#224;n d&#226;y da di&#7871;t. S&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i n&#224;y ng&#7847;m th&#236; th&#7847;m v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i m&#7897;t s&#7921; th&#7853;t m&#224; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh ch&#432;a k&#7883;p ti&#7871;t l&#7897;: Kuro kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; hi&#7879;n th&#226;n c&#7911;a c&#225;i &#225;c thu&#7847;n t&#250;y, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; &#273;ang &#273;au &#273;&#7899;n t&#7897;t c&#249;ng v&#236; m&#7845;t con.</p><p>B&#234;n c&#7841;nh nh&#7919;ng xung &#273;&#7897;t k&#7883;ch t&#237;nh, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng leitmotif c&#242;n neo gi&#7919; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c an to&#224;n th&#244;ng qua ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; c&#7911;a Naru, hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8220;Harvest Theme&#8221;. G&#7855;n li&#7873;n v&#7899;i &#226;m s&#7855;c &#7845;m &#225;p c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#7841;c c&#7909; g&#7895; nh&#432; bassoon v&#224; oboe, ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y mang &#226;m h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;i&#7873;n vi&#234;n, g&#7907;i nh&#7855;c v&#7873; m&#225;i &#7845;m v&#224; t&#236;nh m&#7851;u t&#7917;. M&#7895;i khi giai &#273;i&#7879;u n&#224;y t&#225;i hi&#7879;n, n&#243; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; b&#225;o hi&#7879;u m&#7897;t khu v&#7921;c an to&#224;n m&#224; c&#242;n nh&#7855;c nh&#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i v&#7873; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c c&#7889;t l&#245;i c&#7911;a cu&#7897;c h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh: chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u &#273;&#7875; b&#7843;o v&#7879; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#226;n y&#234;u. B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, c&#225;c m&#244;-t&#237;p m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng, nh&#432; s&#7921; bay b&#7893;ng trong &#8220;Completing the Circle&#8221;, c&#361;ng &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; quan tr&#7885;ng trong vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7891;ng b&#7897; h&#243;a c&#7843;m gi&#225;c t&#7921; do c&#7911;a gameplay v&#7899;i s&#7921; th&#259;ng hoa c&#7911;a &#226;m nh&#7841;c.</p><p>T&#7921;u trung l&#7841;i, s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#7911;a &#226;m nh&#7841;c trong Ori and the Blind Forest kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#225;c b&#224;i h&#225;t, m&#224; &#7903; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#7889;i kh&#237; l&#7841;i (re-orchestration) t&#224;i t&#236;nh. Gareth Coker &#273;&#227; ch&#7913;ng minh r&#7857;ng b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch thay &#273;&#7893;i nh&#7841;c c&#7909; v&#224; ti&#7871;t t&#7845;u cho c&#249;ng m&#7897;t giai &#273;i&#7879;u, &#226;m nh&#7841;c c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7851;n d&#7855;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i &#273;i t&#7915; s&#7921; ng&#226;y th&#417; &#273;&#7871;n bi k&#7883;ch, t&#7915; n&#7895;i s&#7907; h&#227;i &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; th&#7845;u c&#7843;m, k&#7871;t n&#7889;i nh&#7919;ng m&#7843;nh gh&#233;p r&#7901;i r&#7841;c c&#7911;a tr&#242; ch&#417;i th&#224;nh m&#7897;t tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t th&#7889;ng nh&#7845;t v&#224; &#273;&#7847;y x&#250;c c&#7843;m.</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n say m&#234; v&#7899;i ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t &#226;m nh&#7841;c trong game n&#243;i chung v&#224; mu&#7889;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m v&#7873; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t leitmotif n&#243;i ri&#234;ng, h&#227;y tham d&#7921; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c C&#7843;m t&#236;nh Thanh &#226;m c&#7911;a gi&#7843;ng vi&#234;n &#272;&#259;ng L&#234; t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y nh&#233;.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Có tồn tại sự khác biệt trong thiết kế Game Phương Đông & Phương Tây?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Tr&#7843; l&#7901;i ng&#7855;n: C&#243; v&#224; kh&#244;ng. Tr&#7843; l&#7901;i d&#224;i: Vui l&#242;ng &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i.]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/thiet-ke-game-dong-tay</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/thiet-ke-game-dong-tay</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2026 16:24:27 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ojj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde1c037c-5d7a-4d95-ac7e-250f121de6d9_2048x1152.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ojj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde1c037c-5d7a-4d95-ac7e-250f121de6d9_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ojj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde1c037c-5d7a-4d95-ac7e-250f121de6d9_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ojj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde1c037c-5d7a-4d95-ac7e-250f121de6d9_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ojj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde1c037c-5d7a-4d95-ac7e-250f121de6d9_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ojj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde1c037c-5d7a-4d95-ac7e-250f121de6d9_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ojj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde1c037c-5d7a-4d95-ac7e-250f121de6d9_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/de1c037c-5d7a-4d95-ac7e-250f121de6d9_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of text that says '50 NIPPON &#20027; &#23500; &#22763; &#48708; 20 NIPPON &#272;&#244;ng- T&#226;y C&#243; s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t trong Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game? 50 NIPPON &#26412; &#22478; &#22823; &#38442; PUU... GEEL ANENG EEB SIMI INUNI UIE #'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of text that says '50 NIPPON &#20027; &#23500; &#22763; &#48708; 20 NIPPON &#272;&#244;ng- T&#226;y C&#243; s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t trong Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game? 50 NIPPON &#26412; &#22478; &#22823; &#38442; PUU... GEEL ANENG EEB SIMI INUNI UIE #'" title="May be an image of text that says '50 NIPPON &#20027; &#23500; &#22763; &#48708; 20 NIPPON &#272;&#244;ng- T&#226;y C&#243; s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t trong Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game? 50 NIPPON &#26412; &#22478; &#22823; &#38442; PUU... GEEL ANENG EEB SIMI INUNI UIE #'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ojj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde1c037c-5d7a-4d95-ac7e-250f121de6d9_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ojj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde1c037c-5d7a-4d95-ac7e-250f121de6d9_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ojj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde1c037c-5d7a-4d95-ac7e-250f121de6d9_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ojj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde1c037c-5d7a-4d95-ac7e-250f121de6d9_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>C&#7843;nh b&#225;o: B&#224;i r&#7845;t d&#224;i.</strong></p></div><p>M&#7897;t v&#224;i anh ch&#7883; em th&#226;n thi&#7871;t c&#243; bi&#7871;t l&#224; th&#7901;i gian n&#224;y t&#244;i quan t&#226;m nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#225;c &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n game v&#224; v&#259;n h&#243;a. V&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i t&#244;i quan t&#226;m nh&#7845;t th&#7901;i gian g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y, l&#224; s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t (n&#7871;u c&#243;) gi&#7919;a thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game c&#7911;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng v&#224; Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y.</p><p><em>V&#7853;y t&#7841;i sao c&#7847;n so s&#225;nh thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng v&#224; Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y?</em></p><p>Trong h&#417;n 40 n&#259;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, ng&#224;nh game th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#273;&#227; ch&#7913;ng ki&#7871;n hai c&#7921;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n g&#7847;n nh&#432; &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p: m&#7897;t b&#234;n l&#224; Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n, H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c, Trung Qu&#7889;c, v&#7899;i truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng console, handheld, v&#224; game gi&#224;u k&#7883;ch t&#237;nh; b&#234;n kia l&#224; Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; B&#7855;c M&#7929; v&#224; ch&#226;u &#194;u, v&#7899;i n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng PC, modding, sandbox, v&#224; gameplay m&#244; ph&#7887;ng. M&#7895;i b&#234;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; kh&#225;c &#7903; c&#244;ng c&#7909;, m&#224; c&#242;n kh&#225;c &#7903; c&#225;ch &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ch&#417;i: Ai l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i? Ch&#417;i &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236;? &#221; ngh&#297;a &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u?</p><p>Khi c&#225;c studio ng&#224;y c&#224;ng thi&#7871;t k&#7871; cho th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng to&#224;n c&#7847;u, vi&#7879;c hi&#7875;u s&#226;u nh&#7919;ng n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; gi&#250;p tr&#225;nh r&#7853;p khu&#244;n, m&#224; c&#242;n m&#7903; ra kh&#7843; n&#259;ng pha tr&#7897;n, k&#7871; th&#7915;a c&#243; &#253; th&#7913;c, v&#224; s&#225;ng t&#7841;o ra tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m m&#7899;i mang b&#7843;n s&#7855;c ri&#234;ng.</p><p>V&#236; v&#7853;y, v&#7899;i b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y, t&#244;i mong mu&#7889;n &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225;, nh&#7853;n x&#233;t s&#417; khai nh&#7845;t v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng s&#7921; gi&#7889;ng v&#224; kh&#225;c nhau gi&#7919;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng v&#224; Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y. Hy v&#7885;ng s&#7869; &#273;em l&#7841;i m&#7897;t v&#224;i th&#244;ng tin l&#253; th&#250; v&#224; h&#7919;u &#237;ch.</p><h3>L&#432;u &#253; thu&#7853;t ng&#7919;</h3><p>Trong khu&#244;n kh&#7893; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y, c&#225;c thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; &#8220;Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng&#8221; v&#224; &#8220;Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng k&#253; hi&#7879;u mang t&#237;nh kh&#225;i qu&#225;t h&#243;a &#273;&#7875; ph&#7909;c v&#7909; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, thay v&#236; ph&#7843;n &#225;nh ch&#237;nh x&#225;c to&#224;n b&#7897; s&#7921; &#273;a d&#7841;ng trong t&#7915;ng khu v&#7921;c.</p><p>Khi n&#243;i &#273;&#7871;n Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng, b&#224;i vi&#7871;t ch&#7911; y&#7871;u &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c qu&#7889;c gia &#272;&#244;ng &#193; c&#243; truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n ng&#224;nh game l&#226;u &#273;&#7901;i v&#224; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng s&#226;u r&#7897;ng &#273;&#7871;n v&#259;n h&#243;a thi&#7871;t k&#7871; to&#224;n c&#7847;u, c&#7909; th&#7875; l&#224; Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n, H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c v&#224; Trung Qu&#7889;c. Trong &#273;&#243;, Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; trung t&#226;m trong c&#225;c lu&#7853;n &#273;i&#7875;m v&#7873; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng, c&#242;n H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c v&#224; Trung Qu&#7889;c xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n &#7903; c&#225;c ph&#7847;n m&#7903; r&#7897;ng li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n game online v&#224; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng mobile hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i.</p><p>Khi n&#243;i &#273;&#7871;n Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y, b&#224;i vi&#7871;t ch&#7911; y&#7871;u t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o Hoa K&#7923;, Canada v&#224; c&#225;c qu&#7889;c gia T&#226;y &#194;u c&#243; ng&#224;nh c&#244;ng nghi&#7879;p game ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7841;nh nh&#432; Anh, Ph&#225;p, &#272;&#7913;c, Th&#7909;y &#272;i&#7875;n. Nh&#7919;ng d&#7851;n ch&#7913;ng v&#224; lu&#7853;n &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#250;t ra t&#7915; c&#225;c studio, th&#7875; lo&#7841;i game v&#224; t&#432; t&#432;&#7903;ng thi&#7871;t k&#7871; c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng to&#224;n c&#7847;u t&#7915; c&#225;c khu v&#7921;c n&#224;y.</p><p>Vi&#7879;c chia t&#225;ch n&#224;y kh&#244;ng nh&#7857;m kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh hai v&#249;ng v&#259;n h&#243;a t&#7891;n t&#7841;i nh&#432; hai th&#7921;c th&#7875; &#273;&#7889;i l&#7853;p r&#245; r&#224;ng, m&#224; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m n&#7893;i b&#7853;t nh&#7919;ng h&#7879; t&#432; t&#432;&#7903;ng, m&#244; h&#236;nh thi&#7871;t k&#7871; v&#224; l&#7897; tr&#236;nh ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n kh&#225;c nhau &#273;&#227; h&#236;nh th&#224;nh qua l&#7883;ch s&#7917;, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n c&#225;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng h&#7897;i t&#7909; &#273;ang di&#7877;n ra trong hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sqjT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0676e2-aad8-4c9e-b05e-883a4af26625_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sqjT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0676e2-aad8-4c9e-b05e-883a4af26625_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sqjT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0676e2-aad8-4c9e-b05e-883a4af26625_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sqjT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0676e2-aad8-4c9e-b05e-883a4af26625_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sqjT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0676e2-aad8-4c9e-b05e-883a4af26625_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sqjT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0676e2-aad8-4c9e-b05e-883a4af26625_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6b0676e2-aad8-4c9e-b05e-883a4af26625_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be a doodle of text that says '&#23665; &#22763; &#23500; M&#7909;c l&#7909;c 1. B&#7889;i c&#7843;nh l&#7883;ch s&#7917; 2. C&#7845;u tr&#250;c studio &#23665; 3.T&#432; duy s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t &amp; Quy tr&#236;nh 4. Chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n 5. 5.C&#417; C&#417; ch&#7871; gameplay 6. .&#272;&#7897; kh&#243; &amp; Ch&#7911; quy&#7873;n 7. 7.Th&#7849;m m&#7929; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh &amp; Y&#7871;u t&#7889; v&#259;n h&#243;a 8.H&#7879; m&#225;y, th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng &amp; &#7842;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng th&#7875; lo&#7841;i 9. Trung Qu&#7889;c 10. 10.H&#7897;i t&#7909; &amp; To&#224;n c&#7847;u h&#243;a'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be a doodle of text that says '&#23665; &#22763; &#23500; M&#7909;c l&#7909;c 1. B&#7889;i c&#7843;nh l&#7883;ch s&#7917; 2. C&#7845;u tr&#250;c studio &#23665; 3.T&#432; duy s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t &amp; Quy tr&#236;nh 4. Chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n 5. 5.C&#417; C&#417; ch&#7871; gameplay 6. .&#272;&#7897; kh&#243; &amp; Ch&#7911; quy&#7873;n 7. 7.Th&#7849;m m&#7929; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh &amp; Y&#7871;u t&#7889; v&#259;n h&#243;a 8.H&#7879; m&#225;y, th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng &amp; &#7842;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng th&#7875; lo&#7841;i 9. Trung Qu&#7889;c 10. 10.H&#7897;i t&#7909; &amp; To&#224;n c&#7847;u h&#243;a'" title="May be a doodle of text that says '&#23665; &#22763; &#23500; M&#7909;c l&#7909;c 1. B&#7889;i c&#7843;nh l&#7883;ch s&#7917; 2. C&#7845;u tr&#250;c studio &#23665; 3.T&#432; duy s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t &amp; Quy tr&#236;nh 4. Chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n 5. 5.C&#417; C&#417; ch&#7871; gameplay 6. .&#272;&#7897; kh&#243; &amp; Ch&#7911; quy&#7873;n 7. 7.Th&#7849;m m&#7929; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh &amp; Y&#7871;u t&#7889; v&#259;n h&#243;a 8.H&#7879; m&#225;y, th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng &amp; &#7842;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng th&#7875; lo&#7841;i 9. Trung Qu&#7889;c 10. 10.H&#7897;i t&#7909; &amp; To&#224;n c&#7847;u h&#243;a'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sqjT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0676e2-aad8-4c9e-b05e-883a4af26625_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sqjT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0676e2-aad8-4c9e-b05e-883a4af26625_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sqjT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0676e2-aad8-4c9e-b05e-883a4af26625_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sqjT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0676e2-aad8-4c9e-b05e-883a4af26625_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>L&#432;u &#253; ph&#7841;m vi b&#224;i vi&#7871;t</h3><p>Trong khu&#244;n kh&#7893; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y, v&#236; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng, n&#7897;i dung ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ch&#7911; y&#7871;u t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o hai h&#7879; h&#236;nh ch&#237;nh: Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n (&#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n ti&#234;u bi&#7875;u cho thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng), c&#225;c n&#432;&#7899;c ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y (&#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; Hoa K&#7923; v&#224; ch&#226;u &#194;u), v&#224; c&#243; th&#234;m m&#7897;t ngo&#7841;i l&#7879; l&#224; Trung Qu&#7889;c (nh&#432; m&#7897;t tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#273;&#7863;c th&#249;, c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng to&#224;n c&#7847;u trong k&#7927; nguy&#234;n mobile).</p><p>C&#225;c qu&#7889;c gia ch&#226;u &#193; kh&#225;c nh&#432; H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c, &#272;&#224;i Loan, Th&#225;i Lan, Indonesia, v&#224; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; Vi&#7879;t Nam, ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#226;u trong b&#224;i n&#224;y. D&#249; nhi&#7873;u n&#432;&#7899;c trong s&#7889; &#273;&#243; c&#243; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n game n&#259;ng &#273;&#7897;ng, &#273;ang n&#7893;i l&#234;n m&#7841;nh m&#7869; trong th&#7853;p k&#7927; qua, nh&#432;ng m&#7895;i n&#417;i &#273;&#7873;u mang nh&#7919;ng s&#7855;c th&#225;i v&#259;n h&#243;a, h&#7841; t&#7847;ng v&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh ri&#234;ng bi&#7879;t, &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u chi ti&#7871;t h&#417;n trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai. &#272;i&#7873;u m&#224; hy v&#7885;ng t&#244;i s&#7869; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trong n&#259;m nay.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Il7o!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f167d2-6ca7-4fa0-9692-b1a37f56ddc3_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Il7o!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f167d2-6ca7-4fa0-9692-b1a37f56ddc3_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Il7o!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f167d2-6ca7-4fa0-9692-b1a37f56ddc3_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Il7o!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f167d2-6ca7-4fa0-9692-b1a37f56ddc3_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Il7o!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f167d2-6ca7-4fa0-9692-b1a37f56ddc3_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Il7o!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f167d2-6ca7-4fa0-9692-b1a37f56ddc3_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b1f167d2-6ca7-4fa0-9692-b1a37f56ddc3_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of &#8206;2 people and &#8206;text that says '&#8206;1A. B&#7889;i c&#7843;nh h&#236;nh th&#224;nh: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#3108;&#3149;&#3136;&#3105; MAR 000300 XOI WORLD TIME 364 ? .&#1586;&#1740;&#1575;&#1740;_&#1740;&#1582;&#1578; ? Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n d&#7851;n &#273;&#7847;u ng&#224;nh sau kh&#7911;ng ho&#7843;ng game 1983 Famicom, Sega, v&#224; arcade &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh th&#7883; hi&#7871;u Tr&#242; ch&#417;i tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh, nh&#226;n v&#7853;t bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng, d&#7877; ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ch&#250; tr&#7885;ng v&#224;o tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#224; l&#7889;i k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n r&#245; r&#224;ng V&#259;n h&#243;a \&quot;tinh ch&#7881;nh t&#7881; m&#7881;\&quot;, &#432;u ti&#234;n c&#7843;m gi&#225;c 50000 KO tay v&#224; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh EEN&#8206;'&#8206;&#8206;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of &#8206;2 people and &#8206;text that says '&#8206;1A. B&#7889;i c&#7843;nh h&#236;nh th&#224;nh: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#3108;&#3149;&#3136;&#3105; MAR 000300 XOI WORLD TIME 364 ? .&#1586;&#1740;&#1575;&#1740;_&#1740;&#1582;&#1578; ? Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n d&#7851;n &#273;&#7847;u ng&#224;nh sau kh&#7911;ng ho&#7843;ng game 1983 Famicom, Sega, v&#224; arcade &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh th&#7883; hi&#7871;u Tr&#242; ch&#417;i tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh, nh&#226;n v&#7853;t bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng, d&#7877; ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ch&#250; tr&#7885;ng v&#224;o tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#224; l&#7889;i k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n r&#245; r&#224;ng V&#259;n h&#243;a &quot;tinh ch&#7881;nh t&#7881; m&#7881;&quot;, &#432;u ti&#234;n c&#7843;m gi&#225;c 50000 KO tay v&#224; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh EEN&#8206;'&#8206;&#8206;" title="May be an image of &#8206;2 people and &#8206;text that says '&#8206;1A. B&#7889;i c&#7843;nh h&#236;nh th&#224;nh: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#3108;&#3149;&#3136;&#3105; MAR 000300 XOI WORLD TIME 364 ? .&#1586;&#1740;&#1575;&#1740;_&#1740;&#1582;&#1578; ? Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n d&#7851;n &#273;&#7847;u ng&#224;nh sau kh&#7911;ng ho&#7843;ng game 1983 Famicom, Sega, v&#224; arcade &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh th&#7883; hi&#7871;u Tr&#242; ch&#417;i tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh, nh&#226;n v&#7853;t bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng, d&#7877; ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ch&#250; tr&#7885;ng v&#224;o tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#224; l&#7889;i k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n r&#245; r&#224;ng V&#259;n h&#243;a &quot;tinh ch&#7881;nh t&#7881; m&#7881;&quot;, &#432;u ti&#234;n c&#7843;m gi&#225;c 50000 KO tay v&#224; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh EEN&#8206;'&#8206;&#8206;" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Il7o!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f167d2-6ca7-4fa0-9692-b1a37f56ddc3_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Il7o!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f167d2-6ca7-4fa0-9692-b1a37f56ddc3_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Il7o!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f167d2-6ca7-4fa0-9692-b1a37f56ddc3_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Il7o!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1f167d2-6ca7-4fa0-9692-b1a37f56ddc3_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>S&#7921; h&#236;nh th&#224;nh c&#7911;a thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng g&#7855;n li&#7873;n ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; v&#7899;i b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh l&#7883;ch s&#7917; sau c&#250; s&#7909;p &#273;&#7893; c&#7911;a th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng game B&#7855;c M&#7929; n&#259;m 1983. Trong khi nhi&#7873;u c&#244;ng ty ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y r&#250;t lui ho&#7863;c ph&#225; s&#7843;n, th&#236; Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n, v&#7899;i vai tr&#242; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7847;u c&#7911;a Nintendo v&#224; Sega, &#273;&#227; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t l&#224;n s&#243;ng game console m&#7899;i m&#224; &#273;&#7881;nh &#273;i&#7875;m l&#224; s&#7921; ra &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a Famicom (NES). &#272;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i v&#7873; c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; ph&#7847;n c&#7913;ng, m&#224; l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c ngo&#7863;t &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh l&#7841;i c&#7843; c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game trong nhi&#7873;u th&#7853;p k&#7927; sau &#273;&#243;.</p><p>Kh&#225;c v&#7899;i ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y, n&#417;i m&#225;y t&#237;nh c&#225; nh&#226;n (PC) ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7841;nh m&#7869; trong m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng gia &#273;&#236;nh ho&#7863;c h&#7885;c thu&#7853;t, Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n ch&#7885;n con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng thi&#7871;t b&#7883; chuy&#234;n bi&#7879;t, kh&#233;p k&#237;n v&#224; t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a cho tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng &#273;&#7841;i ch&#250;ng, t&#7915; m&#225;y console &#273;&#7871;n m&#225;y arcade v&#224; sau n&#224;y l&#224; m&#225;y handheld. C&#225;c studio Nh&#7853;t nhanh ch&#243;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#225;c tr&#242; ch&#417;i c&#243; v&#242;ng l&#7863;p gameplay &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, d&#7877; ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#226;ng t&#7847;m b&#7903;i s&#7921; trau chu&#7889;t v&#7873; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c tay, nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7897; h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng, c&#249;ng m&#7897;t th&#7849;m m&#7929; &#273;&#7853;m ch&#7845;t bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng. Nh&#7919;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m nh&#432; Super Mario Bros., The Legend of Zelda hay Dragon Quest &#273;&#7873;u x&#226;y d&#7921;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng gameplay tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh, v&#7899;i c&#225;c nh&#226;n v&#7853;t d&#7877; nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n v&#224; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n r&#245; r&#224;ng, &#273;&#7853;m t&#237;nh truy&#7873;n c&#7843;m.</p><p>&#272;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t, v&#259;n h&#243;a arcade c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng s&#226;u r&#7897;ng t&#7899;i t&#432; duy thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game &#7903; Nh&#7853;t. Vi&#7879;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i ph&#7843;i b&#7887; ti&#7873;n cho m&#7895;i l&#432;&#7907;t ch&#417;i bu&#7897;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ph&#7843;i t&#7841;o ra nh&#7919;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ng&#7855;n, th&#7917; th&#225;ch, l&#7863;p l&#7841;i nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng nh&#224;m ch&#225;n, &#273;&#226;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; n&#7873;n m&#243;ng cho s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c th&#7875; lo&#7841;i nh&#432; fighting game, bullet hell shooter, rhythm game. T&#432; duy t&#7889;i gi&#7843;n h&#243;a h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#7889;i &#273;a h&#243;a tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#224; ph&#7843;n x&#7841; l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng n&#233;t &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng c&#7911;a thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng th&#7901;i k&#7923; n&#224;y.</p><p>T&#7893;ng th&#7875;, b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh h&#7853;u kh&#7911;ng ho&#7843;ng 1983 v&#224; s&#7921; th&#7889;ng tr&#7883; c&#7911;a n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng console, c&#249;ng v&#7899;i v&#259;n h&#243;a arcade, &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh m&#7897;t th&#7871; h&#7879; game l&#7845;y c&#7889;t l&#245;i t&#7915; t&#237;nh d&#7877; ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n, s&#7921; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7841;t ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t, v&#224; t&#237;nh tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh trong tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; ti&#7873;n &#273;&#7873; &#273;&#7875; Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7897;t phong c&#225;ch thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ri&#234;ng bi&#7879;t, kh&#225;c h&#7859;n so v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng g&#236; &#273;ang di&#7877;n ra c&#249;ng th&#7901;i &#7903; ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fn1Z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6204792-ebb5-4b37-83bd-3dd4710b5bc1_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fn1Z!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6204792-ebb5-4b37-83bd-3dd4710b5bc1_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fn1Z!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6204792-ebb5-4b37-83bd-3dd4710b5bc1_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fn1Z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6204792-ebb5-4b37-83bd-3dd4710b5bc1_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fn1Z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6204792-ebb5-4b37-83bd-3dd4710b5bc1_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fn1Z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6204792-ebb5-4b37-83bd-3dd4710b5bc1_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f6204792-ebb5-4b37-83bd-3dd4710b5bc1_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of text that says '1B. B&#7889;i c&#7843;nh h&#236;nh th&#224;nh: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7841;nh tr&#234;n n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng PC c&#225; nh&#226;n Ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7915; tabletop RPG v&#224; m&#244; ph&#7887;ng &#431;u ti&#234;n sandbox, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng m&#7903;, th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m kh&#244;ng gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n &#183;Modding v&#224; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng s&#225;ng t&#7841;o n&#7897;i dung s&#7899;m h&#236;nh th&#224;nh Tr&#242; ch&#417;i thi&#234;n v&#7873; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng h&#417;n l&#224; tuy&#7871;n truy&#7879;n c&#243; s&#7861;n 14100% 1100%&#29992;86% 14 86% AMMO HEALTH ARMS noMoB GF RoilBocd> Inrigation) AAAAAA AA'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of text that says '1B. B&#7889;i c&#7843;nh h&#236;nh th&#224;nh: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7841;nh tr&#234;n n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng PC c&#225; nh&#226;n Ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7915; tabletop RPG v&#224; m&#244; ph&#7887;ng &#431;u ti&#234;n sandbox, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng m&#7903;, th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m kh&#244;ng gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n &#183;Modding v&#224; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng s&#225;ng t&#7841;o n&#7897;i dung s&#7899;m h&#236;nh th&#224;nh Tr&#242; ch&#417;i thi&#234;n v&#7873; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng h&#417;n l&#224; tuy&#7871;n truy&#7879;n c&#243; s&#7861;n 14100% 1100%&#29992;86% 14 86% AMMO HEALTH ARMS noMoB GF RoilBocd> Inrigation) AAAAAA AA'" title="May be an image of text that says '1B. B&#7889;i c&#7843;nh h&#236;nh th&#224;nh: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7841;nh tr&#234;n n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng PC c&#225; nh&#226;n Ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7915; tabletop RPG v&#224; m&#244; ph&#7887;ng &#431;u ti&#234;n sandbox, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng m&#7903;, th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m kh&#244;ng gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n &#183;Modding v&#224; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng s&#225;ng t&#7841;o n&#7897;i dung s&#7899;m h&#236;nh th&#224;nh Tr&#242; ch&#417;i thi&#234;n v&#7873; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng h&#417;n l&#224; tuy&#7871;n truy&#7879;n c&#243; s&#7861;n 14100% 1100%&#29992;86% 14 86% AMMO HEALTH ARMS noMoB GF RoilBocd> Inrigation) AAAAAA AA'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fn1Z!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6204792-ebb5-4b37-83bd-3dd4710b5bc1_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fn1Z!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6204792-ebb5-4b37-83bd-3dd4710b5bc1_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fn1Z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6204792-ebb5-4b37-83bd-3dd4710b5bc1_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fn1Z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6204792-ebb5-4b37-83bd-3dd4710b5bc1_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#7902; ph&#237;a b&#234;n kia c&#7911;a th&#7871; gi&#7899;i, khi ng&#224;nh game M&#7929; s&#7909;p &#273;&#7893;, m&#7897;t m&#244; h&#236;nh kh&#225;c &#273;ang &#226;m th&#7847;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, &#273;&#243; l&#224; h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i game d&#7921;a tr&#234;n m&#225;y t&#237;nh c&#225; nh&#226;n (PC). Kh&#225;c v&#7899;i console, m&#7897;t thi&#7871;t b&#7883; kh&#233;p k&#237;n v&#224; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng gi&#7843;i tr&#237;, PC &#7903; ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; &#8220;nghi&#234;m t&#250;c&#8221;: linh ho&#7841;t, l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, v&#224; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng cho vi&#7879;c s&#225;ng t&#7841;o. &#272;&#226;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; m&#7843;nh &#273;&#7845;t m&#224;u m&#7905; &#273;&#7875; c&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n nh&#7919;ng game thi&#234;n v&#7873; c&#417; ch&#7871;, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng v&#224; m&#244; ph&#7887;ng, v&#7899;i m&#7897;t tri&#7871;t l&#253; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t ho&#224;n to&#224;n: game l&#224; m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i h&#7885;c c&#225;ch hi&#7875;u, v&#7853;n h&#224;nh v&#224; chi&#7871;m l&#297;nh.</p><p>S&#7921; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng m&#7841;nh m&#7869; t&#7915; c&#225;c game tabletop, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; Dungeons &amp; Dragons, &#273;&#227; h&#236;nh th&#224;nh n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng cho c&#225;c d&#242;ng CRPG &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n nh&#432; Ultima, Wizardry, v&#224; sau n&#224;y l&#224; Fallout. Nh&#7919;ng game n&#224;y kh&#244;ng c&#7889; g&#7855;ng k&#7875; m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7909; th&#7875;, m&#224; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng m&#7897;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i v&#7899;i lu&#7853;t l&#7879; n&#7897;i t&#7841;i, trong &#273;&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7921; do &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. Ch&#237;nh t&#7915; &#273;&#226;y, kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m &#8220;sandbox gameplay&#8221;, n&#417;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i l&#224; ch&#7911; th&#7875; ch&#237;nh ki&#7871;n t&#7841;o tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m, b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#233;n r&#7877;.</p><p>Vi&#7879;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n tr&#234;n PC c&#361;ng cho ph&#233;p kh&#7843; n&#259;ng modding, m&#7897;t &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng v&#259;n h&#243;a c&#7921;c k&#7923; quan tr&#7885;ng &#7903; ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y. Game kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;&#243;ng h&#7897;p t&#297;nh, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng m&#7903; &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i &#8220;ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a&#8221;, &#8220;m&#7903; r&#7897;ng&#8221;, &#8220;c&#7843;i ti&#7871;n&#8221; ho&#7863;c th&#7853;m ch&#237; bi&#7871;n n&#243; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t game m&#7899;i. T&#7915; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng Doom modders &#273;&#7871;n Warcraft III custom maps, n&#417;i khai sinh ra c&#7843; th&#7875; lo&#7841;i MOBA, ch&#250;ng ta th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;ch t&#432; duy v&#7873; game nh&#432; m&#7897;t n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t t&#225;c ph&#7849;m.</p><p>S&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p c&#7911;a game tr&#234;n PC ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y &#273;&#227; s&#7843;n sinh ra nh&#7919;ng th&#7875; lo&#7841;i g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng c&#243; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng trong v&#259;n h&#243;a thi&#7871;t k&#7871; Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng: t&#7915; grand strategy (Civilization, Total War) cho &#273;&#7871;n immersive sim (Deus Ex, Thief), t&#7915; tactical RPG ki&#7875;u X-COM cho &#273;&#7871;n life sim ki&#7875;u The Sims. M&#7895;i th&#7875; lo&#7841;i &#273;&#7873;u ph&#7843;n &#225;nh ni&#7873;m tin s&#226;u s&#7855;c v&#224;o quy&#7873;n n&#259;ng c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i, kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &#273;i&#7873;u h&#432;&#7899;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng, v&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a t&#7921; do c&#225; nh&#226;n.</p><p>Do &#273;&#243;, n&#7871;u Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n t&#7841;o ra nh&#7919;ng game nh&#432; &#8220;b&#7913;c tranh ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i th&#432;&#7903;ng th&#7913;c&#8221;, th&#236; ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y l&#7841;i t&#7841;o ra &#8220;b&#7897; c&#244;ng c&#7909; &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i t&#7921; t&#7841;o n&#234;n tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a m&#236;nh&#8221;. T&#7915; xu&#7845;t ph&#225;t &#273;i&#7875;m n&#224;y, s&#7921; ph&#226;n h&#243;a t&#432; duy thi&#7871;t k&#7871; gi&#7919;a hai b&#225;n c&#7847;u &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7863;t n&#7873;n m&#243;ng, v&#224; k&#233;o d&#224;i &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#7853;n ng&#224;y nay.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LZ_X!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffc02aa59-c14d-47b7-9fb5-78f796d45350_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LZ_X!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffc02aa59-c14d-47b7-9fb5-78f796d45350_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LZ_X!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffc02aa59-c14d-47b7-9fb5-78f796d45350_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LZ_X!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffc02aa59-c14d-47b7-9fb5-78f796d45350_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LZ_X!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffc02aa59-c14d-47b7-9fb5-78f796d45350_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LZ_X!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffc02aa59-c14d-47b7-9fb5-78f796d45350_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fc02aa59-c14d-47b7-9fb5-78f796d45350_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of 2 people and text that says '2A. C&#7845;u tr&#250;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#8226;Tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m v&#224;o &#273;&#7841;o di&#7877;n s&#225;ng t&#7841;o v&#224; vai tr&#242; \&quot;planner\&quot; Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; th&#432;&#7901;ng truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng, ph&#226;n c&#244;ng l&#7887;ng Quy tr&#236;nh thi&#234;n v&#7873; t&#224;i li&#7879;u h&#417;n l&#224; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p Tinh th&#7847;n t&#7853;p th&#7875;, th&#7913; b&#7853;c r&#245; r&#224;ng, b&#7853;cr&#245;r&#224;ng,1 &#237;t ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#8226;G&#7855;n b&#243; l&#226;u d&#224;i, v&#259;n h&#243;a n&#7897;i b&#7897; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of 2 people and text that says '2A. C&#7845;u tr&#250;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#8226;Tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m v&#224;o &#273;&#7841;o di&#7877;n s&#225;ng t&#7841;o v&#224; vai tr&#242; &quot;planner&quot; Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; th&#432;&#7901;ng truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng, ph&#226;n c&#244;ng l&#7887;ng Quy tr&#236;nh thi&#234;n v&#7873; t&#224;i li&#7879;u h&#417;n l&#224; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p Tinh th&#7847;n t&#7853;p th&#7875;, th&#7913; b&#7853;c r&#245; r&#224;ng, b&#7853;cr&#245;r&#224;ng,1 &#237;t ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#8226;G&#7855;n b&#243; l&#226;u d&#224;i, v&#259;n h&#243;a n&#7897;i b&#7897; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh'" title="May be an image of 2 people and text that says '2A. C&#7845;u tr&#250;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#8226;Tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m v&#224;o &#273;&#7841;o di&#7877;n s&#225;ng t&#7841;o v&#224; vai tr&#242; &quot;planner&quot; Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; th&#432;&#7901;ng truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng, ph&#226;n c&#244;ng l&#7887;ng Quy tr&#236;nh thi&#234;n v&#7873; t&#224;i li&#7879;u h&#417;n l&#224; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p Tinh th&#7847;n t&#7853;p th&#7875;, th&#7913; b&#7853;c r&#245; r&#224;ng, b&#7853;cr&#245;r&#224;ng,1 &#237;t ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#8226;G&#7855;n b&#243; l&#226;u d&#224;i, v&#259;n h&#243;a n&#7897;i b&#7897; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LZ_X!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffc02aa59-c14d-47b7-9fb5-78f796d45350_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LZ_X!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffc02aa59-c14d-47b7-9fb5-78f796d45350_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LZ_X!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffc02aa59-c14d-47b7-9fb5-78f796d45350_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LZ_X!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffc02aa59-c14d-47b7-9fb5-78f796d45350_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Khi n&#243;i &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;ch t&#7893; ch&#7913;c v&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n game trong c&#225;c studio Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n, m&#7897;t kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m then ch&#7889;t c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m r&#245; l&#224; vai tr&#242; c&#7911;a planner (kikaku). &#272;&#226;y l&#224; v&#7883; tr&#237; trung t&#226;m trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game t&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u studio Nh&#7853;t, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i kh&#244;ng ho&#224;n to&#224;n t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng v&#7899;i &#8220;game designer&#8221; theo c&#225;ch hi&#7875;u ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y. Planner th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#225;c th&#7843;o &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7893;ng th&#7875;, x&#226;y d&#7921;ng t&#224;i li&#7879;u chi ti&#7871;t cho gameplay, level, flow... v&#224; sau &#273;&#243; giao cho c&#225;c nh&#243;m kh&#225;c tri&#7875;n khai m&#224; kh&#244;ng nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n thao t&#225;c prototyping hay scripting.</p><p>Trong c&#225;ch v&#7853;n h&#224;nh n&#224;y, vai tr&#242; c&#7911;a planner g&#7847;n v&#7899;i &#8220;ng&#432;&#7901;i ki&#7871;n t&#7841;o t&#7847;m nh&#236;n&#8221;, h&#7885; kh&#244;ng l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh, kh&#244;ng d&#249;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; Unity hay Unreal &#273;&#7875; d&#7921;ng th&#7917; prototype, m&#224; truy&#7873;n t&#7843;i &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng th&#244;ng qua t&#224;i li&#7879;u vi&#7871;t tay, b&#7843;n thuy&#7871;t minh ho&#7863;c b&#7843;ng bi&#7875;u. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y khi&#7871;n qu&#225; tr&#236;nh thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#7903; Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng mang t&#237;nh tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh v&#224; t&#224;i li&#7879;u h&#243;a cao h&#417;n, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i k&#233;m linh ho&#7841;t trong vi&#7879;c th&#7917;-sai v&#224; ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng nhanh ch&#243;ng. M&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;y ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i c&#225;c studio nh&#7887;, v&#7853;n h&#224;nh l&#226;u n&#259;m, ho&#7863;c khi c&#243; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7841;o di&#7877;n s&#225;ng t&#7841;o m&#7841;nh m&#7869; gi&#7919; vai tr&#242; trung t&#226;m, nh&#432; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p Hideo Kojima (Konami), Tetsuya Nomura (Square Enix), hay Goichi Suda (Grasshopper Manufacture).</p><p>B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, v&#259;n h&#243;a l&#224;m vi&#7879;c trong c&#225;c studio Nh&#7853;t c&#361;ng &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng s&#226;u s&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n c&#7845;u tr&#250;c n&#7897;i b&#7897;. Th&#7913; b&#7853;c v&#224; tu&#7893;i ngh&#7873; &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; quan tr&#7885;ng, v&#224; vi&#7879;c &#8220;ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n c&#244;ng khai&#8221; hay &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t c&#7843;i ti&#7871;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; b&#7903;i s&#7921; d&#232; d&#7863;t v&#224; t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng tr&#7853;t t&#7921;. Nhi&#7873;u developer ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y t&#7915;ng l&#224;m vi&#7879;c t&#7841;i Nh&#7853;t nh&#7853;n x&#233;t r&#7857;ng &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng d&#249; kh&#7843; thi v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; b&#7887; qua n&#7871;u &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i qu&#225; tr&#7867;, ho&#7863;c ch&#432;a &#273;&#250;ng &#8220;vai v&#7871;&#8221;.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, ch&#237;nh s&#7921; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh trong c&#7845;u tr&#250;c n&#224;y l&#7841;i mang &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t l&#7907;i th&#7871; hi&#7871;m c&#243;: s&#7921; g&#7855;n b&#243; l&#226;u d&#224;i v&#224; tinh th&#7847;n t&#7853;p th&#7875; cao. Nh&#226;n s&#7921; g&#7855;n b&#243; h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c n&#259;m v&#7899;i studio gi&#250;p gi&#7919; v&#7919;ng b&#7843;n s&#7855;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871;, tinh ch&#7881;nh s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#7897; ho&#224;n thi&#7879;n cao &#273;&#7897;, v&#224; duy tr&#236; c&#225;c &#8220;di s&#7843;n thi&#7871;t k&#7871;&#8221; mang t&#237;nh nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u, nh&#432; ch&#7845;t c&#7911;a Nintendo, Square Enix hay Atlus.</p><p>T&#7893;ng k&#7871;t l&#7841;i, c&#7845;u tr&#250;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c studio Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng nghi&#234;ng v&#7873; m&#244; h&#236;nh &#273;&#7841;o di&#7877;n d&#7851;n d&#7855;t s&#225;ng t&#7841;o, planner l&#224;m trung gian, v&#224; nh&#243;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n nh&#432; m&#7897;t th&#7875; th&#7889;ng nh&#7845;t th&#7921;c thi t&#7847;m nh&#236;n. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng t&#237;nh &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng th&#7849;m m&#7929; v&#224; m&#7841;ch truy&#7879;n li&#7873;n m&#7841;ch, nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng g&#7863;p kh&#243; kh&#259;n trong vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7893;i m&#7899;i c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; hay m&#7903; r&#7897;ng ra c&#225;c m&#244; h&#236;nh thi&#7871;t k&#7871; m&#7903; v&#224; linh ho&#7841;t h&#417;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1vm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F946172db-a143-4c38-8da7-5d82a28b5051_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1vm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F946172db-a143-4c38-8da7-5d82a28b5051_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1vm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F946172db-a143-4c38-8da7-5d82a28b5051_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1vm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F946172db-a143-4c38-8da7-5d82a28b5051_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1vm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F946172db-a143-4c38-8da7-5d82a28b5051_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1vm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F946172db-a143-4c38-8da7-5d82a28b5051_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/946172db-a143-4c38-8da7-5d82a28b5051_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of 1 person and text that says '2B. C&#7845;u tr&#250;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Key Roles AAA Game Development a Ph&#226;n vai r&#245; r&#224;ng: systems, level, narrative, economy... Designer s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7875; :/ Frucucar Menager Manaper &#6036;&#6075;&#6031;&#6050;&#6098;&#6035;&#6016; Senorlead An MaT&#1080;u&#1080; erkoolesd anectiLand Programmarz Seoread LeG&#225;ErNTS Jatier aYTN Denigrees Anmatars Gi Miodiewang Anirizto's Audn prototype Quy tr&#236;nh nhanh, l&#7863;p, ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng li&#234;n t&#7909;c T&#432; duy &#273;a chi&#7873;u, ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n m&#7903;, feedback ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng Nh&#226;n s&#7921; lu&#226;n chuy&#7875;n linh ho&#7841;t, c&#7897;ng t&#225;c xuy&#234;n d&#7921; &#225;n Leaghers cateatkr &#37327; haruchinipiosuty.Pboibpe'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of 1 person and text that says '2B. C&#7845;u tr&#250;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Key Roles AAA Game Development a Ph&#226;n vai r&#245; r&#224;ng: systems, level, narrative, economy... Designer s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7875; :/ Frucucar Menager Manaper &#6036;&#6075;&#6031;&#6050;&#6098;&#6035;&#6016; Senorlead An MaT&#1080;u&#1080; erkoolesd anectiLand Programmarz Seoread LeG&#225;ErNTS Jatier aYTN Denigrees Anmatars Gi Miodiewang Anirizto's Audn prototype Quy tr&#236;nh nhanh, l&#7863;p, ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng li&#234;n t&#7909;c T&#432; duy &#273;a chi&#7873;u, ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n m&#7903;, feedback ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng Nh&#226;n s&#7921; lu&#226;n chuy&#7875;n linh ho&#7841;t, c&#7897;ng t&#225;c xuy&#234;n d&#7921; &#225;n Leaghers cateatkr &#37327; haruchinipiosuty.Pboibpe'" title="May be an image of 1 person and text that says '2B. C&#7845;u tr&#250;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Key Roles AAA Game Development a Ph&#226;n vai r&#245; r&#224;ng: systems, level, narrative, economy... Designer s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7875; :/ Frucucar Menager Manaper &#6036;&#6075;&#6031;&#6050;&#6098;&#6035;&#6016; Senorlead An MaT&#1080;u&#1080; erkoolesd anectiLand Programmarz Seoread LeG&#225;ErNTS Jatier aYTN Denigrees Anmatars Gi Miodiewang Anirizto's Audn prototype Quy tr&#236;nh nhanh, l&#7863;p, ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng li&#234;n t&#7909;c T&#432; duy &#273;a chi&#7873;u, ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n m&#7903;, feedback ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng Nh&#226;n s&#7921; lu&#226;n chuy&#7875;n linh ho&#7841;t, c&#7897;ng t&#225;c xuy&#234;n d&#7921; &#225;n Leaghers cateatkr &#37327; haruchinipiosuty.Pboibpe'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1vm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F946172db-a143-4c38-8da7-5d82a28b5051_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1vm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F946172db-a143-4c38-8da7-5d82a28b5051_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1vm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F946172db-a143-4c38-8da7-5d82a28b5051_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1vm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F946172db-a143-4c38-8da7-5d82a28b5051_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Tr&#225;i ng&#432;&#7907;c v&#7899;i m&#244; h&#236;nh planner truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng &#7903; Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n, c&#225;c studio ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y th&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7893; ch&#7913;c &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n d&#7921;a tr&#234;n s&#7921; chuy&#234;n h&#243;a v&#224; ph&#226;n c&#244;ng r&#7841;ch r&#242;i. Trong m&#7897;t d&#7921; &#225;n game ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n c&#7911;a M&#7929; ho&#7863;c ch&#226;u &#194;u, c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y r&#245; t&#7915;ng v&#7883; tr&#237; c&#7909; th&#7875; nh&#432; systems designer (thi&#7871;t k&#7871; c&#417; ch&#7871;), level designer (thi&#7871;t k&#7871; m&#224;n ch&#417;i), narrative designer (thi&#7871;t k&#7871; c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n v&#224; h&#7897;i tho&#7841;i), combat designer, UX designer, th&#7853;m ch&#237; c&#7843; v&#7883; tr&#237; monetization ho&#7863;c retention designer &#7903; c&#225;c studio l&#224;m game d&#7883;ch v&#7909;.</p><p>&#272;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; vi&#7879;c designer tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#273;&#7875; d&#7921;ng prototype, thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p c&#417; ch&#7871; gameplay, vi&#7871;t script ho&#7863;c th&#7853;m ch&#237; s&#7917;a tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p trong engine. C&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#432;a &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng, m&#224; c&#242;n l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng v&#224; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i n&#243; b&#7857;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u, th&#244;ng qua vi&#7879;c ch&#417;i th&#7917;, &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; tinh ch&#7881;nh li&#234;n t&#7909;c. Ch&#237;nh t&#432; duy n&#224;y &#273;&#227; h&#236;nh th&#224;nh n&#234;n tri&#7871;t l&#253; &#8220;fail fast&#8221;, th&#7845;t b&#7841;i s&#7899;m &#273;&#7875; h&#7885;c nhanh, r&#7891;i s&#7917;a l&#7841;i ngay t&#7915; giai &#273;o&#7841;n &#273;&#7847;u s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7911;ng c&#7889; b&#7903;i v&#259;n h&#243;a ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n m&#7903; v&#224; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p t&#225;c li&#234;n ng&#224;nh. M&#7895;i th&#224;nh vi&#234;n trong nh&#243;m, d&#249; l&#224; junior hay senior, &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; quy&#7873;n &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i, ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n kh&#225;c. Vi&#7879;c t&#7893; ch&#7913;c c&#225;c bu&#7893;i design review, playtest n&#7897;i b&#7897; &#273;&#7883;nh k&#7923;, v&#224; postmortem cu&#7889;i m&#7895;i sprint l&#224; th&#244;ng l&#7879; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n, nh&#7857;m &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o r&#7857;ng to&#224;n &#273;&#7897;i &#273;ang &#273;i &#273;&#250;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng v&#224; h&#7885;c h&#7887;i l&#7851;n nhau li&#234;n t&#7909;c.</p><p>M&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253; n&#7919;a l&#224; nh&#226;n s&#7921; trong studio ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y lu&#226;n chuy&#7875;n th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n gi&#7919;a c&#225;c d&#7921; &#225;n, th&#7853;m ch&#237; gi&#7919;a c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y t&#7841;o ra d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y tri th&#7913;c m&#7841;nh m&#7869;, gi&#250;p c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ti&#234;n ti&#7871;n lan t&#7887;a nhanh ch&#243;ng. Tuy nhi&#234;n, &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y c&#361;ng khi&#7871;n vi&#7879;c duy tr&#236; b&#7843;n s&#7855;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; l&#226;u d&#224;i tr&#7903; n&#234;n kh&#243; kh&#259;n h&#417;n. M&#7897;t studio c&#243; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i phong c&#225;ch ch&#7881; sau m&#7897;t th&#7871; h&#7879; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m.</p><p>T&#7893;ng th&#7875;, c&#7845;u tr&#250;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c studio ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng tr&#234;n n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng t&#432; duy h&#7879; th&#7889;ng, k&#7929; n&#259;ng th&#7921;c h&#224;nh v&#224; ph&#7843;n x&#7841; nhanh v&#7899;i sai s&#7889; thi&#7871;t k&#7871;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng l&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n nh&#7919;ng game ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p, m&#7903; r&#7897;ng quy m&#244; d&#7877; d&#224;ng, v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#7851;n &#273;&#7847;u v&#7873; &#273;&#7893;i m&#7899;i c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; ho&#7863;c tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i m&#7899;i l&#7841;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Rwa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6eaf05b-7846-49f8-a214-27ceeca75193_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Rwa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6eaf05b-7846-49f8-a214-27ceeca75193_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Rwa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6eaf05b-7846-49f8-a214-27ceeca75193_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Rwa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6eaf05b-7846-49f8-a214-27ceeca75193_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Rwa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6eaf05b-7846-49f8-a214-27ceeca75193_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Rwa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6eaf05b-7846-49f8-a214-27ceeca75193_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a6eaf05b-7846-49f8-a214-27ceeca75193_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of 5 people and text that says '3A. duy s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#4123;&#4141;&#4143;&#4151;&#4123;&#4100; Quy tr&#236;nh ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#237;t mang t&#237;nh h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#272;&#7841;o di&#7877;n s&#225;ng t&#7841;o gi&#7919; quy&#7873;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh cu&#7889;i &#3629;&#3641;&#3588; &#20849;&#20877;&#12399; c&#249;ng T&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng b&#7857;ng overtime v&#224; ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a cu&#7889;i k&#7923; L&#224;m t&#224;i li&#7879;u tr&#432;&#7899;c, code v&#224; gameplay sau &#8226;Kh&#243; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t quy m&#244; l&#7899;n'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of 5 people and text that says '3A. duy s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#4123;&#4141;&#4143;&#4151;&#4123;&#4100; Quy tr&#236;nh ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#237;t mang t&#237;nh h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#272;&#7841;o di&#7877;n s&#225;ng t&#7841;o gi&#7919; quy&#7873;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh cu&#7889;i &#3629;&#3641;&#3588; &#20849;&#20877;&#12399; c&#249;ng T&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng b&#7857;ng overtime v&#224; ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a cu&#7889;i k&#7923; L&#224;m t&#224;i li&#7879;u tr&#432;&#7899;c, code v&#224; gameplay sau &#8226;Kh&#243; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t quy m&#244; l&#7899;n'" title="May be an image of 5 people and text that says '3A. duy s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#4123;&#4141;&#4143;&#4151;&#4123;&#4100; Quy tr&#236;nh ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#237;t mang t&#237;nh h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#272;&#7841;o di&#7877;n s&#225;ng t&#7841;o gi&#7919; quy&#7873;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh cu&#7889;i &#3629;&#3641;&#3588; &#20849;&#20877;&#12399; c&#249;ng T&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng b&#7857;ng overtime v&#224; ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a cu&#7889;i k&#7923; L&#224;m t&#224;i li&#7879;u tr&#432;&#7899;c, code v&#224; gameplay sau &#8226;Kh&#243; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t quy m&#244; l&#7899;n'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Rwa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6eaf05b-7846-49f8-a214-27ceeca75193_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Rwa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6eaf05b-7846-49f8-a214-27ceeca75193_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Rwa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6eaf05b-7846-49f8-a214-27ceeca75193_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Rwa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6eaf05b-7846-49f8-a214-27ceeca75193_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Khi quan s&#225;t c&#225;ch v&#7853;n h&#224;nh s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t t&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u studio game truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng &#7903; Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n hay H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c, ta d&#7877; d&#224;ng nh&#7853;n th&#7845;y m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u: quy tr&#236;nh l&#224;m game kh&#244;ng d&#7921;a tr&#234;n m&#244; h&#236;nh qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; d&#7921; &#225;n hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i, m&#224; ch&#7911; y&#7871;u d&#7921;a tr&#234;n tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#225; nh&#226;n, tr&#7921;c gi&#225;c s&#225;ng t&#7841;o v&#224; v&#259;n h&#243;a l&#224;m vi&#7879;c n&#7897;i b&#7897; l&#226;u &#273;&#7901;i.</p><p>Trong c&#225;c studio Nh&#7853;t, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; nh&#7919;ng n&#417;i c&#243; "&#273;&#7841;o di&#7877;n ng&#244;i sao", vi&#7879;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7897;t game th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7857;ng t&#7847;m nh&#236;n c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7913;ng &#273;&#7847;u, sau &#273;&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chuy&#7875;n t&#7843;i th&#224;nh t&#224;i li&#7879;u thi&#7871;t k&#7871; chi ti&#7871;t. Planner ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7841;o di&#7877;n s&#7869; vi&#7871;t h&#224;ng tr&#259;m trang t&#224;i li&#7879;u m&#244; t&#7843; logic gameplay, di&#7877;n ti&#7871;n m&#224;n ch&#417;i, h&#224;nh vi AI&#8230; v&#224; ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n nh&#243;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n s&#7869; l&#224;m theo &#273;&#250;ng k&#7883;ch b&#7843;n &#273;&#243;, v&#7899;i r&#7845;t &#237;t ch&#7895; cho th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m linh ho&#7841;t trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#273;&#7847;u.</p><p>&#272;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253; l&#224; trong m&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;y, qu&#225; tr&#236;nh th&#7917;-sai, s&#7917;a kh&#244;ng x&#7843;y ra s&#7899;m, m&#224; d&#7891;n v&#7873; giai &#273;o&#7841;n sau c&#7911;a d&#7921; &#225;n, th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; l&#250;c "n&#7897;i b&#7897; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y ch&#432;a &#7893;n" ho&#7863;c ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n r&#7857;ng gameplay kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7843;m gi&#225;c mong mu&#7889;n. T&#7915; &#273;&#243;, m&#7897;t giai &#273;o&#7841;n overtime b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u: c&#225;c nh&#243;m h&#7885;a s&#297;, l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh vi&#234;n, designer bu&#7897;c ph&#7843;i ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a, thay th&#7871;, "g&#7885;t gi&#361;a" t&#7915;ng chi ti&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7897; tinh x&#7843;o m&#224; &#273;&#7841;o di&#7877;n h&#236;nh dung ban &#273;&#7847;u.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t ngh&#7883;ch l&#253;: s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;&#7847;u ra th&#432;&#7901;ng r&#7845;t ho&#224;n thi&#7879;n v&#7873; m&#7863;t c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#224; th&#7849;m m&#7929;, nh&#432;ng quy tr&#236;nh n&#7897;i b&#7897; l&#7841;i thi&#7871;u kh&#7843; n&#259;ng m&#7903; r&#7897;ng. Khi quy m&#244; d&#7921; &#225;n t&#259;ng l&#234;n, s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia v&#432;&#7907;t ng&#432;&#7905;ng 100&#8211;200 ng&#432;&#7901;i, m&#244; h&#236;nh d&#7921;a tr&#234;n linh c&#7843;m v&#224; s&#7917;a ch&#7919;a cu&#7889;i k&#7923; d&#7877; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n tr&#7877; deadline, thi&#7871;u &#273;&#7891;ng b&#7897;, v&#224; kh&#243; qu&#7843;n l&#253; r&#7911;i ro.</p><p>Ngo&#224;i ra, c&#225;c studio Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng c&#361;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng thi&#7871;u b&#7897; ph&#7853;n chuy&#234;n tr&#225;ch v&#7873; qu&#7843;n l&#253; d&#7921; &#225;n theo ki&#7875;u ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y (producer, project manager, ho&#7863;c scrum master). Planner ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7841;o di&#7877;n v&#7915;a l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#225;ng t&#7841;o, v&#7915;a ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m gi&#225;m s&#225;t ti&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;, &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y ch&#7881; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; khi quy m&#244; nh&#243;m c&#242;n nh&#7887;, ho&#7863;c c&#225;c c&#225; nh&#226;n c&#243; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c v&#432;&#7907;t tr&#7897;i.</p><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, t&#432; duy s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t t&#7841;i Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng tr&#234;n n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng c&#7911;a v&#259;n h&#243;a th&#7911; c&#244;ng, n&#417;i ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7907; c&#7843; (&#273;&#7841;o di&#7877;n) gi&#7919; vai tr&#242; trung t&#226;m, v&#224; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m l&#224; k&#7871;t tinh c&#7911;a qu&#225; tr&#236;nh tinh ch&#7881;nh theo c&#7843;m quan ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t h&#417;n l&#224; ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t hay d&#7919; li&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIZ2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F317080dc-289d-4bad-b8ff-81a954c057ef_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIZ2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F317080dc-289d-4bad-b8ff-81a954c057ef_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIZ2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F317080dc-289d-4bad-b8ff-81a954c057ef_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIZ2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F317080dc-289d-4bad-b8ff-81a954c057ef_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIZ2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F317080dc-289d-4bad-b8ff-81a954c057ef_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIZ2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F317080dc-289d-4bad-b8ff-81a954c057ef_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/317080dc-289d-4bad-b8ff-81a954c057ef_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be a graphic of text that says '3B. T&#432; duy s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Board o&#1083;aT&#1080;R- &#193;p d&#7909;ng quy tr&#236;nh Agile/Scrum trong qu&#7843;n l&#253; d&#7921; &#225;n M&#7895;i giai &#273;o&#7841;n ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#243; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u v&#224; KPI r&#245; r&#224;ng Iteration li&#234;n t&#7909;c: prototype, playtest, &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh Ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t r&#245; vai tr&#242;: producer, designer, UX, QA... T&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a pipeline &#273;&#7875; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng d&#7921; &#225;n quy m&#244; Deilg Scran l&#7899;n Sprist Froduat Backloy Houry Backlag Fitentially Spimatle Shippable C Gote We-ekos'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be a graphic of text that says '3B. T&#432; duy s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Board o&#1083;aT&#1080;R- &#193;p d&#7909;ng quy tr&#236;nh Agile/Scrum trong qu&#7843;n l&#253; d&#7921; &#225;n M&#7895;i giai &#273;o&#7841;n ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#243; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u v&#224; KPI r&#245; r&#224;ng Iteration li&#234;n t&#7909;c: prototype, playtest, &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh Ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t r&#245; vai tr&#242;: producer, designer, UX, QA... T&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a pipeline &#273;&#7875; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng d&#7921; &#225;n quy m&#244; Deilg Scran l&#7899;n Sprist Froduat Backloy Houry Backlag Fitentially Spimatle Shippable C Gote We-ekos'" title="May be a graphic of text that says '3B. T&#432; duy s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Board o&#1083;aT&#1080;R- &#193;p d&#7909;ng quy tr&#236;nh Agile/Scrum trong qu&#7843;n l&#253; d&#7921; &#225;n M&#7895;i giai &#273;o&#7841;n ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#243; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u v&#224; KPI r&#245; r&#224;ng Iteration li&#234;n t&#7909;c: prototype, playtest, &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh Ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t r&#245; vai tr&#242;: producer, designer, UX, QA... T&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a pipeline &#273;&#7875; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng d&#7921; &#225;n quy m&#244; Deilg Scran l&#7899;n Sprist Froduat Backloy Houry Backlag Fitentially Spimatle Shippable C Gote We-ekos'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIZ2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F317080dc-289d-4bad-b8ff-81a954c057ef_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIZ2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F317080dc-289d-4bad-b8ff-81a954c057ef_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIZ2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F317080dc-289d-4bad-b8ff-81a954c057ef_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OIZ2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F317080dc-289d-4bad-b8ff-81a954c057ef_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i v&#7899;i tinh th&#7847;n 'ngh&#7879; nh&#226;n' c&#7911;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng, t&#432; duy s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t game t&#7841;i ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y mang n&#7863;ng &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7915; c&#244;ng nghi&#7879;p ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m, n&#417;i quy tr&#236;nh, d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng m&#7903; r&#7897;ng &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; trung t&#226;m. Trong c&#225;c studio M&#7929; v&#224; ch&#226;u &#194;u, vi&#7879;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7897;t game th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia th&#224;nh c&#225;c giai &#273;o&#7841;n r&#245; r&#224;ng, m&#7895;i giai &#273;o&#7841;n c&#243; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7909; th&#7875;, ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; tr&#225;ch v&#224; ch&#7881; s&#7889; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng ti&#7871;n &#273;&#7897; (KPI) t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng.</p><p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t c&#7889;t l&#245;i l&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y kh&#244;ng coi &#8220;&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng s&#225;ng t&#7841;o&#8221; l&#224; trung t&#226;m duy nh&#7845;t, m&#224; &#273;&#7873; cao vi&#7879;c &#273;&#432;a &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#243; v&#224;o ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng c&#224;ng s&#7899;m c&#224;ng t&#7889;t. T&#432; duy n&#224;y th&#7875; hi&#7879;n r&#245; trong vi&#7879;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng m&#244; h&#236;nh Agile/Scrum: d&#7921; &#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia th&#224;nh c&#225;c &#8220;sprint&#8221; ng&#7855;n (th&#432;&#7901;ng 2 tu&#7847;n), m&#7895;i sprint t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7909; th&#7875; c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, d&#249; ch&#7881; l&#224; prototype r&#7845;t c&#417; b&#7843;n. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y gi&#250;p to&#224;n &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; nh&#236;n th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#7871;t qu&#7843; th&#7921;c t&#7871;, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n l&#7895;i, &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh s&#7899;m v&#224; tr&#225;nh l&#227;ng ph&#237; t&#224;i nguy&#234;n.</p><p>C&#225;c v&#7883; tr&#237; trong nh&#243;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chuy&#234;n m&#244;n h&#243;a r&#245; r&#7879;t. Ng&#432;&#7901;i thi&#7871;t k&#7871; kh&#244;ng nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i vi&#7871;t t&#224;i li&#7879;u, ng&#432;&#7901;i qu&#7843;n l&#253; d&#7921; &#225;n kh&#244;ng can thi&#7879;p v&#224;o n&#7897;i dung s&#225;ng t&#7841;o, v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m QA (quality assurance) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#233;p &#273;&#432;a ra ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng. C&#7845;u tr&#250;c n&#224;y gi&#250;p m&#7895;i c&#225; nh&#226;n t&#7853;p trung t&#7889;i &#432;u trong l&#297;nh v&#7921;c c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i t&#7841;o ra h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;&#7889;i chi&#7871;u ch&#233;o gi&#7919;a c&#225;c b&#7897; ph&#7853;n, m&#7897;t &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng c&#7911;a t&#432; duy c&#244;ng nghi&#7879;p hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i.</p><p>Th&#234;m v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, h&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c game ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n song song v&#7899;i h&#7879; th&#7889;ng playtest n&#7897;i b&#7897; ho&#7863;c thu&#234; ngo&#224;i. T&#7915; c&#225;c b&#7843;n alpha, beta &#273;&#7871;n user lab test, m&#7885;i giai &#273;o&#7841;n &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c so s&#225;nh v&#7899;i tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m th&#7921;c t&#7871; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; ch&#7911; quan c&#7911;a &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n. Vi&#7879;c n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; gi&#250;p gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u blind spot, m&#224; c&#242;n gi&#250;p game t&#7889;i &#432;u UX v&#224; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i l&#226;u d&#224;i h&#417;n.</p><p>&#272;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; l&#253; do t&#7841;i sao c&#225;c studio ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng m&#7903; r&#7897;ng quy m&#244; d&#7921; &#225;n l&#234;n h&#224;ng tr&#259;m, th&#7853;m ch&#237; h&#224;ng ng&#224;n nh&#226;n s&#7921; m&#224; v&#7851;n &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o ti&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;. Nh&#7901; pipeline t&#7889;i &#432;u, quy tr&#236;nh h&#243;a t&#7915;ng b&#432;&#7899;c, v&#224; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m h&#7895; tr&#7907; (Perforce, Jira, Confluence, v.v.), c&#225;c d&#7921; &#225;n nh&#432; Assassin&#8217;s Creed, Call of Duty, Cyberpunk 2077 c&#243; th&#7875; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng d&#226;y chuy&#7873;n s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t ph&#7913;c h&#7907;p, nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n gi&#7919; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#225;ng t&#7841;o &#7903; m&#7913;c cao.</p><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, t&#432; duy s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t t&#7841;i Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y &#432;u ti&#234;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ki&#7875;m so&#225;t, l&#7863;p l&#7841;i v&#224; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng, xem game nh&#432; m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c qu&#7843;n l&#253;, &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; ho&#224;n thi&#7879;n d&#7847;n d&#7847;n th&#244;ng qua ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i th&#7921;c t&#7871;, thay v&#236; tr&#244;ng ch&#7901; v&#224;o s&#7921; &#8220;t&#7887;a s&#225;ng&#8221; cu&#7889;i k&#7923; c&#7911;a c&#225; nh&#226;n xu&#7845;t ch&#250;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3ilB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7628136-2495-4067-9333-1b248f4b826d_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3ilB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7628136-2495-4067-9333-1b248f4b826d_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3ilB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7628136-2495-4067-9333-1b248f4b826d_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3ilB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7628136-2495-4067-9333-1b248f4b826d_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3ilB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7628136-2495-4067-9333-1b248f4b826d_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3ilB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7628136-2495-4067-9333-1b248f4b826d_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b7628136-2495-4067-9333-1b248f4b826d_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of 6 people and text that says '4A. C&#225;ch k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng Nh&#226;n v&#7853;t c&#243; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh r&#245; r&#224;ng, th&#432;&#7901;ng theo tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i nh&#7853;p vai v&#224;o vai tr&#242; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh tr&#432;&#7899;c Tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m v&#224;o quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#226;n v&#7853;t, c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#224; hy sinh K&#7875; chuy&#7879;n b&#7857;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng: m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng, chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u, h&#224;nh vi nh&#226;n v&#7853;t Motif \&quot;ph&#7843;n kh&#225;ng s&#7889; m&#7879;nh\&quot;, \&quot;s&#7913;C m&#7841;nh t&#236;nh b&#7841;n\&quot; &#12405;&#12540;&#12356;&#12467;r&#12540;1&#24180;&#12540; 1&#47336;'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of 6 people and text that says '4A. C&#225;ch k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng Nh&#226;n v&#7853;t c&#243; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh r&#245; r&#224;ng, th&#432;&#7901;ng theo tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i nh&#7853;p vai v&#224;o vai tr&#242; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh tr&#432;&#7899;c Tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m v&#224;o quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#226;n v&#7853;t, c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#224; hy sinh K&#7875; chuy&#7879;n b&#7857;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng: m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng, chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u, h&#224;nh vi nh&#226;n v&#7853;t Motif &quot;ph&#7843;n kh&#225;ng s&#7889; m&#7879;nh&quot;, &quot;s&#7913;C m&#7841;nh t&#236;nh b&#7841;n&quot; &#12405;&#12540;&#12356;&#12467;r&#12540;1&#24180;&#12540; 1&#47336;'" title="May be an image of 6 people and text that says '4A. C&#225;ch k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng Nh&#226;n v&#7853;t c&#243; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh r&#245; r&#224;ng, th&#432;&#7901;ng theo tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i nh&#7853;p vai v&#224;o vai tr&#242; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh tr&#432;&#7899;c Tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m v&#224;o quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#226;n v&#7853;t, c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#224; hy sinh K&#7875; chuy&#7879;n b&#7857;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng: m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng, chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u, h&#224;nh vi nh&#226;n v&#7853;t Motif &quot;ph&#7843;n kh&#225;ng s&#7889; m&#7879;nh&quot;, &quot;s&#7913;C m&#7841;nh t&#236;nh b&#7841;n&quot; &#12405;&#12540;&#12356;&#12467;r&#12540;1&#24180;&#12540; 1&#47336;'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3ilB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7628136-2495-4067-9333-1b248f4b826d_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3ilB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7628136-2495-4067-9333-1b248f4b826d_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3ilB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7628136-2495-4067-9333-1b248f4b826d_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3ilB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7628136-2495-4067-9333-1b248f4b826d_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7877; nh&#7853;n ra nh&#7845;t trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng l&#224; c&#225;ch k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng m&#7897;t tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#234;n so&#7841;n tr&#432;&#7899;c, trong &#273;&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng t&#7841;o ra c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n m&#224; tr&#7843;i qua c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n &#273;&#243;, th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; t&#7915; g&#243;c nh&#236;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t nh&#226;n v&#7853;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7861;n. Trong c&#225;c t&#7921;a game &#273;i&#7875;n h&#236;nh nh&#432; Final Fantasy, Chrono Trigger, Persona hay Nier: Automata, ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o m&#7897;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#273;&#227; c&#243; s&#7861;n ng&#7919; c&#7843;nh, nh&#226;n v&#7853;t, xung &#273;&#7897;t, v&#224; nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; c&#7911;a h&#7885; l&#224; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n vai di&#7877;n &#7845;y m&#7897;t c&#225;ch tr&#7885;n v&#7865;n, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i t&#249;y bi&#7871;n hay s&#225;ng t&#225;c l&#7841;i.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y ph&#7843;n &#225;nh m&#7897;t t&#432; duy r&#7845;t &#272;&#244;ng &#193; trong vi&#7879;c k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n: c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i n&#417;i &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i ki&#7875;m so&#225;t, m&#224; l&#224; n&#417;i &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#7843;m th&#7909;, &#273;&#7891;ng h&#224;nh, nh&#7853;p t&#226;m v&#224; gi&#7843;i m&#227; &#253; ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n c&#243; t&#237;nh ch&#7845;t &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c, t&#236;nh c&#7843;m, ho&#7863;c tri&#7871;t l&#253;. Nh&#226;n v&#7853;t ch&#237;nh trong JRPG hi&#7871;m khi l&#224; m&#7897;t "t&#7845;m b&#7843;ng tr&#7855;ng" cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i t&#7921; vi&#7871;t l&#234;n, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225; th&#7875; c&#243; qu&#225; kh&#7913;, c&#243; &#273;&#7897;ng c&#417; v&#224; ch&#7883;u r&#224;ng bu&#7897;c b&#7903;i th&#7871; gi&#7899;i xung quanh. Nh&#7919;ng kho&#7843;nh kh&#7855;c cao tr&#224;o trong c&#225;c game n&#224;y kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; vi&#7879;c &#8220;ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh k&#7871;t c&#7909;c&#8221;, m&#224; l&#224; khi ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i b&#7883; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t k&#7871;t c&#7909;c t&#7845;t y&#7871;u v&#224; bu&#7897;c ph&#7843;i ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n n&#243;, nh&#432; m&#7897;t b&#224;i h&#7885;c v&#7873; s&#7921; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh, m&#7845;t m&#225;t hay hy sinh.</p><p>Kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; d&#7915;ng &#7903; cutscene hay h&#7897;i tho&#7841;i, k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n trong game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng c&#242;n di&#7877;n ra th&#244;ng qua h&#7879; th&#7889;ng gameplay, v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; khi chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u c&#224;ng v&#7873; cu&#7889;i game c&#224;ng bu&#7897;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i h&#7907;p t&#225;c v&#7899;i &#273;&#7891;ng &#273;&#7897;i, ho&#7863;c khi m&#7897;t nh&#226;n v&#7853;t hy sinh &#273;&#7875; c&#7913;u nh&#243;m, th&#236; s&#7921; ki&#7879;n &#7845;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; x&#7843;y ra trong c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n m&#224; c&#242;n thay &#273;&#7893;i v&#297;nh vi&#7877;n l&#7889;i ch&#417;i c&#7911;a b&#7841;n. Nh&#432; trong Final Fantasy VII, khi Aerith m&#7845;t &#273;i, &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#250; s&#7889;c c&#7843;m x&#250;c, m&#224; l&#224; s&#7921; m&#7845;t m&#225;t th&#7921;c s&#7921; v&#7873; m&#7863;t chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t, b&#7855;t bu&#7897;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i t&#225;i c&#7845;u tr&#250;c l&#7841;i c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n combat.</p><p>Ngo&#224;i ra, thi&#7871;t k&#7871; k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n &#7903; Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng c&#361;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng mang m&#224;u s&#7855;c &#7849;n d&#7909; v&#224; bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng m&#7841;nh. Nh&#226;n v&#7853;t, qu&#225;i v&#7853;t, th&#7853;m ch&#237; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; hi&#7879;n th&#226;n c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng m&#244; t&#237;p v&#259;n h&#243;a quen thu&#7897;c: &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7879;nh, lu&#226;n h&#7891;i, g&#225;nh n&#7863;ng t&#7853;p th&#7875;, t&#236;nh b&#7841;n nh&#432; &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7879;nh&#8230; C&#225;c game c&#7911;a FromSoftware nh&#432; Dark Souls hay Sekiro tuy t&#7889;i gi&#7843;n v&#7873; l&#7901;i tho&#7841;i, nh&#432;ng c&#7845;u tr&#250;c th&#7871; gi&#7899;i v&#224; quy t&#7855;c gameplay l&#7841;i &#7849;n ch&#7913;a m&#7897;t h&#7879; h&#236;nh k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n &#273;&#7847;y ch&#7845;t &#272;&#244;ng &#193;: im l&#7863;ng, g&#7907;i m&#7903;, v&#224; &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i t&#7921; di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i th&#244;ng qua c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n.</p><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n trong game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7863;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i v&#224;o vai ng&#432;&#7901;i vi&#7871;t l&#7841;i l&#7883;ch s&#7917;, m&#224; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m l&#7883;ch s&#7917; &#273;ang di&#7877;n ra, nh&#7853;p vai v&#224;o m&#7897;t h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m b&#7841;n rung &#273;&#7897;ng, th&#225;ch th&#7913;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c, v&#224; d&#7851;n d&#7855;t b&#7841;n &#273;i &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i c&#7843;m x&#250;c c&#7909; th&#7875; m&#224; nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; mong mu&#7889;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gsX3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19526d6-0b09-4990-af2c-1e596d0fe0f4_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gsX3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19526d6-0b09-4990-af2c-1e596d0fe0f4_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gsX3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19526d6-0b09-4990-af2c-1e596d0fe0f4_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gsX3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19526d6-0b09-4990-af2c-1e596d0fe0f4_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gsX3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19526d6-0b09-4990-af2c-1e596d0fe0f4_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gsX3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19526d6-0b09-4990-af2c-1e596d0fe0f4_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f19526d6-0b09-4990-af2c-1e596d0fe0f4_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of 2 people and text that says '4B. C&#225;ch k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i t&#7841;o nh&#226;n v&#7853;t, l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i m&#7903; v&#224; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng nh&#225;nh d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u k&#7871;t htpww.wa.aetwata Vargas: Dut puemuledegerwacy &#4126;&#4145;&#4152;&#4116; c&#7909;c T&#7853;p trung v&#224;o t&#7921; do l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n, moral dilemma v&#224; worldbuilding K&#7875; chuy&#7879;n th&#244;ng qua m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng (environmental storytelling) C&#7889;t l&#245;i: ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i l&#224; \&quot;&#273;&#7891;ng t&#225;c gi&#7843;\&quot; c&#7911;a tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of 2 people and text that says '4B. C&#225;ch k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i t&#7841;o nh&#226;n v&#7853;t, l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i m&#7903; v&#224; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng nh&#225;nh d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u k&#7871;t htpww.wa.aetwata Vargas: Dut puemuledegerwacy &#4126;&#4145;&#4152;&#4116; c&#7909;c T&#7853;p trung v&#224;o t&#7921; do l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n, moral dilemma v&#224; worldbuilding K&#7875; chuy&#7879;n th&#244;ng qua m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng (environmental storytelling) C&#7889;t l&#245;i: ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i l&#224; &quot;&#273;&#7891;ng t&#225;c gi&#7843;&quot; c&#7911;a tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m'" title="May be an image of 2 people and text that says '4B. C&#225;ch k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i t&#7841;o nh&#226;n v&#7853;t, l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i m&#7903; v&#224; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng nh&#225;nh d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u k&#7871;t htpww.wa.aetwata Vargas: Dut puemuledegerwacy &#4126;&#4145;&#4152;&#4116; c&#7909;c T&#7853;p trung v&#224;o t&#7921; do l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n, moral dilemma v&#224; worldbuilding K&#7875; chuy&#7879;n th&#244;ng qua m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng (environmental storytelling) C&#7889;t l&#245;i: ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i l&#224; &quot;&#273;&#7891;ng t&#225;c gi&#7843;&quot; c&#7911;a tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gsX3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19526d6-0b09-4990-af2c-1e596d0fe0f4_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gsX3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19526d6-0b09-4990-af2c-1e596d0fe0f4_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gsX3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19526d6-0b09-4990-af2c-1e596d0fe0f4_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gsX3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff19526d6-0b09-4990-af2c-1e596d0fe0f4_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Tr&#225;i ng&#432;&#7907;c v&#7899;i tri&#7871;t l&#253; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng, thi&#7871;t k&#7871; k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n trong game Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7863;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i v&#224;o vai tr&#242; trung t&#226;m, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t k&#7883;ch b&#7843;n, m&#224; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ki&#7871;n t&#7841;o k&#7883;ch b&#7843;n &#7845;y th&#244;ng qua l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n v&#224; h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7875; hi&#7879;n r&#245; r&#7879;t trong c&#225;c game nh&#432; The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Mass Effect, Dragon Age, Fallout: New Vegas, n&#417;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t nh&#226;n v&#7853;t t&#7921; t&#7841;o, kh&#244;ng c&#243; qu&#225; kh&#7913; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh, v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7863;t v&#224;o m&#7897;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i m&#7903;, n&#417;i c&#225;c nh&#225;nh truy&#7879;n, s&#7921; ki&#7879;n v&#224; k&#7871;t c&#7909;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7903; ra d&#7921;a tr&#234;n ch&#237;nh l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n c&#7911;a h&#7885;. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; anh h&#249;ng, k&#7867; ph&#7843;n b&#7897;i, ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7913;ng ngo&#224;i ch&#237;nh tr&#7883;, ho&#7863;c ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t &#273;&#7871; ch&#7871; ri&#234;ng, v&#224; th&#7871; gi&#7899;i trong game s&#7869; ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i theo c&#225;ch t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng.</p><p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng c&#7889;t l&#245;i c&#7911;a storytelling ki&#7875;u ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng d&#7851;n d&#7855;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n b&#7857;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; b&#7857;ng l&#7901;i tho&#7841;i. V&#237; d&#7909;, m&#7897;t l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t trong m&#7897;t mission ph&#7909; c&#243; th&#7875; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; s&#7889;ng c&#242;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t nh&#226;n v&#7853;t quan tr&#7885;ng trong ph&#7847;n ti&#7871;p theo. H&#7879; qu&#7843; &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; m&#7897;t &#273;o&#7841;n cutscene, m&#224; t&#7915; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n v&#224; logic n&#7897;i t&#7841;i c&#7911;a game. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y l&#224;m cho m&#7895;i l&#7847;n ch&#417;i l&#7841;i tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t, c&#7911;ng c&#7889; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng &#8220;&#273;i qua m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n&#8221;, b&#7841;n &#273;ang &#8220;vi&#7871;t ra m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n m&#7899;i&#8221;.</p><p>Ngo&#224;i ra, k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n trong game ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tri&#7875;n khai m&#7841;nh m&#7869; th&#244;ng qua k&#7929; thu&#7853;t environmental storytelling, c&#225;ch k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n b&#7857;ng thi&#7871;t k&#7871; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng. Nh&#7919;ng t&#7921;a game nh&#432; Bioshock, Gone Home hay The Last of Us kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n d&#224;i d&#242;ng l&#7901;i tho&#7841;i; ch&#7881; qua c&#225;ch m&#7897;t c&#259;n ph&#242;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7855;p x&#7871;p, m&#7897;t t&#7901; gi&#7845;y r&#417;i v&#227;i, hay d&#7845;u m&#225;u k&#233;o d&#224;i, ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i &#273;&#227; hi&#7875;u &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; v&#7915;a x&#7843;y ra. Vi&#7879;c kh&#225;m ph&#225; kh&#244;ng gian tr&#7903; th&#224;nh qu&#225; tr&#236;nh d&#7921;ng l&#7841;i c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n m&#7897;t c&#225;ch ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng, kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ai d&#7851;n l&#7889;i.</p><p>Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, m&#7897;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; b&#7887; qua l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ph&#7843;n chi&#7871;u b&#7843;n th&#226;n c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i v&#224;o nh&#226;n v&#7853;t, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t trong nh&#7919;ng game c&#243; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c (morality system). T&#7915; vi&#7879;c ch&#7885;n gi&#7919;a c&#7913;u hay gi&#7871;t m&#7897;t NPC, &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7889; ph&#7853;n c&#7911;a c&#7843; m&#7897;t qu&#7889;c gia, c&#225;c l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n lu&#244;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; &#8220;ch&#7885;n &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#7875; th&#7855;ng&#8221;.</p><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, thi&#7871;t k&#7871; k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y &#273;i theo m&#244; h&#236;nh th&#7871; gi&#7899;i m&#7903; + h&#7879; th&#7889;ng nh&#225;nh + t&#7921; do h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng, v&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i tr&#7903; th&#224;nh t&#225;c gi&#7843; c&#7911;a tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i &#273;&#7863;t h&#7885; v&#224;o v&#7883; tr&#237; ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c v&#224; chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c, &#273;i&#7873;u l&#224;m n&#234;n b&#7843;n s&#7855;c r&#7845;t ri&#234;ng c&#7911;a storytelling ki&#7875;u ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVyK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15087531-23ca-4d02-bfbb-f6e9f459d418_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVyK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15087531-23ca-4d02-bfbb-f6e9f459d418_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVyK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15087531-23ca-4d02-bfbb-f6e9f459d418_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVyK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15087531-23ca-4d02-bfbb-f6e9f459d418_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVyK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15087531-23ca-4d02-bfbb-f6e9f459d418_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVyK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15087531-23ca-4d02-bfbb-f6e9f459d418_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/15087531-23ca-4d02-bfbb-f6e9f459d418_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of 2 people and text that says '5A. C&#417; ch&#7871; v&#224; ti&#7871;n tr&#236;nh: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u y&#7871;u, ph&#7843;i d&#7847;n \&quot;l&#234;n tr&#236;nh\&quot; v&#224; l&#234;n c&#7845;p Tr&#242; ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng d&#7841;y tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p m&#224; khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch h&#7885;c qua th&#7845;t b&#7841;i H&#7879; th&#7889;ng ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng g&#7855;n li&#7873;n v&#7899;i n&#7895; l&#7921;c l&#7863;p l&#7841;i (grind) Chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u theo l&#432;&#7907;t ho&#7863;c theo nh&#7883;p, thi&#234;n v&#7873; logic v&#224; \&quot;k&#7929; lu&#7853;t ch&#417;i\&quot; Trdchoikhinghi&#234;ung&#432;&#417;icho,th Tr&#242; ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng chi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i, bu&#7897;c h&#7885; th&#237;ch nghi &#22823;&#31119;'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of 2 people and text that says '5A. C&#417; ch&#7871; v&#224; ti&#7871;n tr&#236;nh: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u y&#7871;u, ph&#7843;i d&#7847;n &quot;l&#234;n tr&#236;nh&quot; v&#224; l&#234;n c&#7845;p Tr&#242; ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng d&#7841;y tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p m&#224; khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch h&#7885;c qua th&#7845;t b&#7841;i H&#7879; th&#7889;ng ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng g&#7855;n li&#7873;n v&#7899;i n&#7895; l&#7921;c l&#7863;p l&#7841;i (grind) Chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u theo l&#432;&#7907;t ho&#7863;c theo nh&#7883;p, thi&#234;n v&#7873; logic v&#224; &quot;k&#7929; lu&#7853;t ch&#417;i&quot; Trdchoikhinghi&#234;ung&#432;&#417;icho,th Tr&#242; ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng chi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i, bu&#7897;c h&#7885; th&#237;ch nghi &#22823;&#31119;'" title="May be an image of 2 people and text that says '5A. C&#417; ch&#7871; v&#224; ti&#7871;n tr&#236;nh: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u y&#7871;u, ph&#7843;i d&#7847;n &quot;l&#234;n tr&#236;nh&quot; v&#224; l&#234;n c&#7845;p Tr&#242; ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng d&#7841;y tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p m&#224; khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch h&#7885;c qua th&#7845;t b&#7841;i H&#7879; th&#7889;ng ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng g&#7855;n li&#7873;n v&#7899;i n&#7895; l&#7921;c l&#7863;p l&#7841;i (grind) Chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u theo l&#432;&#7907;t ho&#7863;c theo nh&#7883;p, thi&#234;n v&#7873; logic v&#224; &quot;k&#7929; lu&#7853;t ch&#417;i&quot; Trdchoikhinghi&#234;ung&#432;&#417;icho,th Tr&#242; ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng chi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i, bu&#7897;c h&#7885; th&#237;ch nghi &#22823;&#31119;'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVyK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15087531-23ca-4d02-bfbb-f6e9f459d418_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVyK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15087531-23ca-4d02-bfbb-f6e9f459d418_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVyK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15087531-23ca-4d02-bfbb-f6e9f459d418_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVyK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15087531-23ca-4d02-bfbb-f6e9f459d418_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m n&#7893;i b&#7853;t trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; c&#225;c game &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n v&#224; H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c, ch&#237;nh l&#224; c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n ti&#7871;n tr&#236;nh v&#224; ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh d&#224;i h&#7841;n, &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i r&#232;n luy&#7879;n, h&#7885;c h&#7887;i v&#224; s&#7921; ki&#234;n nh&#7851;n t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i. Thay v&#236; cho ph&#233;p ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#7843;m th&#7845;y m&#7841;nh ngay t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u, game th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng nh&#226;n v&#7853;t y&#7871;u, kh&#7843; n&#259;ng h&#7841;n ch&#7871;, v&#224; c&#225;c h&#7879; th&#7889;ng t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p. Kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ki&#7875;m so&#225;t, c&#7843; v&#7873; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t l&#7851;n chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t, l&#224; th&#7913; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng d&#7847;n d&#7847;n th&#244;ng qua vi&#7879;c ch&#417;i &#273;i ch&#417;i l&#7841;i, th&#7917; sai, v&#224; hi&#7875;u s&#226;u c&#417; ch&#7871; b&#234;n trong.</p><p>Trong c&#225;c game nh&#432; Monster Hunter, Dark Souls, Fire Emblem, ho&#7863;c Etrian Odyssey, b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch c&#7863;n k&#7869; m&#7885;i th&#7913; ngay t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u. Tr&#242; ch&#417;i th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n t&#7921; va v&#7845;p, r&#250;t kinh nghi&#7879;m t&#7915; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; m&#7899;i d&#7847;n m&#7903; ra &#8220;ng&#244;n ng&#7919; n&#7897;i t&#7841;i&#8221; c&#7911;a h&#7879; th&#7889;ng. Vi&#7879;c hi&#7875;u lu&#7853;t ch&#417;i ch&#237;nh l&#224; ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, v&#224; vi&#7879;c v&#432;&#7907;t qua m&#7897;t con boss, m&#7897;t m&#224;n ch&#417;i hay m&#7897;t puzzle kh&#243; l&#224; minh ch&#7913;ng cho s&#7921; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh c&#7911;a *b&#7841;n*, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#7911;a nh&#226;n v&#7853;t &#7843;o.</p><p>&#272;i k&#232;m v&#7899;i &#273;&#243; l&#224; v&#259;n h&#243;a &#8220;grind&#8221; (VN g&#7885;i l&#224; c&#224;y cu&#7889;c), l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; l&#234;n c&#7845;p, m&#7903; kh&#243;a k&#7929; n&#259;ng ho&#7863;c t&#236;m v&#7853;t ph&#7849;m qu&#253;. &#7902; ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y, grind th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7883; xem l&#224; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng nh&#224;m ch&#225;n, nh&#432;ng trong nhi&#7873;u game Nh&#7853;t, grind l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a nghi th&#7913;c: m&#7895;i v&#242;ng l&#7863;p chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#417; h&#7897;i &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m t&#7889;t h&#417;n, hi&#7875;u r&#245; h&#417;n, v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t. Trong game nh&#432; Shin Megami Tensei hay Pok&#233;mon, grind l&#224; c&#225;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i r&#232;n luy&#7879;n &#8220;&#273;&#7897;i h&#236;nh l&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng&#8221;, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; v&#432;&#7907;t qua th&#7917; th&#225;ch ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n.</p><p>Ngay c&#7843; trong c&#225;c game h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng, c&#417; ch&#7871; gameplay &#7903; Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng thi&#234;n v&#7873; s&#7921; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c v&#224; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u, h&#417;n l&#224; b&#7855;n ph&#225; h&#7895;n lo&#7841;n. Nh&#7919;ng game nh&#432; Sekiro hay Bayonetta y&#234;u c&#7847;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i n&#7855;m v&#7919;ng frame timing, parry &#273;&#250;ng t&#7915;ng &#273;&#242;n, combo theo ti&#7871;t t&#7845;u. S&#7921; th&#224;nh th&#7841;o mang t&#237;nh h&#236;nh th&#7913;c, &#8220;bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n &#273;&#7865;p&#8221; c&#361;ng quan tr&#7885;ng kh&#244;ng k&#233;m vi&#7879;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;. N&#243; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; chi&#7871;n th&#7855;ng, m&#224; l&#224; chi&#7871;n th&#7855;ng &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch.</p><p>Quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n c&#7843;, c&#225;c game n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; &#8220;chi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i&#8221;. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#7847;m tay, kh&#244;ng c&#243; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n &#273;&#7897; kh&#243;, v&#224; r&#7845;t &#237;t feedback d&#7877; hi&#7875;u ban &#273;&#7847;u. Tri&#7871;t l&#253; &#273;&#7857;ng sau &#273;&#243; l&#224;: th&#7871; gi&#7899;i game kh&#244;ng n&#234;n thay &#273;&#7893;i v&#236; b&#7841;n, m&#224; b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#7875; th&#237;ch nghi v&#7899;i n&#243;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t g&#243;c nh&#236;n ph&#7843;n &#225;nh s&#226;u s&#7855;c v&#259;n h&#243;a &#272;&#244;ng &#193;, n&#417;i s&#7921; ki&#234;n tr&#236;, h&#7885;c h&#7887;i v&#224; &#8220;tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a h&#7879; th&#7889;ng&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7873; cao h&#417;n l&#224; chinh ph&#7909;c n&#243;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ex0i!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc14ad975-f1e7-4144-be97-a993d683bfd1_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ex0i!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc14ad975-f1e7-4144-be97-a993d683bfd1_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ex0i!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc14ad975-f1e7-4144-be97-a993d683bfd1_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ex0i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc14ad975-f1e7-4144-be97-a993d683bfd1_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ex0i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc14ad975-f1e7-4144-be97-a993d683bfd1_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ex0i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc14ad975-f1e7-4144-be97-a993d683bfd1_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c14ad975-f1e7-4144-be97-a993d683bfd1_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of 2 people and text that says '5B. Co' ch&#7871; v&#224; ti&#7871;n tr&#236;nh: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u v&#7899;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; t&#7921; do Game cung c&#7845;p nhanh feedback t&#237;ch c&#7921;c, c&#7843;m gi&#225;c th&#224;nh t&#7921;u &#273;&#7871;n s&#7899;m H&#7879; th&#7889;ng h&#7895; tr&#7907; sandbox, th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m t&#7921; do, &#237;t r&#224;ng bu&#7897;c C&#417; ch&#7871; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng trao quy&#7873;n (empowerment), &#237;t ph&#7841;t khi sai Ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#224;n tr&#7843;i theo h&#432;&#7899;ng \&quot;lu&#244;n c&#243; g&#236; &#273;&#243; m&#7899;i\&quot; WEAN rod &#12483;&#12385;&#12358; S1GAB KECTEKOK &#23398;&#20307; &#21629;'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of 2 people and text that says '5B. Co' ch&#7871; v&#224; ti&#7871;n tr&#236;nh: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u v&#7899;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; t&#7921; do Game cung c&#7845;p nhanh feedback t&#237;ch c&#7921;c, c&#7843;m gi&#225;c th&#224;nh t&#7921;u &#273;&#7871;n s&#7899;m H&#7879; th&#7889;ng h&#7895; tr&#7907; sandbox, th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m t&#7921; do, &#237;t r&#224;ng bu&#7897;c C&#417; ch&#7871; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng trao quy&#7873;n (empowerment), &#237;t ph&#7841;t khi sai Ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#224;n tr&#7843;i theo h&#432;&#7899;ng &quot;lu&#244;n c&#243; g&#236; &#273;&#243; m&#7899;i&quot; WEAN rod &#12483;&#12385;&#12358; S1GAB KECTEKOK &#23398;&#20307; &#21629;'" title="May be an image of 2 people and text that says '5B. Co' ch&#7871; v&#224; ti&#7871;n tr&#236;nh: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u v&#7899;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c m&#7841;nh v&#224; t&#7921; do Game cung c&#7845;p nhanh feedback t&#237;ch c&#7921;c, c&#7843;m gi&#225;c th&#224;nh t&#7921;u &#273;&#7871;n s&#7899;m H&#7879; th&#7889;ng h&#7895; tr&#7907; sandbox, th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m t&#7921; do, &#237;t r&#224;ng bu&#7897;c C&#417; ch&#7871; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng trao quy&#7873;n (empowerment), &#237;t ph&#7841;t khi sai Ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#224;n tr&#7843;i theo h&#432;&#7899;ng &quot;lu&#244;n c&#243; g&#236; &#273;&#243; m&#7899;i&quot; WEAN rod &#12483;&#12385;&#12358; S1GAB KECTEKOK &#23398;&#20307; &#21629;'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ex0i!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc14ad975-f1e7-4144-be97-a993d683bfd1_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ex0i!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc14ad975-f1e7-4144-be97-a993d683bfd1_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ex0i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc14ad975-f1e7-4144-be97-a993d683bfd1_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ex0i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc14ad975-f1e7-4144-be97-a993d683bfd1_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Trong khi game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng l&#7845;y s&#7921; ki&#234;n tr&#236; v&#224; hi&#7875;u s&#226;u h&#7879; th&#7889;ng l&#224;m ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng, th&#236; game Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y l&#7841;i &#432;u ti&#234;n t&#7841;o ra c&#7843;m gi&#225;c &#8220;m&#7841;nh m&#7869; v&#224; t&#7921; do&#8221; cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i t&#7915; r&#7845;t s&#7899;m, &#273;&#244;i khi ch&#7881; sau v&#224;i ph&#250;t &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n. Vi&#7879;c trao cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i k&#7929; n&#259;ng, v&#361; kh&#237;, quy&#7873;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh v&#224; s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t r&#245; r&#7879;t gi&#7919;a c&#225;c l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n r&#7845;t nhanh, nh&#7857;m t&#7841;o c&#7843;m gi&#225;c r&#7857;ng h&#7885; l&#224; nh&#226;n v&#7853;t ch&#237;nh trong m&#7897;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i r&#7897;ng l&#7899;n &#273;ang ch&#7901; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chinh ph&#7909;c.</p><p>M&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; kinh &#273;i&#7875;n l&#224; Skyrim, n&#417;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u l&#224; m&#7897;t t&#249; nh&#226;n v&#244; danh, nh&#432;ng ch&#7881; sau v&#224;i nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trao quy&#7873;n l&#7921;c t&#7889;i cao, &#8220;Dragonborn&#8221;, c&#243; th&#7875; h&#7885;c ph&#233;p thu&#7853;t r&#7891;ng, &#273;&#225;nh g&#7909;c boss b&#7857;ng ti&#7871;ng th&#233;t, v&#224; du h&#224;nh kh&#7855;p b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n theo tuy&#7871;n n&#224;o c&#7843;. &#272;i&#7873;u t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; x&#7843;y ra trong God of War (b&#7843;n c&#361;), Far Cry, hay Borderlands, n&#417;i v&#361; kh&#237; m&#7841;nh, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng loot &#273;a d&#7841;ng, v&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ti&#234;u di&#7879;t k&#7867; th&#249; h&#224;ng lo&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng dopamine t&#7913;c th&#236;, kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; d&#224;i h&#7841;n.</p><p>Kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; v&#7853;y, gameplay ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng sandbox, n&#417;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m h&#7879; th&#7889;ng theo &#253; m&#236;nh. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#8220;ph&#225; game&#8221;, l&#224;m sai tr&#236;nh t&#7921; nhi&#7879;m v&#7909;, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng bug hay mechanic b&#7845;t h&#7907;p l&#253; &#273;&#7875; ho&#224;n th&#224;nh m&#7909;c ti&#234;u, v&#224; tr&#242; ch&#417;i th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; nh&#432; m&#7897;t d&#7841;ng th&#224;nh c&#244;ng. Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; theo ki&#7875;u &#8220;emergent gameplay&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xem l&#224; th&#224;nh t&#7921;u, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ngo&#7841;i l&#7879;.</p><p>Trong ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n game ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y, feedback t&#237;ch c&#7921;c &#273;&#7871;n r&#7845;t &#273;&#7873;u v&#224; nhanh. Ho&#224;n th&#224;nh nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#432;&#7903;ng XP. Kh&#225;m ph&#225; khu v&#7921;c m&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7903; fast travel. Ch&#7841;m v&#224;o item hi&#7871;m th&#236; &#226;m thanh, hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng &#225;nh s&#225;ng l&#7853;p t&#7913;c xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n. Nh&#7919;ng ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224;m cho gameplay tr&#7903; n&#234;n th&#250; v&#7883; h&#417;n, m&#224; c&#242;n t&#7841;o th&#224;nh m&#7897;t &#8220;loop&#8221; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i m&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u n&#7895; l&#7921;c tinh th&#7847;n, kh&#225;c ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#7899;i s&#7921; &#8220;th&#7917; th&#225;ch h&#243;a t&#7915;ng ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng&#8221; trong game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng.</p><p>M&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t n&#7919;a l&#224; t&#237;nh khoan dung v&#7899;i sai l&#7847;m. Trong khi game Nh&#7853;t c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i ch&#417;i l&#7841;i c&#7843; &#273;o&#7841;n d&#224;i v&#236; m&#7897;t l&#7895;i nh&#7887;, game ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; auto-save, checkpoint linh ho&#7841;t, ho&#7863;c c&#417; ch&#7871; h&#7891;i sinh. L&#253; do kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; UX m&#224; c&#242;n l&#224; tri&#7871;t l&#253;: sai l&#7847;m l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a qu&#225; tr&#236;nh kh&#225;m ph&#225;, kh&#244;ng n&#234;n b&#7883; tr&#7915;ng ph&#7841;t qu&#225; m&#7913;c.</p><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, thi&#7871;t k&#7871; gameplay v&#224; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng ti&#7871;n tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a game Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o vi&#7879;c trao quy&#7873;n, t&#259;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7843;m gi&#225;c l&#224;m ch&#7911;, v&#224; t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u h&#243;a r&#224;o c&#7843;n &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i lu&#244;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y m&#236;nh &#273;ang ti&#7871;n b&#7897;, d&#249; theo c&#225;ch n&#224;o &#273;i n&#7919;a. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t l&#7889;i t&#432; duy ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i v&#259;n h&#243;a c&#225; nh&#226;n ch&#7911; ngh&#297;a, n&#417;i s&#7921; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng, l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n v&#224; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng nhanh ch&#243;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xem l&#224; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c ch&#237;nh &#273;&#7875; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c ch&#417;i.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G7Kr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4c9b0fe-6c77-4367-9af6-24bdb0952b28_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G7Kr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4c9b0fe-6c77-4367-9af6-24bdb0952b28_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G7Kr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4c9b0fe-6c77-4367-9af6-24bdb0952b28_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G7Kr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4c9b0fe-6c77-4367-9af6-24bdb0952b28_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G7Kr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4c9b0fe-6c77-4367-9af6-24bdb0952b28_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G7Kr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4c9b0fe-6c77-4367-9af6-24bdb0952b28_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b4c9b0fe-6c77-4367-9af6-24bdb0952b28_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of 2 people and text that says '6A. &#272;&#7897; kh&#243; &amp; Ch&#7911; quy&#7873;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#272;&#7897; kh&#243; C&#7888; &#273;&#7883;nh, kh&#244;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i ch&#7885;n \&quot;d&#7877;\&quot; Game bu&#7897;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i h&#7885;c lu&#7853;t ch&#417;i- -kh&#244;ng h&#7841; chu&#7849;n v&#236; b&#7841;n &#8226;Ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng qua hi&#7871;u h&#7879; th&#7889;ng, kh&#244;ng qua l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ai c&#361;ng v&#432;&#7907;t qua &#273;&#432;&#7907;c- nh&#432;ng v&#432;&#7907;t qua th&#236; x&#7913;ng &#273;&#225;ng Quy&#7873;n ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#224; th&#7913; ph&#7843;i x&#226;y d&#7921;ng, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ban t&#7863;ng G &#49828;&#44036;&#54616;&#51032;&#47196;&#49548;&#53356; NE &#26448;&#30707;&#36890;&#24066;&#21306;&#33590;&#23627;&#21147;&#12434;1&#26376;&#33021;&#19978;&#26989;&#12365;&#12369;&#12427;'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of 2 people and text that says '6A. &#272;&#7897; kh&#243; &amp; Ch&#7911; quy&#7873;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#272;&#7897; kh&#243; C&#7888; &#273;&#7883;nh, kh&#244;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i ch&#7885;n &quot;d&#7877;&quot; Game bu&#7897;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i h&#7885;c lu&#7853;t ch&#417;i- -kh&#244;ng h&#7841; chu&#7849;n v&#236; b&#7841;n &#8226;Ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng qua hi&#7871;u h&#7879; th&#7889;ng, kh&#244;ng qua l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ai c&#361;ng v&#432;&#7907;t qua &#273;&#432;&#7907;c- nh&#432;ng v&#432;&#7907;t qua th&#236; x&#7913;ng &#273;&#225;ng Quy&#7873;n ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#224; th&#7913; ph&#7843;i x&#226;y d&#7921;ng, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ban t&#7863;ng G &#49828;&#44036;&#54616;&#51032;&#47196;&#49548;&#53356; NE &#26448;&#30707;&#36890;&#24066;&#21306;&#33590;&#23627;&#21147;&#12434;1&#26376;&#33021;&#19978;&#26989;&#12365;&#12369;&#12427;'" title="May be an image of 2 people and text that says '6A. &#272;&#7897; kh&#243; &amp; Ch&#7911; quy&#7873;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#272;&#7897; kh&#243; C&#7888; &#273;&#7883;nh, kh&#244;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i ch&#7885;n &quot;d&#7877;&quot; Game bu&#7897;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i h&#7885;c lu&#7853;t ch&#417;i- -kh&#244;ng h&#7841; chu&#7849;n v&#236; b&#7841;n &#8226;Ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng qua hi&#7871;u h&#7879; th&#7889;ng, kh&#244;ng qua l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ai c&#361;ng v&#432;&#7907;t qua &#273;&#432;&#7907;c- nh&#432;ng v&#432;&#7907;t qua th&#236; x&#7913;ng &#273;&#225;ng Quy&#7873;n ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#224; th&#7913; ph&#7843;i x&#226;y d&#7921;ng, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ban t&#7863;ng G &#49828;&#44036;&#54616;&#51032;&#47196;&#49548;&#53356; NE &#26448;&#30707;&#36890;&#24066;&#21306;&#33590;&#23627;&#21147;&#12434;1&#26376;&#33021;&#19978;&#26989;&#12365;&#12369;&#12427;'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G7Kr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4c9b0fe-6c77-4367-9af6-24bdb0952b28_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G7Kr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4c9b0fe-6c77-4367-9af6-24bdb0952b28_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G7Kr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4c9b0fe-6c77-4367-9af6-24bdb0952b28_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G7Kr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4c9b0fe-6c77-4367-9af6-24bdb0952b28_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; c&#225;c t&#7921;a &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; Nh&#7853;t, c&#243; m&#7897;t m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t v&#7899;i kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m &#273;&#7897; kh&#243;. Thay v&#236; coi n&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t &#8220;c&#224;i &#273;&#7863;t&#8221; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n, c&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; coi &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; t&#225;ch r&#7901;i c&#7911;a tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;u tr&#250;c c&#7849;n th&#7853;n &#273;&#7875; d&#7851;n d&#7855;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; th&#224;nh th&#7841;o, v&#224; &#273;&#244;i khi l&#224; s&#7921; khai s&#225;ng c&#225; nh&#226;n. Tr&#242; ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng h&#7887;i b&#7841;n &#8220;mu&#7889;n ch&#417;i d&#7877; hay kh&#243;?&#8221;, m&#224; &#273;&#7863;t ra m&#7897;t th&#7921;c t&#7841;i kh&#7855;t khe v&#224; y&#234;u c&#7847;u b&#7841;n t&#7921; t&#236;m c&#225;ch t&#7891;n t&#7841;i trong &#273;&#243;.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y th&#7845;y r&#245; trong nh&#7919;ng game nh&#432; Dark Souls, Sekiro, Shin Megami Tensei hay c&#225;c JRPG c&#7893; &#273;i&#7875;n nh&#432; Final Fantasy IV. Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng c&#243; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n gi&#7843;m &#273;&#7897; kh&#243;, kh&#244;ng c&#243; tutorial chi ti&#7871;t, kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#8220;accessibility slider&#8221;. Tr&#242; ch&#417;i tin t&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7841;n s&#7869; h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, th&#244;ng qua vi&#7879;c ch&#7871;t, th&#7845;t b&#7841;i, th&#7917; l&#7841;i &#8211; r&#7857;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng n&#224;y c&#243; logic, c&#243; tr&#7853;t t&#7921;, v&#224; n&#7871;u b&#7841;n t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng n&#243;, b&#7841;n s&#7869; ti&#7871;n b&#7897;. &#272;&#243; l&#224; s&#7921; t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i c&#361;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t th&#7917; th&#225;ch mang m&#224;u s&#7855;c &#8220;kh&#7893; luy&#7879;n&#8221;.</p><p>Quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n, trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ki&#7875;u n&#224;y, quy&#7873;n ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; s&#7921; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n gi&#7919;a nhi&#7873;u k&#7883;ch b&#7843;n, m&#224; &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; vi&#7879;c hi&#7875;u s&#226;u h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#432;&#7899;ng n&#243;. V&#237; d&#7909;, trong Monster Hunter, b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7885;n &#8220;ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; d&#7877;&#8221; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh boss, b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i h&#7885;c r&#245; hitbox, frame timing, AI pattern. Khi l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, c&#7843;m gi&#225;c ki&#7875;m so&#225;t &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; ch&#237;nh b&#7841;n, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; game &#8220;cho ph&#233;p b&#7841;n th&#7855;ng&#8221;.</p><p>C&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n n&#224;y ph&#7843;n &#225;nh m&#7897;t tri&#7871;t l&#253; &#193; &#272;&#244;ng s&#226;u s&#7855;c: th&#7871; gi&#7899;i l&#224; m&#7897;t t&#7853;p h&#7907;p quy lu&#7853;t, v&#224; s&#7921; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c c&#225;ch s&#7889;ng h&#224;i h&#242;a v&#7899;i n&#243;, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;n n&#243; theo &#253; m&#236;nh. Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; trung t&#226;m v&#361; tr&#7909;, m&#224; l&#224; k&#7867; l&#7919; h&#224;nh &#273;ang d&#7847;n h&#242;a nh&#7853;p v&#224; hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t.</p><p>V&#224; ch&#237;nh v&#236; v&#7853;y, m&#7895;i l&#7847;n v&#432;&#7907;t qua m&#7897;t th&#7917; th&#225;ch kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ch&#7881; l&#224; chi&#7871;n th&#7855;ng gameplay, m&#224; c&#242;n l&#224; chi&#7871;n th&#7855;ng c&#7911;a b&#7843;n th&#226;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i. &#8220;You died&#8221; trong Dark Souls kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; k&#7871;t th&#250;c, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t l&#7901;i m&#7901;i g&#7885;i: &#8220;H&#227;y &#273;&#7885;c l&#7841;i lu&#7853;t ch&#417;i.&#8221;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ItkX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b9550ef-db71-4b79-ba1e-726d100956b2_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ItkX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b9550ef-db71-4b79-ba1e-726d100956b2_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ItkX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b9550ef-db71-4b79-ba1e-726d100956b2_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ItkX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b9550ef-db71-4b79-ba1e-726d100956b2_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ItkX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b9550ef-db71-4b79-ba1e-726d100956b2_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ItkX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b9550ef-db71-4b79-ba1e-726d100956b2_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2b9550ef-db71-4b79-ba1e-726d100956b2_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of 1 person and text that says '6B. &#272;&#7897; kh&#243; &amp; Ch&#7911; quy&#7873;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Game th&#432;&#7901;ng cho ch&#7885;n &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; ho&#7863;c t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh Exploration fficulty Combar wpurocovocei embarDifficulry Difficulty SceakthDifficulty &#8226;Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i \&quot;trong v&#249;ng tho&#7843;i m&#225;i\&quot; (flow) Ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n c&#225;ch g&#236; Nhi&#7873;u h&#432;&#7899;ng ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n: stealth, combat, diplomacy... Th&#7845;t b&#7841;i &#237;t b&#7883; ch&#417;i th&#7871; n&#224;o, theo h&#7841;t- khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of 1 person and text that says '6B. &#272;&#7897; kh&#243; &amp; Ch&#7911; quy&#7873;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Game th&#432;&#7901;ng cho ch&#7885;n &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; ho&#7863;c t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh Exploration fficulty Combar wpurocovocei embarDifficulry Difficulty SceakthDifficulty &#8226;Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i &quot;trong v&#249;ng tho&#7843;i m&#225;i&quot; (flow) Ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n c&#225;ch g&#236; Nhi&#7873;u h&#432;&#7899;ng ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n: stealth, combat, diplomacy... Th&#7845;t b&#7841;i &#237;t b&#7883; ch&#417;i th&#7871; n&#224;o, theo h&#7841;t- khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m'" title="May be an image of 1 person and text that says '6B. &#272;&#7897; kh&#243; &amp; Ch&#7911; quy&#7873;n: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y Game th&#432;&#7901;ng cho ch&#7885;n &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; ho&#7863;c t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh Exploration fficulty Combar wpurocovocei embarDifficulry Difficulty SceakthDifficulty &#8226;Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i &quot;trong v&#249;ng tho&#7843;i m&#225;i&quot; (flow) Ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n c&#225;ch g&#236; Nhi&#7873;u h&#432;&#7899;ng ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n: stealth, combat, diplomacy... Th&#7845;t b&#7841;i &#237;t b&#7883; ch&#417;i th&#7871; n&#224;o, theo h&#7841;t- khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ItkX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b9550ef-db71-4b79-ba1e-726d100956b2_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ItkX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b9550ef-db71-4b79-ba1e-726d100956b2_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ItkX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b9550ef-db71-4b79-ba1e-726d100956b2_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ItkX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b9550ef-db71-4b79-ba1e-726d100956b2_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y, &#273;&#7897; kh&#243; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7845;t bi&#7871;n, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; &#273;&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i sao cho ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i n&#259;ng l&#7921;c, s&#7903; th&#237;ch v&#224; phong c&#225;ch c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng c&#225; nh&#226;n. H&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c game AAA c&#7911;a ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y, t&#7915; Assassin&#8217;s Creed, Mass Effect, The Witcher 3 &#273;&#7871;n Far Cry, &#273;&#7873;u cho ph&#233;p b&#7841;n ch&#7885;n m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; th&#7917; th&#225;ch tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u game, v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i gi&#7919;a ch&#7915;ng.</p><p>Th&#7853;m ch&#237;, m&#7897;t s&#7889; game c&#242;n t&#237;ch h&#7907;p h&#7879; th&#7889;ng dynamic difficulty adjustment, v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; Resident Evil 4 (m&#7897;t game Nh&#7853;t nh&#432;ng ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y r&#7845;t m&#7841;nh), ho&#7863;c Left 4 Dead, t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng k&#7867; &#273;&#7883;ch, l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#224;i nguy&#234;n, h&#224;nh vi AI t&#249;y theo hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i trong th&#7901;i gian th&#7921;c. M&#7909;c ti&#234;u l&#224; gi&#7919; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i trong tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i &#8220;flow&#8221;, kh&#244;ng qu&#225; d&#7877; &#273;&#7875; ch&#225;n, kh&#244;ng qu&#225; kh&#243; &#273;&#7875; b&#7887; cu&#7897;c.</p><p>Song song v&#7899;i &#273;&#243;, quy&#7873;n ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; nh&#432; m&#7897;t tr&#7909;c trung t&#226;m: b&#7841;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#233;p ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n c&#249;ng m&#7897;t m&#7909;c ti&#234;u theo nhi&#7873;u c&#225;ch kh&#225;c nhau. V&#237; d&#7909; trong Dishonored hay Deus Ex, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#225;m s&#225;t, &#273;&#7897;t nh&#7853;p stealth, hack camera, hay &#273;&#224;m ph&#225;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t m&#7909;c ti&#234;u, v&#224; game c&#244;ng nh&#7853;n t&#7845;t c&#7843; l&#224; &#8220;&#273;&#250;ng&#8221;. C&#225;ch b&#7841;n ch&#417;i tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a t&#237;nh c&#225;ch nh&#226;n v&#7853;t, v&#224; &#273;&#244;i khi &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n nh&#225;nh truy&#7879;n, t&#7841;o n&#234;n c&#7843;m gi&#225;c agency m&#7841;nh m&#7869;.</p><p>M&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224;: th&#7845;t b&#7841;i trong game ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#237;t b&#7883; tr&#7915;ng ph&#7841;t. Auto-save, checkpoint, ho&#7863;c quick restart gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i th&#7917; l&#7841;i nhanh ch&#243;ng m&#224; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; &#8220;b&#7867; g&#227;y&#8221; tinh th&#7847;n. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; UX t&#7889;t, m&#224; c&#242;n l&#224; tuy&#234;n ng&#244;n thi&#7871;t k&#7871;: &#8220;Ch&#250;ng t&#244;i khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch b&#7841;n th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m.&#8221; Sai l&#7847;m l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh kh&#225;m ph&#225;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t c&#225;i b&#7851;y.</p><p>Tri&#7871;t l&#253; n&#224;y ph&#7843;n &#225;nh &#273;&#250;ng tinh th&#7847;n c&#7911;a thi&#7871;t k&#7871; h&#432;&#7899;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i l&#224;m trung t&#226;m: th&#7871; gi&#7899;i game n&#234;n th&#237;ch &#7913;ng v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng b&#7855;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i th&#237;ch nghi v&#7899;i th&#7871; gi&#7899;i. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n r&#245; r&#7879;t c&#7911;a v&#259;n h&#243;a c&#225; nh&#226;n ch&#7911; ngh&#297;a: t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng s&#7921; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n c&#225; nh&#226;n, t&#7841;o &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m tr&#242; ch&#417;i theo c&#225;ch c&#7911;a ri&#234;ng m&#236;nh, v&#224; xem vi&#7879;c c&#243; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n l&#224; m&#7897;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; thi&#7871;u c&#7911;a tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ch&#417;i.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ymFs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0a5aaa6-5889-4b4e-ae6b-7d5e25050403_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ymFs!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0a5aaa6-5889-4b4e-ae6b-7d5e25050403_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ymFs!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0a5aaa6-5889-4b4e-ae6b-7d5e25050403_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ymFs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0a5aaa6-5889-4b4e-ae6b-7d5e25050403_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ymFs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0a5aaa6-5889-4b4e-ae6b-7d5e25050403_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ymFs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0a5aaa6-5889-4b4e-ae6b-7d5e25050403_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d0a5aaa6-5889-4b4e-ae6b-7d5e25050403_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of 2 people and text that says '7A. Th&#7849;m m&#7929; &amp; V&#259;n h&#243;a: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#7842;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng s&#226;u s&#7855;c t&#7915; anime, manga, th&#432; ph&#225;p v&#224; s&#226;n kh&#7845;u truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng Nh&#226;n v&#7853;t mang t&#237;nh bi&#7871;u t&#432;&#7907;ng, d&#7877; nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n, c&#243; b&#7843;n s&#7855;c m&#7841;nh Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng k&#253; hi&#7879;u- kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n logic hi&#7879;n th&#7921;c Y&#7871;u t&#7889; \&quot;kawaii\&quot; (d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng), phong c&#225;ch h&#243;a m&#7841;nh v&#224; kh&#244;ng ng&#7841;i phi l&#253; V&#259;n h&#243;a t&#7853;p th&#7875;, t&#244;n ti, &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7879;nh v&#224; hy sinh hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n trong h&#236;nh &#7843;nh GLISHoN'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of 2 people and text that says '7A. Th&#7849;m m&#7929; &amp; V&#259;n h&#243;a: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#7842;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng s&#226;u s&#7855;c t&#7915; anime, manga, th&#432; ph&#225;p v&#224; s&#226;n kh&#7845;u truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng Nh&#226;n v&#7853;t mang t&#237;nh bi&#7871;u t&#432;&#7907;ng, d&#7877; nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n, c&#243; b&#7843;n s&#7855;c m&#7841;nh Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng k&#253; hi&#7879;u- kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n logic hi&#7879;n th&#7921;c Y&#7871;u t&#7889; &quot;kawaii&quot; (d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng), phong c&#225;ch h&#243;a m&#7841;nh v&#224; kh&#244;ng ng&#7841;i phi l&#253; V&#259;n h&#243;a t&#7853;p th&#7875;, t&#244;n ti, &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7879;nh v&#224; hy sinh hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n trong h&#236;nh &#7843;nh GLISHoN'" title="May be an image of 2 people and text that says '7A. Th&#7849;m m&#7929; &amp; V&#259;n h&#243;a: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#7842;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng s&#226;u s&#7855;c t&#7915; anime, manga, th&#432; ph&#225;p v&#224; s&#226;n kh&#7845;u truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng Nh&#226;n v&#7853;t mang t&#237;nh bi&#7871;u t&#432;&#7907;ng, d&#7877; nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n, c&#243; b&#7843;n s&#7855;c m&#7841;nh Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng k&#253; hi&#7879;u- kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n logic hi&#7879;n th&#7921;c Y&#7871;u t&#7889; &quot;kawaii&quot; (d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng), phong c&#225;ch h&#243;a m&#7841;nh v&#224; kh&#244;ng ng&#7841;i phi l&#253; V&#259;n h&#243;a t&#7853;p th&#7875;, t&#244;n ti, &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7879;nh v&#224; hy sinh hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n trong h&#236;nh &#7843;nh GLISHoN'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ymFs!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0a5aaa6-5889-4b4e-ae6b-7d5e25050403_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ymFs!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0a5aaa6-5889-4b4e-ae6b-7d5e25050403_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ymFs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0a5aaa6-5889-4b4e-ae6b-7d5e25050403_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ymFs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0a5aaa6-5889-4b4e-ae6b-7d5e25050403_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Khi nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n th&#7849;m m&#7929; trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng, h&#236;nh &#7843;nh &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n th&#432;&#7901;ng xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n trong &#273;&#7847;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i to&#224;n c&#7847;u l&#224;: nh&#7919;ng nh&#226;n v&#7853;t c&#243; t&#7841;o h&#236;nh &#273;&#7853;m ch&#7845;t anime, bi&#7875;u c&#7843;m m&#227;nh li&#7879;t, m&#224;u s&#7855;c r&#7921;c r&#7905; v&#224; phong c&#225;ch h&#243;a m&#7841;nh m&#7869;. T&#7915; Persona &#273;&#7871;n Final Fantasy, t&#7915; Genshin Impact &#273;&#7871;n Okami, game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng kh&#244;ng ng&#7847;n ng&#7841;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c th&#7911; ph&#225;p th&#7849;m m&#7929; mang t&#237;nh bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng, kh&#244;ng nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t tu&#226;n theo logic v&#7853;t l&#253; hay th&#7883; gi&#225;c hi&#7879;n th&#7921;c, m&#224; &#273;&#7863;t tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m v&#224;o bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7841;t c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#224; kh&#7855;c h&#7885;a t&#226;m l&#253;.</p><p>&#7842;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a manga, anime, th&#432; ph&#225;p, k&#7883;ch Noh, Kabuki, v&#224; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t d&#226;n gian ch&#226;u &#193; n&#243;i chung l&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ph&#7911; nh&#7853;n. Game &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; nh&#432; m&#7897;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i th&#7849;m m&#7929; &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p v&#7899;i &#273;&#7901;i th&#7921;c, n&#417;i c&#7843;m x&#250;c, t&#236;nh ti&#7871;t v&#224; vai tr&#242; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh th&#244;ng qua t&#7841;o h&#236;nh. M&#7897;t thanh ki&#7871;m qu&#225; to, m&#7897;t b&#7897; gi&#225;p phi th&#7921;c t&#7871;, hay m&#225;i t&#243;c xanh d&#224;i t&#7899;i &#273;&#7847;u g&#7889;i, t&#7845;t c&#7843; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; &#8220;thi&#7871;u logic&#8221;, m&#224; l&#224; v&#236; ch&#250;ng truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t c&#7843;m gi&#225;c, tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i, v&#224; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng c&#7911;a nh&#226;n v&#7853;t trong kh&#244;ng gian bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng.</p><p>T&#7841;o h&#236;nh nh&#226;n v&#7853;t &#7903; Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7855;n li&#7873;n v&#7899;i archetype: anh h&#249;ng tr&#7847;m l&#7863;ng, thi&#7871;u n&#7919; th&#7847;n b&#237;, ph&#7843;n di&#7879;n &#273;&#7865;p trai mang n&#7895;i &#273;au n&#7897;i t&#226;m, qu&#225;i v&#7853;t v&#7915;a &#273;&#225;ng s&#7907; v&#7915;a &#273;&#225;ng th&#432;&#417;ng. Nh&#7919;ng bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; d&#7877; nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n m&#224; c&#242;n d&#7877; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t c&#7843;m x&#250;c. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y l&#253; gi&#7843;i v&#236; sao game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng sinh ra nh&#7919;ng fandom r&#7845;t m&#7841;nh, d&#7877; cosplay, v&#224; d&#7877; t&#7841;o th&#224;nh s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng m&#7903; r&#7897;ng (anime, figure, light novel&#8230;).</p><p>Th&#234;m v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, y&#7871;u t&#7889; kawaii, v&#259;n h&#243;a &#8220;d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng&#8221; c&#7911;a Nh&#7853;t, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n trong game tr&#7867; em. Ngay c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng game c&#243; b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh &#273;en t&#7889;i v&#7851;n kh&#244;ng ng&#7847;n ng&#7841;i ch&#232;n v&#224;o nh&#226;n v&#7853;t ph&#7909; &#273;&#225;ng y&#234;u, linh v&#7853;t ng&#7897; ngh&#297;nh, ho&#7863;c giao di&#7879;n b&#7855;t m&#7855;t. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y kh&#244;ng &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224; "l&#224;m cho d&#7877; ti&#234;u h&#243;a", m&#224; l&#224; c&#225;ch gi&#7919; c&#226;n b&#7857;ng c&#7843;m x&#250;c, gi&#7919;a t&#259;m t&#7889;i v&#224; hy v&#7885;ng, gi&#7919;a bi k&#7883;ch v&#224; ni&#7873;m tin.</p><p>V&#7873; m&#7863;t v&#259;n h&#243;a, th&#7849;m m&#7929; c&#7911;a game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#7843;n &#225;nh c&#225;c h&#7879; gi&#225; tr&#7883; nh&#432; t&#7853;p th&#7875; tr&#234;n c&#225; nh&#226;n, t&#244;n ti tr&#7853;t t&#7921;, &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7879;nh v&#224; s&#7921; hy sinh. Nh&#7919;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n trong c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n m&#224; c&#242;n hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng, trang ph&#7909;c, &#226;m nh&#7841;c v&#224; c&#7843; nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7897; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh. M&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng l&#224; Ghost of Tsushima, tuy do studio M&#7929; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i mang &#273;&#7853;m ng&#244;n ng&#7919; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh c&#7911;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng: &#225;nh s&#225;ng l&#7885;c qua l&#225; tre, c&#225;nh &#273;&#7891;ng lau tr&#7855;ng, chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng ch&#7853;m khi k&#7867; th&#249; g&#7909;c ng&#227;, t&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u n&#243;i l&#234;n m&#7897;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i n&#417;i c&#225;i &#273;&#7865;p g&#7855;n li&#7873;n v&#7899;i s&#7921; tan r&#227;, v&#224; c&#225;i ch&#7871;t c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; m&#7897;t nghi l&#7877;.</p><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, th&#7849;m m&#7929; Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;i t&#236;m t&#237;nh ch&#226;n th&#7921;c, m&#224; &#273;i t&#236;m s&#7921; ch&#226;n th&#224;nh c&#7843;m x&#250;c. Game kh&#244;ng m&#244; ph&#7887;ng hi&#7879;n th&#7921;c, m&#224; ki&#7871;n t&#7841;o th&#7871; gi&#7899;i bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7875; kh&#417;i d&#7853;y nh&#7919;ng cung b&#7853;c t&#236;nh c&#7843;m s&#226;u s&#7855;c, &#273;&#244;i khi si&#234;u th&#7921;c, &#273;&#244;i khi ng&#226;y ng&#244;, nh&#432;ng lu&#244;n &#273;&#7847;y b&#7843;n s&#7855;c.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqwF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaac61d9-46e5-4c54-bb3a-7b355160c6db_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqwF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaac61d9-46e5-4c54-bb3a-7b355160c6db_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqwF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaac61d9-46e5-4c54-bb3a-7b355160c6db_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqwF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaac61d9-46e5-4c54-bb3a-7b355160c6db_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqwF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaac61d9-46e5-4c54-bb3a-7b355160c6db_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqwF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaac61d9-46e5-4c54-bb3a-7b355160c6db_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/daac61d9-46e5-4c54-bb3a-7b355160c6db_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of 2 people and text that says '7B. Th&#7849;m m&#7929; &amp; V&#259;n h&#243;a: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y H&#236;nh &#7843;nh ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7915; &#273;i&#7879;n &#7843;nh, truy&#7879;n tranh &#194;u My v&#224; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t t&#7843; th&#7921;c Nh&#226;n v&#7853;t th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; ngo&#7841;i h&#236;nh logic, v&#7853;tl&#253; &#273;&#225;ng tin v&#224; h&#224;nh vi \&quot;con ng&#432;&#7901;i\&quot; Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i m&#244; ph&#7887;ng chi ti&#7871;t t&#7915; l&#7883;ch s&#7917;, khoa h&#7885;c, &#273;&#7883;a l&#253; &#273;&#7871;n x&#227; h&#7897;i Th&#7849;m m&#7929; g&#7855;n li&#7873;n v&#7899;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c ch&#236;m &#273;&#7855;m, r&#7857;ng \&quot;m&#236;nh &#273;ang th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#7903; &#273;&#243;\&quot; V&#259;n h&#243;a ca nh&#226;n, s&#7921; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n v&#224; &#273;&#7889;i kh&#225;ng c&#243; hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n m&#7841;nh trong h&#236;nh &#7843;nh'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of 2 people and text that says '7B. Th&#7849;m m&#7929; &amp; V&#259;n h&#243;a: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y H&#236;nh &#7843;nh ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7915; &#273;i&#7879;n &#7843;nh, truy&#7879;n tranh &#194;u My v&#224; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t t&#7843; th&#7921;c Nh&#226;n v&#7853;t th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; ngo&#7841;i h&#236;nh logic, v&#7853;tl&#253; &#273;&#225;ng tin v&#224; h&#224;nh vi &quot;con ng&#432;&#7901;i&quot; Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i m&#244; ph&#7887;ng chi ti&#7871;t t&#7915; l&#7883;ch s&#7917;, khoa h&#7885;c, &#273;&#7883;a l&#253; &#273;&#7871;n x&#227; h&#7897;i Th&#7849;m m&#7929; g&#7855;n li&#7873;n v&#7899;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c ch&#236;m &#273;&#7855;m, r&#7857;ng &quot;m&#236;nh &#273;ang th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#7903; &#273;&#243;&quot; V&#259;n h&#243;a ca nh&#226;n, s&#7921; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n v&#224; &#273;&#7889;i kh&#225;ng c&#243; hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n m&#7841;nh trong h&#236;nh &#7843;nh'" title="May be an image of 2 people and text that says '7B. Th&#7849;m m&#7929; &amp; V&#259;n h&#243;a: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y H&#236;nh &#7843;nh ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7915; &#273;i&#7879;n &#7843;nh, truy&#7879;n tranh &#194;u My v&#224; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t t&#7843; th&#7921;c Nh&#226;n v&#7853;t th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; ngo&#7841;i h&#236;nh logic, v&#7853;tl&#253; &#273;&#225;ng tin v&#224; h&#224;nh vi &quot;con ng&#432;&#7901;i&quot; Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i m&#244; ph&#7887;ng chi ti&#7871;t t&#7915; l&#7883;ch s&#7917;, khoa h&#7885;c, &#273;&#7883;a l&#253; &#273;&#7871;n x&#227; h&#7897;i Th&#7849;m m&#7929; g&#7855;n li&#7873;n v&#7899;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c ch&#236;m &#273;&#7855;m, r&#7857;ng &quot;m&#236;nh &#273;ang th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#7903; &#273;&#243;&quot; V&#259;n h&#243;a ca nh&#226;n, s&#7921; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n v&#224; &#273;&#7889;i kh&#225;ng c&#243; hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n m&#7841;nh trong h&#236;nh &#7843;nh'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqwF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaac61d9-46e5-4c54-bb3a-7b355160c6db_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqwF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaac61d9-46e5-4c54-bb3a-7b355160c6db_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqwF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaac61d9-46e5-4c54-bb3a-7b355160c6db_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tqwF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdaac61d9-46e5-4c54-bb3a-7b355160c6db_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>N&#7871;u nh&#432; th&#7849;m m&#7929; Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#273;&#7863;t c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#224; bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng l&#234;n h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u, th&#236; th&#7849;m m&#7929; c&#7911;a game Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c m&#244; ph&#7887;ng th&#7871; gi&#7899;i th&#7921;c, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#7903; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh, m&#224; &#7903; c&#7843; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c v&#224; s&#7921; ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i c&#7911;a th&#7871; gi&#7899;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i. C&#225;c game nh&#432; The Last of Us, Red Dead Redemption 2, Horizon Zero Dawn hay Assassin&#8217;s Creed &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng v&#7899;i tham v&#7885;ng t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t kh&#244;ng gian m&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i tin r&#7857;ng h&#7885; th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;ang s&#7889;ng trong &#273;&#243;.</p><p>&#7842;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng ch&#237;nh &#7903; &#273;&#226;y &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; &#273;i&#7879;n &#7843;nh Hollywood, truy&#7879;n tranh &#194;u-M&#7929;, v&#224; c&#225;c tr&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#225;i ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t hi&#7879;n th&#7921;c. Nh&#226;n v&#7853;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7921;ng h&#236;nh v&#7899;i t&#7927; l&#7879; th&#7921;c t&#7871;, ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng v&#7853;t l&#253; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c, chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng m&#432;&#7907;t m&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi l&#7841;i b&#7857;ng motion capture. Nh&#7919;ng chi ti&#7871;t nh&#7887; nh&#432; v&#7871;t m&#225;u kh&#244;, b&#249;n b&#225;m theo th&#7901;i ti&#7871;t, &#225;nh s&#225;ng theo chu k&#7923; ng&#224;y &#273;&#234;m, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t, m&#224; l&#224; n&#7895; l&#7921;c t&#7841;o c&#7843;m gi&#225;c nh&#7853;p vai tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i (immersion).</p><p>B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, th&#7871; gi&#7899;i trong game ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng h&#7907;p l&#253; v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; suy lu&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, ph&#7843;n &#225;nh c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; x&#227; h&#7897;i, l&#7883;ch s&#7917;, ch&#237;nh tr&#7883; v&#224; khoa h&#7885;c. V&#237; d&#7909;, th&#7871; gi&#7899;i c&#7911;a Fallout ph&#7843;n &#225;nh n&#7895;i lo chi&#7871;n tranh l&#7841;nh v&#224; ni&#7873;m tin v&#224;o c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; h&#7841;t nh&#226;n; BioShock l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n v&#259;n h&#243;a v&#7873; ch&#7911; ngh&#297;a c&#225; nh&#226;n c&#7921;c &#273;oan; c&#242;n The Witcher khai th&#225;c c&#225;c huy&#7873;n tho&#7841;i d&#226;n gian Slav &#273;&#7875; ph&#7843;n &#225;nh m&#226;u thu&#7851;n s&#7855;c t&#7897;c, ch&#237;nh tr&#7883; v&#224; &#273;&#7883;nh ki&#7871;n x&#227; h&#7897;i. Game kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7865;p, m&#224; c&#242;n mang t&#7847;ng &#253; ngh&#297;a x&#227; h&#7897;i c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch.</p><p>M&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t quan tr&#7885;ng n&#7919;a l&#224;: th&#7849;m m&#7929; ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7863;t c&#225;i t&#244;i l&#224;m trung t&#226;m, ph&#7843;n &#225;nh tri&#7871;t l&#253; c&#225; nh&#226;n ch&#7911; ngh&#297;a. Nh&#226;n v&#7853;t ch&#237;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; &#8220;ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i h&#7879; th&#7889;ng&#8221;, ho&#7863;c &#237;t nh&#7845;t l&#224; &#8220;ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7913;ng ngo&#224;i tr&#7853;t t&#7921; hi&#7879;n c&#243;&#8221;. T&#7915; Gordon Freeman &#273;&#7871;n Geralt of Rivia, h&#236;nh m&#7851;u ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225; nh&#226;n gi&#7887;i giang, ph&#7843;n t&#432;, v&#224; ph&#7843;i l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n gi&#7919;a c&#225;c h&#7879; gi&#225; tr&#7883; m&#226;u thu&#7851;n &#8211; nh&#7919;ng l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n n&#224;y c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7843;n &#225;nh qua t&#7841;o h&#236;nh v&#224; animation (v&#237; d&#7909;: g&#432;&#417;ng m&#7863;t chai s&#7841;n, d&#225;ng &#273;i m&#7879;t m&#7887;i, h&#224;nh vi b&#7845;t c&#7847;n).</p><p>T&#237;nh th&#7921;c t&#7871; &#7903; &#273;&#226;y kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i &#8220;&#273;&#250;ng nh&#432; ngo&#224;i &#273;&#7901;i&#8221;, m&#224; l&#224; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t hi&#7879;n th&#7921;c c&#243; th&#7875; tin &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n n&#7873;n &#273;&#7875; c&#225;c h&#7879; th&#7889;ng gameplay ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p nh&#432; crafting, survival, ho&#7863;c diplomacy ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng m&#432;&#7907;t m&#224;. N&#243; gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i d&#7877; &#273;&#7863;t m&#236;nh v&#224;o nh&#226;n v&#7853;t v&#224; ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; b&#7857;ng chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t, m&#224; b&#7857;ng c&#7843;m x&#250;c c&#225; nh&#226;n.</p><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, th&#7849;m m&#7929; trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; ph&#7909;c v&#7909; c&#225;i &#273;&#7865;p, m&#224; ph&#7909;c v&#7909; ni&#7873;m tin v&#224;o th&#7871; gi&#7899;i, r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n &#273;ang &#7903; &#273;&#243;, b&#7841;n l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n trong h&#7879; th&#7889;ng, v&#224; h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n c&#243; tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng th&#7853;t s&#7921; trong m&#7897;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i c&#243; quy lu&#7853;t ri&#234;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DlIK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F258bc9e1-b1a7-4a44-a8c6-e52976d2b622_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DlIK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F258bc9e1-b1a7-4a44-a8c6-e52976d2b622_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DlIK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F258bc9e1-b1a7-4a44-a8c6-e52976d2b622_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DlIK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F258bc9e1-b1a7-4a44-a8c6-e52976d2b622_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DlIK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F258bc9e1-b1a7-4a44-a8c6-e52976d2b622_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DlIK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F258bc9e1-b1a7-4a44-a8c6-e52976d2b622_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/258bc9e1-b1a7-4a44-a8c6-e52976d2b622_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of &#8206;5 people, phone and &#8206;text that says '&#8206;8A. N&#7873;n t&#7843;ng &amp; Th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#4121;&#4141;&#4143;&#4116;&#4154;&#4123;&#4158; Console v&#224; m&#225;y handheld l&#224; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng th&#7889;ng tr&#7883; trong nhi&#7873;u th&#7853;p k&#7927; V&#259;n h&#243;a arcade &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng m&#7841;nh &#273;&#7871;n thi&#7871;t k&#7871; nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7897;, l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, ph&#7859;n x&#7841; PC ph&#7893; c&#7853;p mu&#7897;n, ch&#7911; y&#7871;u d&#249;ng cho v&#259;n ph&#242;ng, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i gi&#7843;i tr&#237; Mobile ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n s&#7899;m: t&#7915; i-mode c&#7911;a Nh&#7853;t &#273;&#7871;n gacha c&#7911;a Trung Qu&#7889;c Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i th&#432;&#7901;ng theo nh&#243;m nh&#226;n kh&#7849;u h&#7885;c r&#245; r&#224;ng: h&#7885;c sinh, c&#244;ng s&#7903;, gia &#273;&#236;nh -&#1605; &#51473;&#8206;'&#8206;&#8206;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of &#8206;5 people, phone and &#8206;text that says '&#8206;8A. N&#7873;n t&#7843;ng &amp; Th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#4121;&#4141;&#4143;&#4116;&#4154;&#4123;&#4158; Console v&#224; m&#225;y handheld l&#224; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng th&#7889;ng tr&#7883; trong nhi&#7873;u th&#7853;p k&#7927; V&#259;n h&#243;a arcade &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng m&#7841;nh &#273;&#7871;n thi&#7871;t k&#7871; nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7897;, l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, ph&#7859;n x&#7841; PC ph&#7893; c&#7853;p mu&#7897;n, ch&#7911; y&#7871;u d&#249;ng cho v&#259;n ph&#242;ng, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i gi&#7843;i tr&#237; Mobile ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n s&#7899;m: t&#7915; i-mode c&#7911;a Nh&#7853;t &#273;&#7871;n gacha c&#7911;a Trung Qu&#7889;c Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i th&#432;&#7901;ng theo nh&#243;m nh&#226;n kh&#7849;u h&#7885;c r&#245; r&#224;ng: h&#7885;c sinh, c&#244;ng s&#7903;, gia &#273;&#236;nh -&#1605; &#51473;&#8206;'&#8206;&#8206;" title="May be an image of &#8206;5 people, phone and &#8206;text that says '&#8206;8A. N&#7873;n t&#7843;ng &amp; Th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#4121;&#4141;&#4143;&#4116;&#4154;&#4123;&#4158; Console v&#224; m&#225;y handheld l&#224; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng th&#7889;ng tr&#7883; trong nhi&#7873;u th&#7853;p k&#7927; V&#259;n h&#243;a arcade &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng m&#7841;nh &#273;&#7871;n thi&#7871;t k&#7871; nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7897;, l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, ph&#7859;n x&#7841; PC ph&#7893; c&#7853;p mu&#7897;n, ch&#7911; y&#7871;u d&#249;ng cho v&#259;n ph&#242;ng, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i gi&#7843;i tr&#237; Mobile ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n s&#7899;m: t&#7915; i-mode c&#7911;a Nh&#7853;t &#273;&#7871;n gacha c&#7911;a Trung Qu&#7889;c Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i th&#432;&#7901;ng theo nh&#243;m nh&#226;n kh&#7849;u h&#7885;c r&#245; r&#224;ng: h&#7885;c sinh, c&#244;ng s&#7903;, gia &#273;&#236;nh -&#1605; &#51473;&#8206;'&#8206;&#8206;" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DlIK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F258bc9e1-b1a7-4a44-a8c6-e52976d2b622_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DlIK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F258bc9e1-b1a7-4a44-a8c6-e52976d2b622_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DlIK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F258bc9e1-b1a7-4a44-a8c6-e52976d2b622_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DlIK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F258bc9e1-b1a7-4a44-a8c6-e52976d2b622_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>S&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a ng&#224;nh game Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; t&#225;ch r&#7901;i kh&#7887;i c&#225;c n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng ph&#7847;n c&#7913;ng v&#224; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#417;i game &#273;&#7863;c th&#249; c&#7911;a khu v&#7921;c n&#224;y. Trong su&#7889;t h&#417;n ba th&#7853;p k&#7927;, c&#225;c qu&#7889;c gia nh&#432; Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n, H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c v&#224; Trung Qu&#7889;c &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; &#273;i&#7875;m chung l&#224; v&#7855;ng b&#243;ng m&#7897;t h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i PC gaming m&#7841;nh m&#7869; trong &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng c&#225; nh&#226;n, tr&#225;i ng&#432;&#7907;c ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#7899;i ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y.</p><p>&#7902; Nh&#7853;t, vi&#7879;c s&#7903; h&#7919;u m&#225;y t&#237;nh c&#225; nh&#226;n t&#7841;i nh&#224; t&#7915;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n, nh&#7845;t l&#224; trong th&#7853;p ni&#234;n 80-90, do gi&#225; th&#224;nh cao v&#224; vi&#7879;c &#273;&#225;nh m&#225;y b&#7857;ng ti&#7871;ng Nh&#7853;t v&#7851;n ch&#432;a thu&#7853;n ti&#7879;n. Trong khi &#273;&#243;, c&#225;c m&#225;y console nh&#432; Famicom (1983), Super Famicom, PlayStation v&#224; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; c&#225;c thi&#7871;t b&#7883; handheld nh&#432; Game Boy, PSP, Nintendo DS nhanh ch&#243;ng tr&#7903; th&#224;nh ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n gi&#7843;i tr&#237; ph&#7893; c&#7853;p. C&#249;ng v&#7899;i s&#7921; hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n m&#7841;nh m&#7869; c&#7911;a c&#225;c trung t&#226;m arcade, v&#7889;n &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; nh&#432; n&#417;i t&#7909; h&#7885;p x&#227; h&#7897;i v&#224; c&#7841;nh tranh tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p, game &#7903; Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#7899;i t&#432; duy: m&#7895;i phi&#234;n ch&#417;i n&#234;n ng&#7855;n, r&#245; r&#224;ng, ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i m&#7841;nh, v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#417;i l&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;i&#7875;m cao h&#417;n.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y l&#253; gi&#7843;i v&#236; sao nhi&#7873;u th&#7875; lo&#7841;i &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng c&#7911;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng nh&#432; JRPG, fighting game, rhythm game, bullet hell shooter, visual novel &#273;&#7873;u th&#237;ch h&#7907;p v&#7899;i console ho&#7863;c handheld h&#417;n l&#224; PC. Nh&#7919;ng th&#7875; lo&#7841;i n&#224;y c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#243;ng khung trong tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#417;n l&#7867; ho&#7863;c theo l&#432;&#7907;t, &#237;t ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o thao t&#225;c b&#224;n ph&#237;m chu&#7897;t ho&#7863;c kh&#7843; n&#259;ng modding.</p><p>B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n v&#224; H&#224;n Qu&#7889;c, l&#224; n&#417;i mobile gaming ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n r&#7845;t s&#7899;m. Nh&#7853;t t&#7915;ng c&#243; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng i-mode t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m 2000, cho ph&#233;p ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i ph&#7893; th&#244;ng &#273;&#7875; ch&#417;i c&#225;c game RPG, dating sim, chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t&#8230; t&#7915; khi smartphone c&#242;n ch&#432;a ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n. Khi smartphone b&#249;ng n&#7893;, Trung Qu&#7889;c nhanh ch&#243;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#225;c game mobile quy m&#244; l&#7899;n v&#7899;i h&#7879; th&#7889;ng gacha, VIP, v&#224; live ops, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; th&#7889;ng tr&#7883; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng n&#7897;i &#273;&#7883;a m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n console.</p><p>Do &#273;&#7863;c th&#249; x&#227; h&#7897;i nh&#432; kh&#244;ng gian s&#7889;ng ch&#7853;t h&#7865;p, th&#7901;i gian di chuy&#7875;n b&#7857;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n c&#244;ng c&#7897;ng d&#224;i, v&#224; nh&#7883;p s&#7889;ng ph&#226;n m&#7843;nh theo l&#7883;ch l&#224;m vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c t&#7853;p, ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng theo nh&#243;m nh&#226;n kh&#7849;u h&#7885;c r&#245; r&#224;ng: h&#7885;c sinh ch&#417;i handheld v&#224; mobile, ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh ch&#417;i console t&#7841;i nh&#224; ho&#7863;c mobile trong gi&#7901; ngh&#7881;, game &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia theo &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i v&#224; gi&#7899;i t&#237;nh nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n so v&#7899;i c&#225;c th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y.</p><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng ph&#7847;n c&#7913;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; c&#244;ng c&#7909; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t, m&#224; ch&#237;nh l&#224; khung h&#236;nh &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a th&#7875; lo&#7841;i, nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7897; v&#224; phong c&#225;ch ch&#417;i. V&#224; &#7903; Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng, khung h&#236;nh &#273;&#243; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#250;c t&#7915; arcade, console v&#224; thi&#7871;t b&#7883; c&#225; nh&#226;n nh&#7887; g&#7885;n, t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t di s&#7843;n th&#7849;m m&#7929; v&#224; th&#7875; lo&#7841;i mang t&#237;nh &#273;&#243;ng khung, s&#226;u s&#7855;c, v&#224; &#273;&#7847;y t&#237;nh bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7841;t.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySXp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7671d12d-6e20-4f67-bf4a-d3b5a94b0049_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySXp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7671d12d-6e20-4f67-bf4a-d3b5a94b0049_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySXp!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7671d12d-6e20-4f67-bf4a-d3b5a94b0049_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySXp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7671d12d-6e20-4f67-bf4a-d3b5a94b0049_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySXp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7671d12d-6e20-4f67-bf4a-d3b5a94b0049_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySXp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7671d12d-6e20-4f67-bf4a-d3b5a94b0049_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7671d12d-6e20-4f67-bf4a-d3b5a94b0049_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of 4 people and text that says '8B. N&#7873;n t&#7843;ng &amp; Th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y PC l&#224; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7841;nh m&#7869; t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u- kh&#244;ng b&#7883; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n b&#7903;i h&#227;ng m&#225;y n&#224;o Internet v&#224; LAN party th&#250;c &#273;&#7845;y game online, modding v&#224; multiplayer Game t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng chu&#7897;t, b&#224;n ph&#237;m, &#7892; c&#7913;ng: ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i sandbox v&#224; game c&#243; chi&#7873;u s&#226;u h&#7879; th&#7889;ng S&#7921; ph&#7889; c&#7853;p c&#7911;a PC m&#7903; ra th&#7871; lo&#7841;i chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t, m&#244; ph&#7887;ng, nh&#7853;p vai m&#7903; Game tr&#7903; th&#224;nh ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n th&#7875; hi&#7879;n c&#225; t&#237;nh, s&#225;ng t&#7841;o v&#224; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of 4 people and text that says '8B. N&#7873;n t&#7843;ng &amp; Th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y PC l&#224; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7841;nh m&#7869; t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u- kh&#244;ng b&#7883; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n b&#7903;i h&#227;ng m&#225;y n&#224;o Internet v&#224; LAN party th&#250;c &#273;&#7845;y game online, modding v&#224; multiplayer Game t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng chu&#7897;t, b&#224;n ph&#237;m, &#7892; c&#7913;ng: ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i sandbox v&#224; game c&#243; chi&#7873;u s&#226;u h&#7879; th&#7889;ng S&#7921; ph&#7889; c&#7853;p c&#7911;a PC m&#7903; ra th&#7871; lo&#7841;i chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t, m&#244; ph&#7887;ng, nh&#7853;p vai m&#7903; Game tr&#7903; th&#224;nh ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n th&#7875; hi&#7879;n c&#225; t&#237;nh, s&#225;ng t&#7841;o v&#224; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng'" title="May be an image of 4 people and text that says '8B. N&#7873;n t&#7843;ng &amp; Th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng: Ph&#237;a Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y PC l&#224; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7841;nh m&#7869; t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u- kh&#244;ng b&#7883; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n b&#7903;i h&#227;ng m&#225;y n&#224;o Internet v&#224; LAN party th&#250;c &#273;&#7845;y game online, modding v&#224; multiplayer Game t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng chu&#7897;t, b&#224;n ph&#237;m, &#7892; c&#7913;ng: ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i sandbox v&#224; game c&#243; chi&#7873;u s&#226;u h&#7879; th&#7889;ng S&#7921; ph&#7889; c&#7853;p c&#7911;a PC m&#7903; ra th&#7871; lo&#7841;i chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t, m&#244; ph&#7887;ng, nh&#7853;p vai m&#7903; Game tr&#7903; th&#224;nh ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n th&#7875; hi&#7879;n c&#225; t&#237;nh, s&#225;ng t&#7841;o v&#224; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySXp!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7671d12d-6e20-4f67-bf4a-d3b5a94b0049_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySXp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7671d12d-6e20-4f67-bf4a-d3b5a94b0049_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySXp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7671d12d-6e20-4f67-bf4a-d3b5a94b0049_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySXp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7671d12d-6e20-4f67-bf4a-d3b5a94b0049_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Tr&#225;i ng&#432;&#7907;c v&#7899;i Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng, n&#417;i console v&#224; arcade chi&#7871;m &#432;u th&#7871;, ng&#224;nh game ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y t&#7915; r&#7845;t s&#7899;m &#273;&#227; h&#236;nh th&#224;nh v&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7841;nh m&#7869; tr&#234;n n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng PC c&#225; nh&#226;n. T&#7915; nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m 80, m&#225;y t&#237;nh kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n trong gi&#7899;i l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh, m&#224; c&#242;n tr&#7903; th&#224;nh ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n gi&#7843;i tr&#237; t&#7841;i nh&#224;, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t &#7903; B&#7855;c M&#7929; v&#224; ch&#226;u &#194;u, n&#417;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng quen thu&#7897;c v&#7899;i b&#224;n ph&#237;m, chu&#7897;t, &#7893; c&#7913;ng c&#225; nh&#226;n, v&#224; m&#7897;t tinh th&#7847;n &#8220;v&#7885;c v&#7841;ch&#8221; ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y &#273;&#227; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t lo&#7841;t &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n l&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng cho nh&#7919;ng th&#7875; lo&#7841;i game ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p v&#7873; m&#7863;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng, cho ph&#233;p l&#432;u tr&#7919; d&#224;i h&#7841;n, t&#249;y bi&#7871;n giao di&#7879;n, v&#224; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c theo nhi&#7873;u d&#7841;ng kh&#225;c nhau. C&#225;c th&#7875; lo&#7841;i nh&#432; 4X (eXplore, eXpand, eXploit, eXterminate), grand strategy, immersive sim, real-time tactics, open-world RPG &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i n&#224;y, n&#417;i ph&#7847;n c&#7913;ng kh&#244;ng gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n, ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i s&#7861;n s&#224;ng &#273;&#7885;c t&#224;i li&#7879;u, v&#224; gameplay c&#243; th&#7875; k&#233;o d&#224;i h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c &#273;&#7871;n h&#224;ng tr&#259;m gi&#7901;.</p><p>S&#7921; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n c&#7911;a LAN party, internet, v&#224; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng mod ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c th&#250;c &#273;&#7849;y kh&#7843; n&#259;ng m&#7903; r&#7897;ng c&#7911;a game PC ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y. Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng c&#242;n ch&#7881; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng, m&#224; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#225;ng t&#7841;o n&#7897;i dung: t&#7915; custom map trong Warcraft III, mod &#273;&#7891; h&#7885;a trong Skyrim, &#273;&#7871;n to&#224;n b&#7897; game m&#7899;i ph&#225;t sinh t&#7915; mod nh&#432; Counter-Strike hay Dota. PC t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7903;i m&#7903;, linh ho&#7841;t, v&#224; &#273;&#7847;y ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng c&#225; nh&#226;n, &#273;i&#7873;u g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; c&#243; &#7903; console &#273;&#243;ng.</p><p>Vi&#7879;c PC ph&#7893; c&#7853;p trong kh&#244;ng gian gia &#273;&#236;nh, th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; tr&#234;n b&#224;n l&#224;m vi&#7879;c, trong ph&#242;ng ri&#234;ng, c&#361;ng &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n game. Kh&#244;ng gian ri&#234;ng t&#432;, c&#243; th&#7901;i gian t&#297;nh v&#224; &#237;t r&#224;ng bu&#7897;c x&#227; h&#7897;i khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch s&#7921; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; c&#225; nh&#226;n, kh&#225;m ph&#225; t&#7921; do, v&#224; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n c&#225;i t&#244;i th&#244;ng qua l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n ch&#417;i. M&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#243; th&#7875; d&#224;nh c&#7843; tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7875; t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a build trong Diablo II, ho&#7863;c vi&#7871;t l&#7841;i mod cho game y&#234;u th&#237;ch, t&#7845;t c&#7843; n&#7857;m trong v&#259;n h&#243;a &#8220;ch&#417;i &#273;&#7875; ki&#7871;n t&#7841;o&#8221; (constructive play), thay v&#236; &#8220;ch&#417;i &#273;&#7875; ho&#224;n th&#224;nh&#8221;.</p><p>Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a game online nh&#432; World of Warcraft, Team Fortress, DayZ, Rust hay Minecraft &#273;&#227; bi&#7871;n PC th&#224;nh n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i h&#243;a ch&#417;i game, nh&#432;ng l&#224; x&#227; h&#7897;i theo h&#432;&#7899;ng m&#7903; r&#7897;ng c&#225; nh&#226;n, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i t&#7853;p th&#7875; kh&#233;p k&#237;n nh&#432; v&#259;n h&#243;a arcade ch&#226;u &#193;. Game kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ti&#234;u th&#7909;, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#273;&#7875; s&#7889;ng trong &#273;&#243;, m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7841;o server, mod l&#7841;i lu&#7853;t, chia s&#7867; kinh nghi&#7879;m, v&#224; bi&#7871;n kh&#244;ng gian &#7843;o th&#224;nh n&#417;i th&#7875; hi&#7879;n b&#7843;n s&#7855;c ri&#234;ng.</p><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, PC &#7903; ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i v&#259;n h&#243;a. V&#224; ch&#237;nh h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i &#273;&#243; &#273;&#227; sinh ra nh&#7919;ng th&#7875; lo&#7841;i game, c&#417; ch&#7871; thi&#7871;t k&#7871;, v&#224; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng s&#225;ng t&#7841;o &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng, tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7889;t l&#245;i trong b&#7843;n s&#7855;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RbfU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4910125-9df4-41e5-b0d7-eccf1ba1ab0d_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RbfU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4910125-9df4-41e5-b0d7-eccf1ba1ab0d_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RbfU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4910125-9df4-41e5-b0d7-eccf1ba1ab0d_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RbfU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4910125-9df4-41e5-b0d7-eccf1ba1ab0d_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RbfU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4910125-9df4-41e5-b0d7-eccf1ba1ab0d_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RbfU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4910125-9df4-41e5-b0d7-eccf1ba1ab0d_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e4910125-9df4-41e5-b0d7-eccf1ba1ab0d_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of &#8206;3 people and &#8206;text that says '&#8206;9. Trung Qu&#7889;c: M&#7897;t h&#7879; h&#236;nh thi&#7871;t k&#7871; th&#7913; ba &#12356;2 C Th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng n&#7897;i &#273;&#7883;a l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t th&#7875; gi&#7899;i, ph&#225;t tri&#7873;n &#273;&#7897;t ng&#7897;t sau 2010 B&#7883; c&#7845;m console h&#417;n 13 n&#259;m &#1607; 4 3 &#12513; Azure Excursion mobile v&#224; online nh&#7843;y th&#7859;ng sang Kamisato &#12483;&#12486; doanh Gacha, F2P, v&#224; live ops tr&#7903; th&#224;nh chu&#7849;n m&#7921;c kinh KANT H&#1081;Ka Game nh&#432; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m d&#7883;ch v&#7909;: v&#7853;n h&#224;nh, t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a, gi&#7919; ch&#226;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i &#1585;&#1603; &#32593;&#23798;&#23481;&#25103; c&#7847;u h&#243;a Tencent, NetEase, miHoYo: t&#7915; n&#7897;i &#273;&#7883;a h&#243;a &#273;&#7871;n to&#224;n &#22238;&#28526;&#20844;&#35036;&#8206;'&#8206;&#8206;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of &#8206;3 people and &#8206;text that says '&#8206;9. Trung Qu&#7889;c: M&#7897;t h&#7879; h&#236;nh thi&#7871;t k&#7871; th&#7913; ba &#12356;2 C Th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng n&#7897;i &#273;&#7883;a l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t th&#7875; gi&#7899;i, ph&#225;t tri&#7873;n &#273;&#7897;t ng&#7897;t sau 2010 B&#7883; c&#7845;m console h&#417;n 13 n&#259;m &#1607; 4 3 &#12513; Azure Excursion mobile v&#224; online nh&#7843;y th&#7859;ng sang Kamisato &#12483;&#12486; doanh Gacha, F2P, v&#224; live ops tr&#7903; th&#224;nh chu&#7849;n m&#7921;c kinh KANT H&#1081;Ka Game nh&#432; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m d&#7883;ch v&#7909;: v&#7853;n h&#224;nh, t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a, gi&#7919; ch&#226;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i &#1585;&#1603; &#32593;&#23798;&#23481;&#25103; c&#7847;u h&#243;a Tencent, NetEase, miHoYo: t&#7915; n&#7897;i &#273;&#7883;a h&#243;a &#273;&#7871;n to&#224;n &#22238;&#28526;&#20844;&#35036;&#8206;'&#8206;&#8206;" title="May be an image of &#8206;3 people and &#8206;text that says '&#8206;9. Trung Qu&#7889;c: M&#7897;t h&#7879; h&#236;nh thi&#7871;t k&#7871; th&#7913; ba &#12356;2 C Th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng n&#7897;i &#273;&#7883;a l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t th&#7875; gi&#7899;i, ph&#225;t tri&#7873;n &#273;&#7897;t ng&#7897;t sau 2010 B&#7883; c&#7845;m console h&#417;n 13 n&#259;m &#1607; 4 3 &#12513; Azure Excursion mobile v&#224; online nh&#7843;y th&#7859;ng sang Kamisato &#12483;&#12486; doanh Gacha, F2P, v&#224; live ops tr&#7903; th&#224;nh chu&#7849;n m&#7921;c kinh KANT H&#1081;Ka Game nh&#432; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m d&#7883;ch v&#7909;: v&#7853;n h&#224;nh, t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a, gi&#7919; ch&#226;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i &#1585;&#1603; &#32593;&#23798;&#23481;&#25103; c&#7847;u h&#243;a Tencent, NetEase, miHoYo: t&#7915; n&#7897;i &#273;&#7883;a h&#243;a &#273;&#7871;n to&#224;n &#22238;&#28526;&#20844;&#35036;&#8206;'&#8206;&#8206;" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RbfU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4910125-9df4-41e5-b0d7-eccf1ba1ab0d_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RbfU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4910125-9df4-41e5-b0d7-eccf1ba1ab0d_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RbfU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4910125-9df4-41e5-b0d7-eccf1ba1ab0d_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RbfU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe4910125-9df4-41e5-b0d7-eccf1ba1ab0d_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Trung Qu&#7889;c l&#224; m&#7897;t hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t trong ng&#224;nh c&#244;ng nghi&#7879;p game to&#224;n c&#7847;u. Kh&#244;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n, ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n tr&#234;n n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng console t&#7915; th&#7853;p ni&#234;n 80, hay ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y, l&#7899;n l&#234;n c&#249;ng PC v&#224; sandbox, Trung Qu&#7889;c b&#7883; c&#7845;m ph&#225;t h&#224;nh m&#225;y console t&#7915; n&#259;m 2000 &#273;&#7871;n 2014. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c m&#7897;t th&#7871; h&#7879; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i v&#224; nh&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#273;&#227; b&#7887; qua ho&#224;n to&#224;n giai &#273;o&#7841;n console h&#243;a, thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n game tr&#234;n n&#7873;n PC online, tr&#236;nh duy&#7879;t v&#224; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; mobile, d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t h&#7879; h&#236;nh ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t: &#8220;mobile-first, F2P-first, service-first.&#8221;</p><p>Khi smartphone b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#249;ng n&#7893; sau 2010, Trung Qu&#7889;c, v&#7899;i th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#7893;ng l&#7891;, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng quen v&#7899;i giao di&#7879;n mobile, v&#224; h&#7841; t&#7847;ng thanh to&#225;n &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917; v&#432;&#7907;t tr&#7897;i, nhanh ch&#243;ng &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh m&#7897;t phong c&#225;ch game ri&#234;ng: game &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t h&#224;nh mi&#7877;n ph&#237;, c&#243; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng gacha ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, t&#237;ch h&#7907;p t&#237;nh n&#259;ng VIP, &#273;&#7845;u h&#7841;ng, s&#7921; ki&#7879;n &#273;&#7883;nh k&#7923;, b&#7843;ng x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng, v&#224; chu&#7895;i ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#259;ng nh&#7853;p h&#224;ng ng&#224;y. &#272;&#226;y kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; game theo ngh&#297;a truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng d&#7883;ch v&#7909; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t s&#7889;, v&#7899;i logic v&#7853;n h&#224;nh g&#7847;n gi&#7889;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m SaaS.</p><p>C&#225;c studio Trung Qu&#7889;c nh&#432; Tencent, NetEase, Lilith Games hay miHoYo &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; m&#7841;nh v&#224;o CSHT v&#7853;n h&#224;nh, t&#7915; qu&#7843;n l&#253; server, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u, A/B testing, &#273;&#7871;n qu&#7843;n l&#253; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng v&#224; truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng t&#237;ch h&#7907;p. Tr&#242; ch&#417;i kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; c&#7847;n "hay" khi ph&#225;t h&#224;nh, m&#224; ph&#7843;i s&#7889;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, v&#224; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng n&#7897;i dung li&#234;n t&#7909;c theo th&#225;ng, theo m&#249;a. Game nh&#432; Honor of Kings, AFK Arena, Arknights, Alchemy Stars hay Genshin Impact &#273;&#7873;u tu&#226;n th&#7911; m&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;y, khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c lu&#244;n c&#243; &#8220;n&#7897;i dung m&#7899;i&#8221; v&#224; lu&#244;n c&#243; l&#253; do &#273;&#7875; quay l&#7841;i.</p><p>&#272;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253;, m&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; ph&#7909;c v&#7909; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng n&#7897;i &#273;&#7883;a. Trong kho&#7843;ng m&#7897;t th&#7853;p k&#7927; tr&#7903; l&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y, c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty Trung Qu&#7889;c &#273;&#227; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c to&#224;n c&#7847;u h&#243;a b&#224;i b&#7843;n: thu&#234; &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; b&#7843;n &#273;&#7883;a h&#243;a, tuy&#7875;n nh&#226;n s&#7921; qu&#7889;c t&#7871;, thu&#234; KOL to&#224;n c&#7847;u, t&#7889;i &#432;u game theo t&#7915;ng khu v&#7921;c. Genshin Impact l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; ti&#234;u bi&#7875;u: v&#7873; m&#7863;t gameplay, n&#243; vay m&#432;&#7907;n t&#7915; Breath of the Wild; v&#7873; th&#7849;m m&#7929;, n&#243; &#273;&#7853;m ch&#7845;t anime Nh&#7853;t; nh&#432;ng v&#7873; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng kinh t&#7871; v&#224; live ops, n&#243; ho&#224;n to&#224;n mang d&#7845;u &#7845;n Trung Qu&#7889;c.</p><p>Kh&#225;c v&#7899;i Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n, th&#432;&#7901;ng thi&#234;n v&#7873; t&#7847;m nh&#236;n &#273;&#7841;o di&#7877;n c&#225; nh&#226;n, v&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y, coi game l&#224; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t ho&#7863;c h&#7879; th&#7889;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c, Trung Qu&#7889;c ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n game nh&#432; m&#7897;t h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i c&#244;ng nghi&#7879;p h&#243;a, n&#417;i m&#7885;i kh&#237;a c&#7841;nh t&#7915; thi&#7871;t k&#7871;, v&#7853;n h&#224;nh &#273;&#7871;n marketing &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chu&#7849;n h&#243;a, &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; t&#7889;i &#432;u li&#234;n t&#7909;c. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y khi&#7871;n t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, quy m&#244; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh, v&#224; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; khai th&#225;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#7911;a ng&#224;nh game Trung Qu&#7889;c v&#432;&#7907;t tr&#7897;i, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i c&#361;ng &#273;&#7863;t ra nhi&#7873;u c&#226;u h&#7887;i v&#7873; s&#7921; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, m&#244; h&#236;nh b&#243;c l&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i (nh&#7845;t l&#224; v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i "c&#225; voi"), v&#224; t&#237;nh s&#225;ng t&#7841;o trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; c&#417; ch&#7871;.</p><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, Trung Qu&#7889;c kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; sao ch&#233;p Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng hay h&#7885;c h&#7887;i Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y, m&#224; &#273;&#227; m&#7903; ra m&#7897;t nh&#225;nh ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n th&#7913; ba, n&#417;i game = h&#7879; th&#7889;ng d&#7883;ch v&#7909; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a &#273;&#7871;n c&#7921;c &#273;&#7897;. V&#224; trong nhi&#7873;u kh&#237;a c&#7841;nh, th&#7871; gi&#7899;i hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i, t&#7915; gacha trong game M&#7929;, &#273;&#7871;n live ops trong game Nh&#7853;t, &#273;ang d&#7847;n b&#7883; Trung Qu&#7889;c h&#243;a m&#224; kh&#244;ng hay bi&#7871;t.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4v6q!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6da1deda-c979-40a1-b020-47e1c463c052_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4v6q!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6da1deda-c979-40a1-b020-47e1c463c052_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4v6q!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6da1deda-c979-40a1-b020-47e1c463c052_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4v6q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6da1deda-c979-40a1-b020-47e1c463c052_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4v6q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6da1deda-c979-40a1-b020-47e1c463c052_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4v6q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6da1deda-c979-40a1-b020-47e1c463c052_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6da1deda-c979-40a1-b020-47e1c463c052_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of 1 person and text that says '10. H&#7897;i t&#7909; &amp; To&#224;n c&#7847;u h&#243;a C&#225;c studio h&#7885;c h&#7887;i l&#7851;n nhau: Nh&#7853;t h&#7885;c Agile, M&#7929; h&#7885;c gacha, Trung Qu&#7889;c h&#7885;c storytelling Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i to&#224;n c&#7847;u ng&#224;y c&#224;ng ti&#7871;p nh&#7853;n &#273;a d&#7841;ng 557 &#26143;&#24029;&#26085; SYMBIOTE INVASION &#4140;&#4126;&#4121;&#4145;&#4121;&#4116;&#4154;&#4100;&#4154;&#4121;&#4154;&#4118;&#4158;&#4146;&#4151; 20 477/ 1000 REMINRS SASTeReT Sntenirat 5 ELANET phong c&#225;ch C&#225;c game l&#7899;n t&#237;ch h&#7907;p y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#272;&#244;ng- T&#226;y: Breath of the Wild, Ghost of Tsushima, Genshin Impact T&#7915; &#273;&#7889;i l&#7853;p va ch&#7841;m lai gh&#233;p c&#243; ch&#7911; &#273;&#237;ch Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7841;i &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t &#273;a v&#259;n h&#243;a FREE KaonAEK SHHIDER-MAN Mariane 5BISTFRS BwPeTMOM 9.99 &#31119; &#22270; Bars'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of 1 person and text that says '10. H&#7897;i t&#7909; &amp; To&#224;n c&#7847;u h&#243;a C&#225;c studio h&#7885;c h&#7887;i l&#7851;n nhau: Nh&#7853;t h&#7885;c Agile, M&#7929; h&#7885;c gacha, Trung Qu&#7889;c h&#7885;c storytelling Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i to&#224;n c&#7847;u ng&#224;y c&#224;ng ti&#7871;p nh&#7853;n &#273;a d&#7841;ng 557 &#26143;&#24029;&#26085; SYMBIOTE INVASION &#4140;&#4126;&#4121;&#4145;&#4121;&#4116;&#4154;&#4100;&#4154;&#4121;&#4154;&#4118;&#4158;&#4146;&#4151; 20 477/ 1000 REMINRS SASTeReT Sntenirat 5 ELANET phong c&#225;ch C&#225;c game l&#7899;n t&#237;ch h&#7907;p y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#272;&#244;ng- T&#226;y: Breath of the Wild, Ghost of Tsushima, Genshin Impact T&#7915; &#273;&#7889;i l&#7853;p va ch&#7841;m lai gh&#233;p c&#243; ch&#7911; &#273;&#237;ch Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7841;i &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t &#273;a v&#259;n h&#243;a FREE KaonAEK SHHIDER-MAN Mariane 5BISTFRS BwPeTMOM 9.99 &#31119; &#22270; Bars'" title="May be an image of 1 person and text that says '10. H&#7897;i t&#7909; &amp; To&#224;n c&#7847;u h&#243;a C&#225;c studio h&#7885;c h&#7887;i l&#7851;n nhau: Nh&#7853;t h&#7885;c Agile, M&#7929; h&#7885;c gacha, Trung Qu&#7889;c h&#7885;c storytelling Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i to&#224;n c&#7847;u ng&#224;y c&#224;ng ti&#7871;p nh&#7853;n &#273;a d&#7841;ng 557 &#26143;&#24029;&#26085; SYMBIOTE INVASION &#4140;&#4126;&#4121;&#4145;&#4121;&#4116;&#4154;&#4100;&#4154;&#4121;&#4154;&#4118;&#4158;&#4146;&#4151; 20 477/ 1000 REMINRS SASTeReT Sntenirat 5 ELANET phong c&#225;ch C&#225;c game l&#7899;n t&#237;ch h&#7907;p y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#272;&#244;ng- T&#226;y: Breath of the Wild, Ghost of Tsushima, Genshin Impact T&#7915; &#273;&#7889;i l&#7853;p va ch&#7841;m lai gh&#233;p c&#243; ch&#7911; &#273;&#237;ch Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7841;i &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t &#273;a v&#259;n h&#243;a FREE KaonAEK SHHIDER-MAN Mariane 5BISTFRS BwPeTMOM 9.99 &#31119; &#22270; Bars'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4v6q!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6da1deda-c979-40a1-b020-47e1c463c052_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4v6q!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6da1deda-c979-40a1-b020-47e1c463c052_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4v6q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6da1deda-c979-40a1-b020-47e1c463c052_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4v6q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6da1deda-c979-40a1-b020-47e1c463c052_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sau nhi&#7873;u th&#7853;p k&#7927; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#7899;i c&#225;c h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;i g&#7847;n nh&#432; &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p, ng&#224;nh game to&#224;n c&#7847;u &#273;ang b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o m&#7897;t giai &#273;o&#7841;n h&#7897;i t&#7909; s&#226;u r&#7897;ng gi&#7919;a c&#225;c tr&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#225;i thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#272;&#244;ng-T&#226;y-Trung. Qu&#225; tr&#236;nh n&#224;y kh&#244;ng di&#7877;n ra theo d&#7841;ng &#8220;b&#234;n n&#224;o th&#7855;ng b&#234;n n&#224;o&#8221;, m&#224; theo m&#7897;t logic ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p h&#417;n: c&#225;c m&#244; h&#236;nh &#273;ang h&#7885;c h&#7887;i l&#7851;n nhau, va ch&#7841;m nhau, v&#224; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u lai gh&#233;p m&#7897;t c&#225;ch ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7889;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#234;n to&#224;n c&#7847;u.</p><p>Ta c&#243; th&#7875; quan s&#225;t s&#7921; h&#7897;i t&#7909; n&#224;y &#7903; nhi&#7873;u c&#7845;p &#273;&#7897;:</p><p>V&#7873; quy tr&#236;nh s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t, c&#225;c studio Nh&#7853;t, v&#7889;n n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng b&#7843;o th&#7911; , &#273;ang d&#7847;n &#225;p d&#7909;ng c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p qu&#7843;n l&#253; hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i nh&#432; Agile, Scrum, version control, continuous integration, v&#7889;n ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n &#7903; ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y. C&#225;c c&#244;ng ty nh&#432; Capcom, Square Enix, Nintendo&#8230; &#273;&#227; chuy&#7875;n t&#7915; engine n&#7897;i b&#7897; sang Unity, Unreal, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng project management tools &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m s&#7921; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o &#8220;c&#7843;m h&#7913;ng &#273;&#7841;o di&#7877;n&#8221;. Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, c&#225;c studio ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y &#273;ang h&#7885;c h&#7887;i m&#244; h&#236;nh v&#7853;n h&#224;nh d&#7883;ch v&#7909; (live ops), thi&#7871;t k&#7871; retention, v&#224; c&#417; ch&#7871; gacha t&#7915; Trung Qu&#7889;c, th&#7875; hi&#7879;n r&#245; trong c&#225;c game nh&#432; Marvel Snap, Call of Duty: Mobile, hay c&#225;c battle pass ng&#224;y c&#224;ng xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n trong game AAA.</p><p>V&#7873; th&#7849;m m&#7929; v&#224; n&#7897;i dung, c&#225;c game m&#7899;i ng&#224;y c&#224;ng mang t&#237;nh qu&#7889;c t&#7871; h&#243;a cao. Ghost of Tsushima, do studio M&#7929; (Sucker Punch) ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng th&#7849;m m&#7929; Nh&#7853;t &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khen ng&#7907;i &#7903; ch&#237;nh Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n. Genshin Impact, do Trung Qu&#7889;c s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t, l&#7841;i vay m&#432;&#7907;n tri&#7871;t l&#253; open world t&#7915; ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y v&#224; th&#7849;m m&#7929; anime t&#7915; Nh&#7853;t. Trong khi &#273;&#243;, Breath of the Wild, game do Nintendo Nh&#7853;t s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t, l&#7841;i ph&#225; v&#7905; truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng game Nh&#7853;t b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch h&#7885;c h&#7887;i c&#7845;u tr&#250;c m&#7903;, emergent gameplay, v&#224; v&#7853;t l&#253; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c t&#7915; c&#225;c sandbox ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y nh&#432; Skyrim, Minecraft.</p><p>Ngay c&#7843; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#361;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i: h&#7885; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n r&#224;o c&#7843;n khi ch&#417;i game &#8220;thu&#7847;n Nh&#7853;t&#8221;, &#8220;thu&#7847;n M&#7929;&#8221; hay &#8220;thu&#7847;n Trung Qu&#7889;c&#8221;. Ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t c&#243; th&#7875; nghi&#7873;n Persona, ng&#432;&#7901;i M&#7929; c&#243; th&#7875; say m&#234; Arknights, v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i Nh&#7853;t c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; cao Red Dead Redemption. T&#237;nh ch&#7845;t to&#224;n c&#7847;u c&#7911;a c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng streamer, YouTuber, Discord server, c&#249;ng v&#7899;i h&#7879; th&#7889;ng ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i xuy&#234;n bi&#234;n gi&#7899;i (Steam, Epic, App Store) khi&#7871;n m&#7885;i thi&#7871;t k&#7871;, d&#249; b&#7855;t ngu&#7891;n t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u, &#273;&#7873;u ph&#7843;i chu&#7849;n b&#7883; &#273;&#7875; &#8220;s&#7889;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c&#8221; trong m&#7897;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#273;a v&#259;n h&#243;a.</p><p>Quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t, c&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ng&#224;y nay kh&#244;ng c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#8220;thu&#7847;n m&#7897;t tr&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#225;i&#8221;. M&#7897;t game designer hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i c&#7847;n hi&#7875;u v&#7873; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng loot c&#7911;a Trung Qu&#7889;c, v&#242;ng l&#7863;p power fantasy c&#7911;a ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y, v&#224; logic pacing theo ki&#7875;u Nh&#7853;t, ch&#7881; nh&#432; th&#7871;, h&#7885; m&#7899;i c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7841;o ra tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m v&#7915;a quen thu&#7897;c v&#7915;a m&#7899;i m&#7867;, v&#7915;a &#273;&#7841;i ch&#250;ng v&#7915;a c&#243; b&#7843;n s&#7855;c.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, s&#7921; h&#7897;i t&#7909; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i m&#7845;t &#273;i b&#7843;n s&#7855;c. Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, ch&#237;nh vi&#7879;c nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng ch&#7885;n l&#7885;c v&#224; lai gh&#233;p m&#7899;i l&#224; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#237;ch th&#7921;c trong k&#7927; nguy&#234;n to&#224;n c&#7847;u. M&#7897;t t&#7921;a game t&#7889;t kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; game &#8220;trung t&#237;nh v&#7873; v&#259;n h&#243;a&#8221;, m&#224; l&#224; game c&#243; &#253; th&#7913;c r&#245; v&#7873; v&#259;n h&#243;a m&#236;nh &#273;ang &#273;&#7889;i tho&#7841;i v&#224; &#273;ang k&#7871; th&#7915;a t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u.</p><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, ch&#250;ng ta &#273;ang s&#7889;ng trong th&#7901;i k&#7923; h&#7853;u-ph&#226;n-c&#7921;c: khi c&#226;u h&#7887;i kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; "b&#7841;n thu&#7897;c &#272;&#244;ng hay T&#226;y", m&#224; l&#224; "b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bao nhi&#234;u t&#7915; c&#7843; hai, v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; t&#7915; giao &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#243; hay kh&#244;ng."</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rUjF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09fd4243-684a-472d-ab20-32435f34fc0c_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rUjF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09fd4243-684a-472d-ab20-32435f34fc0c_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rUjF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09fd4243-684a-472d-ab20-32435f34fc0c_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rUjF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09fd4243-684a-472d-ab20-32435f34fc0c_2048x1152.jpeg 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text&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of text" title="May be an image of text" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rUjF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09fd4243-684a-472d-ab20-32435f34fc0c_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rUjF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09fd4243-684a-472d-ab20-32435f34fc0c_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rUjF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09fd4243-684a-472d-ab20-32435f34fc0c_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rUjF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09fd4243-684a-472d-ab20-32435f34fc0c_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>B&#7843;ng t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y kh&#244;ng nh&#7857;m &#273;&#432;a ra m&#7897;t s&#7921; &#273;&#7889;i l&#7853;p c&#7913;ng nh&#7855;c, m&#224; &#273;&#7875; gi&#250;p ta h&#236;nh dung hai h&#7879; h&#236;nh thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#236;nh th&#224;nh t&#7915; hai d&#242;ng l&#7883;ch s&#7917;, hai c&#7845;u tr&#250;c x&#227; h&#7897;i, hai lo&#7841;i c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;, v&#224; hai m&#244; h&#236;nh t&#432; duy kh&#225;c nhau. Nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; giao thoa, nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n c&#243; t&#237;nh &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i, v&#224; v&#7851;n &#273;ang &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh c&#225;ch ta ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; s&#225;ng t&#7841;o game.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: khi b&#7841;n thi&#7871;t k&#7871; m&#7897;t game k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh, nh&#432;ng mu&#7889;n t&#7841;o &#273;i&#7875;m nh&#7845;n t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i, li&#7879;u b&#7841;n s&#7869; &#273;i theo h&#432;&#7899;ng Ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&#244;ng (cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i &#8220;di&#7877;n&#8221; &#273;&#250;ng vai) hay Ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y (cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i &#8220;vi&#7871;t l&#7841;i k&#7883;ch b&#7843;n&#8221;)? N&#7871;u b&#7841;n l&#224;m live ops, b&#7841;n h&#7885;c t&#7915; Trung Qu&#7889;c? N&#7871;u b&#7841;n l&#224;m game console solo, b&#7841;n c&#243; h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236; t&#7915; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; t&#7853;p th&#7875; v&#224; c&#7843;m x&#250;c c&#7911;a Nh&#7853;t?</p><p>Vi&#7879;c hi&#7875;u r&#245; t&#7915;ng h&#7879; h&#236;nh, ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; thu&#7897;c v&#7873; v&#259;n h&#243;a, k&#7929; thu&#7853;t, th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; tri&#7871;t l&#253;, gi&#250;p b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n c&#243; &#253; th&#7913;c, thay v&#236; sao ch&#233;p v&#244; th&#7913;c. Nh&#432; v&#7853;y, b&#7843;ng t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; c&#244;ng c&#7909; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, m&#224; c&#242;n l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; t&#432; duy cho nh&#7919;ng ai &#273;ang x&#226;y d&#7921;ng th&#7871; gi&#7899;i game m&#7899;i: b&#7841;n &#273;ang &#273;&#7913;ng &#7903; &#273;&#226;u, v&#224; b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n k&#7871;t h&#7907;p &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qBEE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6735c13c-2e8f-4645-b522-d7be05301059_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qBEE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6735c13c-2e8f-4645-b522-d7be05301059_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qBEE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6735c13c-2e8f-4645-b522-d7be05301059_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qBEE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6735c13c-2e8f-4645-b522-d7be05301059_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qBEE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6735c13c-2e8f-4645-b522-d7be05301059_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qBEE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6735c13c-2e8f-4645-b522-d7be05301059_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6735c13c-2e8f-4645-b522-d7be05301059_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be a graphic of text that says 'Khai m&#7903; Ranh gi&#7899;i &#272;&#244;ng- T&#226;y c&#242;n c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; h&#244;m nay? Lai gh&#233;p v&#259;n h&#243;a c&#243; ph&#7843;i l&#224; con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7845;t y&#7871;u? L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; b&#7843;n s&#7855;c khi thi&#7871;t k&#7871; cho th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng to&#224;n c&#7847;u? Ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i, hay &#273;&#7875; v&#432;&#7907;t qua? .B&#7841;n &#273;ang thi&#7871;t k&#7871; t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u v&#224; b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n &#273;i &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;u?'&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be a graphic of text that says 'Khai m&#7903; Ranh gi&#7899;i &#272;&#244;ng- T&#226;y c&#242;n c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; h&#244;m nay? Lai gh&#233;p v&#259;n h&#243;a c&#243; ph&#7843;i l&#224; con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7845;t y&#7871;u? L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; b&#7843;n s&#7855;c khi thi&#7871;t k&#7871; cho th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng to&#224;n c&#7847;u? Ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i, hay &#273;&#7875; v&#432;&#7907;t qua? .B&#7841;n &#273;ang thi&#7871;t k&#7871; t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u v&#224; b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n &#273;i &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;u?'" title="May be a graphic of text that says 'Khai m&#7903; Ranh gi&#7899;i &#272;&#244;ng- T&#226;y c&#242;n c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a trong thi&#7871;t k&#7871; h&#244;m nay? Lai gh&#233;p v&#259;n h&#243;a c&#243; ph&#7843;i l&#224; con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7845;t y&#7871;u? L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; b&#7843;n s&#7855;c khi thi&#7871;t k&#7871; cho th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng to&#224;n c&#7847;u? Ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i, hay &#273;&#7875; v&#432;&#7907;t qua? .B&#7841;n &#273;ang thi&#7871;t k&#7871; t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u v&#224; b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n &#273;i &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;u?'" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qBEE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6735c13c-2e8f-4645-b522-d7be05301059_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qBEE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6735c13c-2e8f-4645-b522-d7be05301059_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qBEE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6735c13c-2e8f-4645-b522-d7be05301059_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qBEE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6735c13c-2e8f-4645-b522-d7be05301059_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sau m&#7897;t h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh d&#224;i t&#236;m hi&#7875;u v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, ta kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n v&#7899;i s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a c&#225;c h&#7879; h&#236;nh thi&#7871;t k&#7871; game, m&#224; c&#242;n ph&#7843;i t&#7921; &#273;&#7863;t ra c&#226;u h&#7887;i: v&#7899;i t&#432; c&#225;ch l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i, ng&#432;&#7901;i thi&#7871;t k&#7871;, hay nh&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, ch&#250;ng ta l&#224;m g&#236; v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t &#7845;y?</p><p>Ranh gi&#7899;i gi&#7919;a &#272;&#244;ng v&#224; T&#226;y, nh&#432; &#273;&#227; tr&#236;nh b&#224;y, kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7855;t s&#7855;c n&#233;t nh&#432; c&#225;ch &#273;&#226;y 20 n&#259;m. Ch&#250;ng &#273;ang m&#7901; d&#7847;n, chuy&#7875;n h&#243;a, v&#224; h&#242;a tr&#7897;n trong nh&#7919;ng h&#236;nh th&#7913;c m&#7899;i. Nh&#432;ng li&#7879;u &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t tr&#7903; n&#234;n v&#244; ngh&#297;a? Hay ch&#237;nh vi&#7879;c hi&#7875;u s&#226;u s&#7855;c g&#7889;c r&#7877; c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng h&#7879; h&#236;nh l&#7841;i tr&#7903; n&#234;n quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n bao gi&#7901; h&#7871;t, &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh s&#7921; lai gh&#233;p h&#7901;i h&#7907;t v&#224; m&#7845;t g&#7889;c?</p><p>Trong th&#7921;c t&#7871;, c&#224;ng nhi&#7873;u studio qu&#7889;c t&#7871; ra &#273;&#7901;i, c&#224;ng nhi&#7873;u s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ph&#7843;i &#8220;v&#432;&#7907;t bi&#234;n gi&#7899;i&#8221; &#273;&#7875; s&#7889;ng s&#243;t, th&#236; vi&#7879;c nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n c&#225;c quy &#432;&#7899;c th&#7849;m m&#7929;, c&#417; ch&#7871; k&#7923; v&#7885;ng c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i, v&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#259;n h&#243;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7849;n gi&#7845;u trong gameplay c&#224;ng tr&#7903; n&#234;n c&#7845;p thi&#7871;t. M&#7897;t thi&#7871;t k&#7871; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng trong k&#7927; nguy&#234;n to&#224;n c&#7847;u kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#8220;ph&#7859;ng&#8221;, m&#224; l&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7889;i tho&#7841;i &#273;a t&#7847;ng v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u h&#7879; h&#236;nh t&#432; duy, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i gi&#7919; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7843;n s&#7855;c n&#7897;i t&#7841;i r&#245; r&#224;ng.</p><p>V&#224; &#273;&#243; l&#224; l&#250;c m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m game c&#7847;n t&#7921; h&#7887;i:</p><ul><li><p>B&#7841;n thi&#7871;t k&#7871; t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u? (kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; &#273;&#7883;a l&#253;, m&#224; l&#224; t&#432; duy, l&#224; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ch&#417;i, l&#224; c&#7843;m x&#250;c ri&#234;ng)</p></li><li><p>B&#7841;n &#273;ang vay m&#432;&#7907;n g&#236;? (t&#7915; h&#7879; h&#236;nh n&#224;o, t&#7915; tri&#7871;t l&#253; n&#224;o, t&#7915; v&#259;n h&#243;a n&#224;o)</p></li><li><p>B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; khi ch&#7841;m v&#224;o th&#7871; gi&#7899;i b&#7841;n t&#7841;o ra?</p></li></ul><p>Cu&#7897;c ph&#226;n c&#7921;c &#272;&#244;ng-T&#226;y t&#7915;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t khung ph&#226;n t&#237;ch m&#7841;nh m&#7869;. Nh&#432;ng sau ph&#226;n c&#7921;c, c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; l&#250;c &#273;&#7875; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng m&#7897;t kh&#244;ng gian thi&#7871;t k&#7871; h&#7853;u-thu&#7897;c-t&#237;nh (post-identity), n&#417;i game kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh b&#7903;i &#8220;thu&#7897;c v&#7873; &#273;&#226;u&#8221;, m&#224; b&#7903;i &#8220;c&#225;ch n&#243; &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a l&#7841;i ranh gi&#7899;i c&#361;&#8221;.</p><div><hr></div><h3>References</h3><p><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273598782_What's_the_cultural_difference_between_the_West_and_the_East_The_consumption_of_popular_cute_games_in_the_Taiwanese_market">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273598782_What's_the_cultural_difference_between_the_West_and_the_East_The_consumption_of_popular_cute_games_in_the_Taiwanese_market</a></p><p><a href="https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/made-in-japan-western-perspectives-on-japanese-game-development">https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/made-in-japan-western-perspectives-on-japanese-game-development</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cgmagonline.com/articles/features/the-divide-between-eastern-western-game-philosophy/">https://www.cgmagonline.com/articles/features/the-divide-between-eastern-western-game-philosophy/</a></p><p><a href="https://minahito.wordpress.com/2012/09/01/planner-one-of-disciplines-in-japanese-video-game-industory/">https://minahito.wordpress.com/2012/09/01/planner-one-of-disciplines-in-japanese-video-game-industory/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/how-japanese-and-western-game-dev-differ-from-a-dev-who-has-done-both">https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/how-japanese-and-western-game-dev-differ-from-a-dev-who-has-done-both</a></p><p><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/gamedesign/comments/141tr6a/what_is_the_fundamental_goal_and_intention_in/">https://www.reddit.com/r/gamedesign/comments/141tr6a/what_is_the_fundamental_goal_and_intention_in/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.pm.lth.se/fileadmin/pm/Exjobb/Filer_fram_till_foerra_aaret/Exjobb_2013/Askloev_Peter/Peter_Askelof_-_Examensarbe.pdf">https://www.pm.lth.se/fileadmin/pm/Exjobb/Filer_fram_till_foerra_aaret/Exjobb_2013/Askloev_Peter/Peter_Askelof_-_Examensarbe.pdf</a></p><p><a href="https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2024/05/shsconf_iclcc2024_03006.pdf">https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2024/05/shsconf_iclcc2024_03006.pdf</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Chính thức tuyển sinh Lớp học Cảm tình Thanh Âm]]></title><description><![CDATA[Khai gi&#7843;ng Th&#7913; B&#7843;y, 21/2/2026]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/chinh-thuc-tuyen-sinh-lop-hoc-cam</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/chinh-thuc-tuyen-sinh-lop-hoc-cam</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 02 Jan 2026 02:00:57 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ehvu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea9d4a2-aac7-43d4-9f77-d139f6683e3a_3840x2160.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ehvu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea9d4a2-aac7-43d4-9f77-d139f6683e3a_3840x2160.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ehvu!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea9d4a2-aac7-43d4-9f77-d139f6683e3a_3840x2160.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ehvu!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea9d4a2-aac7-43d4-9f77-d139f6683e3a_3840x2160.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ehvu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea9d4a2-aac7-43d4-9f77-d139f6683e3a_3840x2160.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ehvu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea9d4a2-aac7-43d4-9f77-d139f6683e3a_3840x2160.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ehvu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea9d4a2-aac7-43d4-9f77-d139f6683e3a_3840x2160.png" width="728" height="409.5" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0ea9d4a2-aac7-43d4-9f77-d139f6683e3a_3840x2160.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:728,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ehvu!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea9d4a2-aac7-43d4-9f77-d139f6683e3a_3840x2160.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ehvu!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea9d4a2-aac7-43d4-9f77-d139f6683e3a_3840x2160.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ehvu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea9d4a2-aac7-43d4-9f77-d139f6683e3a_3840x2160.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ehvu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea9d4a2-aac7-43d4-9f77-d139f6683e3a_3840x2160.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="pullquote"><p>&#8220;Kh&#244;ng m&#7897;t Game tuy&#7879;t t&#225;c n&#224;o l&#7841;i c&#243; ph&#7847;n &#226;m thanh d&#7903; c&#7843;.&#8221; - Masahiro Sakurai</p></div><h1>L&#7901;i n&#243;i &#273;&#7847;u</h1><p>M&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n l&#224; b&#7841;n v&#224; t&#244;i, v&#224; ai trong ch&#250;ng ta &#7903; &#273;&#226;y c&#361;ng &#273;&#7873;u ph&#7843;i c&#244;ng nh&#7853;n r&#7857;ng: <em>ch&#250;ng ta &#273;ang d&#224;nh qu&#225; &#237;t s&#7921; quan t&#226;m cho Audio trong Game</em>. Hi&#7875;n nhi&#234;n, &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t l&#224; do l&#7895;i c&#7911;a ai c&#7843;. &#272;&#244;i khi s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; d&#7841;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#224; &#7903; &#273;&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng c&#243; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; nghe &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#226;m thanh. &#272;&#244;i khi l&#224; budget c&#243; h&#7841;n, ho&#7863;c thi&#7871;u ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c. V&#236; th&#7871; m&#224; trong &#273;&#7841;i &#273;a s&#7889; c&#225;c d&#7921; &#225;n c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta, vai tr&#242; Audio th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c giao ph&#243; l&#7841;i cho m&#7897;t ai &#273;&#243; &#7903; b&#7897; ph&#7853;n kh&#225;c nh&#432; GD hay Dev.</p><p>V&#224; Audio, c&#361;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; nhi&#7873;u chuy&#234;n m&#244;n hay kh&#237;a c&#7841;nh kh&#225;c &#237;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n, l&#7841;i tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; classic gi&#7919;a con g&#224; v&#224; qu&#7843; tr&#7913;ng, khi c&#243; m&#7897;t d&#7921; &#225;n n&#224;o &#273;&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u l&#224; l&#224;m m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ch&#7881;n chu, m&#224; trong &#273;&#243; Audio &#273;&#243;ng m&#7897;t vai tr&#242; quan tr&#7885;ng. D&#7921; &#225;n th&#236; c&#7847;n nh&#226;n l&#7921;c Audio gi&#7887;i, nh&#432;ng th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng xung quanh th&#236; ch&#432;a t&#7841;o &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; nh&#226;n l&#7921;c Audio ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n.</p><p>T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; c&#225;c l&#7899;p <a href="https://www.ludo.school/p/cam-thu-game">C&#7843;m t&#236;nh &#272;i&#7879;n t&#7917;</a> hay <a href="https://www.ludo.school/p/cam-tinh-truyen-ke">C&#7843;m t&#236;nh truy&#7879;n k&#7875;</a>, t&#244;i v&#224; c&#225;c th&#7847;y c&#244; kh&#244;ng mu&#7889;n &#273;i qu&#225; xa v&#224;o v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o nh&#226;n l&#7921;c. V&#236; ch&#250;ng t&#244;i cho r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o l&#224; vi&#7879;c &#273;i sau. L&#224; vi&#7879;c m&#224; d&#224;nh cho nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; h&#7897;i t&#7909; &#273;&#7911; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n n&#7897;i t&#7841;i trong m&#236;nh.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng l&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u manh nha c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n n&#7897;i t&#7841;i? &#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#253; do v&#236; sao chu&#7895;i c&#225;c l&#7899;p h&#7885;c mang nh&#227;n hi&#7879;u &#8220;C&#7843;m t&#236;nh&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ra &#273;&#7901;i. V&#224; &#273;&#250;ng v&#7899;i &#253; ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a &#8220;C&#7843;m t&#236;nh&#8221;, th&#236; &#7903; &#273;&#243; ch&#250;ng ta h&#7885;c c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; &#8220;l&#7855;ng nghe&#8221;, &#273;&#7875; &#8220;r&#245; t&#7841;i sao&#8221;, &#273;&#7875; &#8220;hi&#7875;u th&#7871; n&#224;o&#8221;, v&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t, l&#224; &#273;&#7875; &#8220;l&#224;m vi&#7879;c c&#249;ng&#8221;.</p><p>V&#224; v&#236; v&#7853;y, nh&#7901; c&#243; s&#7921; &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t t&#7915; th&#7847;y <strong><a href="https://www.facebook.com/DangBSI?__cft__[0]=AZXcfQJmpYrh2nxctsQQrVK075T3IRShbkD5yslxo1LHaPuqBzxBwbih0A8X1WwudVNekZ7czT74TFsej8uBD9zXjbY4ik0sBdw6Jj9_G4-yJnh2LeXUOpbJMsvmsxqcQUyPC_gvQ4oYoWtlX92QU4IPw8B0y0rUnpU8-Ty6UaghWS3MMf_iflsK9K_eh9tCLZA&amp;__tn__=-]K-R">&#272;&#259;ng L&#234;</a></strong>, t&#244;i r&#7845;t h&#7891; h&#7903;i th&#244;ng b&#225;o ch&#237;nh th&#7913;c v&#7899;i m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7873; l&#7899;p h&#7885;c <strong>C&#7842;M T&#204;NH THANH &#194;M</strong> s&#7855;p t&#7899;i c&#7911;a <strong><a href="https://www.facebook.com/school.ludo?__cft__[0]=AZXcfQJmpYrh2nxctsQQrVK075T3IRShbkD5yslxo1LHaPuqBzxBwbih0A8X1WwudVNekZ7czT74TFsej8uBD9zXjbY4ik0sBdw6Jj9_G4-yJnh2LeXUOpbJMsvmsxqcQUyPC_gvQ4oYoWtlX92QU4IPw8B0y0rUnpU8-Ty6UaghWS3MMf_iflsK9K_eh9tCLZA&amp;__tn__=-]K-R">Ludo School</a></strong>, do th&#7847;y &#272;&#259;ng ph&#7909; tr&#225;ch.</p><div><hr></div><h1>Th&#244;ng tin l&#7899;p h&#7885;c</h1><blockquote><p><strong>Th&#7901;i gian: 20h00 t&#7889;i th&#7913; B&#7843;y h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n, di&#7877;n ra trong 8 tu&#7847;n, khai gi&#7843;ng v&#224;o th&#7913; B&#7843;y 21/2/2026</strong></p><p><strong>H&#236;nh th&#7913;c h&#7885;c</strong>: Online qua <a href="https://discord.gg/WGZwCsmtyE">Discord c&#7911;a Ludo School</a>, c&#243; Group chat trao &#273;&#7893;i gi&#7919;a gi&#7843;ng vi&#234;n v&#224; c&#225;c h&#7885;c vi&#234;n</p><h3><strong>H&#7885;c ph&#237;</strong>: <strong>3.500.000VN&#272;</strong></h3><p>H&#7841;n ch&#243;t &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; l&#224; <strong>21/2/2025</strong>.</p><p>C&#225;c &#432;u &#273;&#227;i c&#243; th&#7875; c&#7897;ng g&#7891;m:</p><ul><li><p><strong>&#431;u &#273;&#227;i &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t cho h&#7885;c vi&#234;n Ludo School</strong>: N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng tham gia m&#7897;t kho&#225; h&#7885;c tr&#432;&#7899;c c&#7911;a Ludo School (C&#7843;m t&#236;nh &#272;i&#7879;n t&#7917;, C&#7843;m t&#236;nh Truy&#7879;n k&#7875;), b&#7841;n s&#7869; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#432;u &#273;&#227;i gi&#7843;m gi&#225; <strong>300.000VN&#272;</strong>.</p></li><li><p> <strong>&#431;u &#273;&#227;i Early Bird</strong>: N&#7871;u &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; tr&#432;&#7899;c ng&#224;y 15/1, b&#7841;n s&#7869; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#432;u &#273;&#227;i gi&#7843;m gi&#225; <strong>200.000VN&#272;</strong>.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#431;u &#273;&#227;i &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#243;m</strong>: N&#7871;u &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#243;m t&#7915; 2 ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7903; l&#234;n, m&#7895;i b&#7841;n trong nh&#243;m s&#7869; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#432;u &#273;&#227;i gi&#7843;m gi&#225; <strong>300.000VN&#272;</strong>.</p></li></ul></blockquote><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; tham gia&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; tham gia</span></a></p><h3>L&#7899;p h&#7885;c d&#224;nh cho ai?</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Game Developers &amp; Producers (Non-Audio)</strong>: C&#225;c Game Designers, Artists, Programmers, ho&#7863;c Project Managers mu&#7889;n hi&#7875;u r&#245; quy tr&#236;nh s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t Audio &#273;&#7875; giao ti&#7871;p hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; (&#8221;n&#243;i c&#249;ng ng&#244;n ng&#7919;&#8221;), &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#224; ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p t&#7889;t h&#417;n v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; &#226;m thanh.</p></li><li><p><strong>Aspiring Audio Professionals</strong>: C&#225;c b&#7841;n tr&#7867;, nh&#7841;c s&#297;, ho&#7863;c Sound Designers &#273;ang l&#224;m vi&#7879;c &#7903; l&#297;nh v&#7921;c kh&#225;c (nh&#432; Phim, TVC) mu&#7889;n chuy&#7875;n h&#432;&#7899;ng chuy&#234;n s&#226;u sang m&#7843;ng Game Audio v&#224; n&#7855;m b&#7855;t t&#432; duy &#8220;&#226;m thanh t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c&#8221; (Interactive Audio).</p></li><li><p><strong>Indie Developers &amp; Storytellers</strong>: Nh&#7919;ng nh&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n game &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p (Indie) ho&#7863;c ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#225;ng t&#7841;o n&#7897;i dung mu&#7889;n h&#7885;c c&#225;ch s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#226;m thanh nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n &#273;&#7855;c l&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; th&#7893;i h&#7891;n v&#224; n&#226;ng t&#7847;m tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#7843;m x&#250;c cho s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p></li></ul><h2>N&#7897;i dung ch&#237;nh</h2><h4><strong>Bu&#7893;i 01: T&#7893;ng quan v&#7873; Video Games Audio</strong></h4><ul><li><p><strong>Gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u vai tr&#242; c&#7911;a Audio:</strong> T&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a &#226;m thanh trong Game so v&#7899;i c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng kh&#225;c.</p></li><li><p><strong>L&#7883;ch s&#7917; v&#224; s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n:</strong> &#272;i&#7875;m qua c&#225;c giai &#273;o&#7841;n t&#7915; 8-bit, 16-bit &#273;&#7871;n &#226;m thanh hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i v&#224; middleware.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ti&#234;u ch&#237; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; Audio:</strong> C&#225;ch &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n t&#237;nh th&#244;ng tin, t&#237;nh nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n, t&#237;nh k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n v&#224; t&#237;nh bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng.</p></li><li><p><strong>Gi&#7843;i m&#227; nh&#7919;ng hi&#7875;u l&#7847;m:</strong> Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#225;c quan ni&#7879;m sai l&#7847;m th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p v&#7873; vai tr&#242; v&#224; quy tr&#236;nh s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t Audio.</p></li><li><p><strong>K&#7929; n&#259;ng nghe ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng:</strong> Chuy&#7875;n t&#7915; nghe th&#7909; &#273;&#7897;ng sang ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#226;m thanh t&#7889;t h&#417;n.</p></li></ul><h4><strong>Bu&#7893;i 02: K&#7875; chuy&#7879;n b&#7857;ng Audio (Audio Storytelling)</strong></h4><ul><li><p><strong>Audio trong World-building:</strong> C&#225;ch &#226;m thanh x&#226;y d&#7921;ng th&#7871; gi&#7899;i v&#224; d&#7851;n d&#7855;t c&#7843;m x&#250;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i (v&#237; d&#7909; qua Radio, phim c&#226;m).</p></li><li><p><strong>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch Mood:</strong> K&#7929; thu&#7853;t breakdown m&#7897;t ph&#226;n c&#7843;nh th&#224;nh c&#225;c &#8220;mood&#8221; &#226;m thanh c&#7909; th&#7875;.</p></li><li><p><strong>S&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t Game vs Film:</strong> So s&#225;nh c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n &#226;m thanh gi&#7919;a m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c (Game) v&#224; tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh (Film).</p></li><li><p><strong>K&#7929; thu&#7853;t k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n:</strong> S&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7921; im l&#7863;ng, &#273;i&#7873;m b&#225;o b&#7857;ng &#226;m nh&#7841;c v&#224; h&#7891;i t&#432;&#7903;ng qua &#226;m thanh.</p></li></ul><h4><strong>Bu&#7893;i 03: Voice-Overs (VOs) - L&#7891;ng ti&#7871;ng trong Game</strong></h4><ul><li><p><strong>T&#7893;ng quan v&#7873; VOs:</strong> L&#7883;ch s&#7917; v&#224; c&#225;c h&#236;nh th&#7913;c VOs (Dialogue, Barks, Narration).</p></li><li><p><strong>Quy tr&#236;nh v&#7853;n h&#224;nh:</strong> C&#225;ch Voice Actors l&#224;m vi&#7879;c, t&#7915; thu &#226;m &#273;&#7871;n facial capture.</p></li><li><p><strong>Giao ti&#7871;p hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;:</strong> C&#225;ch l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i Voice Actors, chu&#7849;n b&#7883; t&#224;i li&#7879;u casting, v&#224; breakdown k&#7883;ch b&#7843;n.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ti&#234;u ch&#237; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; VOs:</strong> S&#7921; r&#245; r&#224;ng, &#273;&#7897; nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n, t&#237;nh thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c v&#224; nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u c&#7911;a gi&#7885;ng n&#243;i.</p></li></ul><h4><strong>Bu&#7893;i 04: Hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng &#226;m thanh (Sound Effects - SFXs)</strong></h4><ul><li><p><strong>Gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u v&#7873; SFXs:</strong> L&#7883;ch s&#7917; Sound Design t&#7915; phim ho&#7841;t h&#236;nh &#273;&#7871;n Game hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i.</p></li><li><p><strong>Quy tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a Sound Designers:</strong> C&#225;ch h&#7885; thu &#226;m Foley, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng DAW v&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t trong c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c.</p></li><li><p><strong>Giao ti&#7871;p v&#7899;i Sound Designers:</strong> C&#225;ch &#273;&#432;a feedback x&#226;y d&#7921;ng, t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng chuy&#234;n m&#244;n v&#224; m&#244; t&#7843; mong mu&#7889;n r&#245; r&#224;ng.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ti&#234;u ch&#237; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; SFXs:</strong> T&#237;nh ch&#237;nh x&#225;c c&#7911;a ngu&#7891;n &#226;m (Spatial Audio), t&#237;nh th&#244;ng tin v&#224; s&#7921; h&#242;a h&#7907;p v&#7899;i gameplay.</p></li></ul><h4><strong>Bu&#7893;i 05: &#194;m nh&#7841;c (Soundtracks)</strong></h4><ul><li><p><strong>&#194;m nh&#7841;c trong Game:</strong> T&#7915; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t th&#7901;i NES &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c h&#7879; th&#7889;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c nh&#432; iMUSE.</p></li><li><p><strong>Quy tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a Composers:</strong> C&#225;ch h&#7885; t&#7841;o ra c&#225;c b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c (Interactive Music) v&#224; th&#237;ch &#7913;ng v&#7899;i h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i.</p></li><li><p><strong>Giao ti&#7871;p v&#7899;i Composers:</strong> Hi&#7875;u v&#7873; 8 y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#7911;a m&#7897;t b&#7843;n nh&#7841;c (Giai &#273;i&#7879;u, Nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u, H&#242;a &#226;m...) &#273;&#7875; brief hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ti&#234;u ch&#237; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; OST:</strong> S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#7911;a Leitmotifs (ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i), Modes (thang &#226;m) v&#224; t&#237;nh bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng.</p></li></ul><h4><strong>Bu&#7893;i 06: Ph&#226;n b&#7893; ng&#226;n s&#225;ch &amp; Qu&#7843;n l&#253; Audio</strong></h4><ul><li><p><strong>Ng&#226;n s&#225;ch Audio:</strong> X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh bao nhi&#234;u l&#224; &#8220;&#273;&#7911;&#8221; cho m&#7897;t d&#7921; &#225;n (t&#7927; l&#7879; % ng&#226;n s&#225;ch).</p></li><li><p><strong>L&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i Audio Team:</strong> Hi&#7875;u v&#7873; c&#225;c v&#7883; tr&#237; (Sound Designer, Audio Programmer, Audio Director) v&#224; nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; c&#7911;a h&#7885;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Outsourcing vs In-House:</strong> Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#432;u/nh&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c thu&#234; ngo&#224;i so v&#7899;i x&#226;y d&#7921;ng team n&#7897;i b&#7897;.</p></li><li><p><strong>L&#7907;i &#237;ch &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng d&#224;i:</strong> Nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; m&#224; m&#7897;t team Audio In-House mang l&#7841;i cho v&#259;n h&#243;a v&#224; quy tr&#236;nh s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t.</p></li></ul><h4><strong>Bu&#7893;i 07: M&#7903; r&#7897;ng ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c v&#7873; Audio &amp; Cinematics</strong></h4><ul><li><p><strong>Audio Engineering c&#417; b&#7843;n:</strong> Ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c v&#7873; Audio System, Middleware, v&#224; c&#225;c kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m k&#7929; thu&#7853;t nh&#432; ADSR, FM Synthesis.</p></li><li><p><strong>Nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c c&#7889;t l&#245;i Sound Design:</strong> C&#226;n b&#7857;ng th&#244;ng tin, Sound Concurrency v&#224; t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#272;i s&#226;u v&#7873; &#194;m nh&#7841;c:</strong> Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch k&#7929; h&#417;n v&#7873; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c &#226;m nh&#7841;c trong game (&#8221;B&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; &#226;m nh&#7841;c&#8221;).</p></li><li><p><strong>S&#7843;n xu&#7845;t Audio cho Cinematics:</strong> Quy tr&#236;nh c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c t&#7915; Animatic, ch&#7889;t timing &#273;&#7871;n Final Mix cho c&#225;c &#273;o&#7841;n c&#7855;t c&#7843;nh.</p></li></ul><h4><strong>Bu&#7893;i 08: Th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n t&#7921; do &amp; T&#7893;ng k&#7871;t</strong></h4><ul><li><p>T&#7893;ng k&#7871;t l&#7841;i c&#225;c ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c &#273;&#227; h&#7885;c trong 7 bu&#7893;i.</p></li><li><p>Q&amp;A: Gi&#7843;i &#273;&#225;p c&#225;c th&#7855;c m&#7855;c c&#7909; th&#7875; c&#7911;a h&#7885;c vi&#234;n v&#7873; d&#7921; &#225;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;.</p></li><li><p>Th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n m&#7903; v&#7873; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng Audio v&#224; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p.</p></li></ul><h3>V&#7873; gi&#7843;ng vi&#234;n</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!trED!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5c618-05e7-4699-8ece-d358732e5ba4_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!trED!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5c618-05e7-4699-8ece-d358732e5ba4_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!trED!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5c618-05e7-4699-8ece-d358732e5ba4_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!trED!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5c618-05e7-4699-8ece-d358732e5ba4_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!trED!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5c618-05e7-4699-8ece-d358732e5ba4_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!trED!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5c618-05e7-4699-8ece-d358732e5ba4_2048x2048.jpeg" width="174" height="174" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f0a5c618-05e7-4699-8ece-d358732e5ba4_2048x2048.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1456,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:174,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;No photo description available.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;No photo description available.&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="No photo description available." title="No photo description available." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!trED!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5c618-05e7-4699-8ece-d358732e5ba4_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!trED!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5c618-05e7-4699-8ece-d358732e5ba4_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!trED!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5c618-05e7-4699-8ece-d358732e5ba4_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!trED!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0a5c618-05e7-4699-8ece-d358732e5ba4_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">&#272;&#259;ng L&#234;, Audio Director</figcaption></figure></div><p><strong>&#272;&#259;ng L&#234;, Audio Director</strong></p><ul><li><p>13+ n&#259;m kinh nghi&#7879;m Sound Designing &amp; Music Production cho Films, TVCs v&#224; Video Games.</p></li><li><p>Composer &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a Vi&#7879;t Nam c&#243; Album OST c&#7911;a Video Game ph&#225;t h&#224;nh &#273;a n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng (Sipher Odyssey).</p></li><li><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7913;ng sau m&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#7843;n ph&#7889;i kh&#237;/s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t &#226;m nh&#7841;c cho &#272;en V&#226;u, Wowy, Phan L&#234; &#193;i Ph&#432;&#417;ng.</p></li><li><p>Ch&#7911; nh&#226;n gi&#7843;i th&#432;&#7903;ng Best Soundtrack t&#7841;i International Short Film (trao b&#7903;i CINEMAZ)</p></li></ul><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; tham gia&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://tally.so/r/PdDM6e"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; tham gia</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[[Recap] Game giúp ta Hiểu gì về Thế giới?]]></title><description><![CDATA[M&#7897;t bu&#7893;i s&#225;ng c&#249;ng v&#7899;i Game v&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i y&#234;u s&#225;ch v&#7903; t&#7841;i th&#432; vi&#7879;n Great Books]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/recap-game-giup-ta-hieu-gi-ve-the</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/recap-game-giup-ta-hieu-gi-ve-the</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 05:11:41 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S28k!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f9a05be-1fb8-436f-8d95-43a45fe6f3ea_1440x1440.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S28k!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f9a05be-1fb8-436f-8d95-43a45fe6f3ea_1440x1440.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S28k!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f9a05be-1fb8-436f-8d95-43a45fe6f3ea_1440x1440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S28k!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f9a05be-1fb8-436f-8d95-43a45fe6f3ea_1440x1440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S28k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f9a05be-1fb8-436f-8d95-43a45fe6f3ea_1440x1440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S28k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f9a05be-1fb8-436f-8d95-43a45fe6f3ea_1440x1440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S28k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f9a05be-1fb8-436f-8d95-43a45fe6f3ea_1440x1440.jpeg" width="1440" height="1440" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7f9a05be-1fb8-436f-8d95-43a45fe6f3ea_1440x1440.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1440,&quot;width&quot;:1440,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of one or more people, people studying and text&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of one or more people, people studying and text" title="May be an image of one or more people, people studying and text" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S28k!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f9a05be-1fb8-436f-8d95-43a45fe6f3ea_1440x1440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S28k!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f9a05be-1fb8-436f-8d95-43a45fe6f3ea_1440x1440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S28k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f9a05be-1fb8-436f-8d95-43a45fe6f3ea_1440x1440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S28k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f9a05be-1fb8-436f-8d95-43a45fe6f3ea_1440x1440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>H&#244;m Ch&#7911; nh&#7853;t v&#7915;a r&#7891;i (28/12), t&#244;i &#273;&#227; c&#243; m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i s&#225;ng v&#244; c&#249;ng &#273;&#225;ng nh&#7899; t&#7841;i th&#432; vi&#7879;n Great Books.</p><p>Ban &#273;&#7847;u, &#253; &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a t&#244;i &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n ch&#7881; l&#224; t&#236;m m&#7897;t &#8220;ng&#244;i nh&#224;&#8221; x&#7913;ng &#273;&#225;ng cho cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch <em>Ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t thi&#7871;t k&#7871; Game</em> (The Art of Game Design) cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng m&#224; t&#244;i c&#242;n gi&#7919;. &#272;&#243; l&#224; cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n t&#244;i d&#7883;ch, v&#224; t&#244;i lu&#244;n t&#226;m ni&#7879;m r&#7857;ng n&#243; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7863;t &#7903; n&#417;i m&#224; tri th&#7913;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#226;n tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#250;ng ngh&#297;a&#8212;kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng &#8220;tips &amp; tricks&#8221; th&#7921;c chi&#7871;n, m&#224; nh&#432; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a v&#259;n h&#243;a nh&#226;n lo&#7841;i. Th&#7853;t x&#250;c &#273;&#7897;ng khi th&#7845;y m&#7897;t cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch v&#7873; Game Design &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#7871;p chung tr&#234;n k&#7879; c&#249;ng nh&#7919;ng Plato, nh&#7919;ng Qu&#7843;n Tr&#7885;ng.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng bu&#7893;i chi&#7873;u h&#244;m &#7845;y &#273;&#227; &#273;i xa h&#417;n m&#7897;t nghi th&#7913;c t&#7863;ng s&#225;ch. &#272;&#243; l&#224; cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7889;i tho&#7841;i v&#7873; <strong>Game, v&#7873; Ch&#417;i v&#224; v&#7873; c&#225;ch ch&#250;ng ta ki&#7871;n t&#7841;o &#253; ngh&#297;a cho th&#7871; gi&#7899;i n&#224;y.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WDej!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73b6aadc-ce2c-4374-a814-70d848b8db3d_1440x1440.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WDej!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73b6aadc-ce2c-4374-a814-70d848b8db3d_1440x1440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WDej!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73b6aadc-ce2c-4374-a814-70d848b8db3d_1440x1440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WDej!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73b6aadc-ce2c-4374-a814-70d848b8db3d_1440x1440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WDej!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73b6aadc-ce2c-4374-a814-70d848b8db3d_1440x1440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WDej!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73b6aadc-ce2c-4374-a814-70d848b8db3d_1440x1440.jpeg" width="1440" height="1440" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/73b6aadc-ce2c-4374-a814-70d848b8db3d_1440x1440.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1440,&quot;width&quot;:1440,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of one or more people, people studying, book and text&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of one or more people, people studying, book and text" title="May be an image of one or more people, people studying, book and text" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WDej!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73b6aadc-ce2c-4374-a814-70d848b8db3d_1440x1440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WDej!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73b6aadc-ce2c-4374-a814-70d848b8db3d_1440x1440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WDej!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73b6aadc-ce2c-4374-a814-70d848b8db3d_1440x1440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WDej!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73b6aadc-ce2c-4374-a814-70d848b8db3d_1440x1440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#224;i &#273;i&#7875;m ch&#7841;m t&#7915; b&#224;i chia s&#7867;:</p><h3>1. Game kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; gi&#7843;i tr&#237;, n&#243; l&#224; c&#7897;i ngu&#7891;n v&#259;n h&#243;a</h3><p>Ch&#250;ng ta th&#432;&#7901;ng ngh&#297; v&#259;n h&#243;a sinh ra tr&#242; ch&#417;i, nh&#432;ng Johan Huizinga trong <em>Homo Ludens</em> &#273;&#227; l&#7853;p lu&#7853;n ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i: <strong>V&#259;n h&#243;a ph&#225;t sinh d&#432;&#7899;i h&#236;nh th&#7913;c c&#7911;a tr&#242; ch&#417;i</strong>. T&#7915; nh&#7919;ng phi&#234;n t&#242;a (n&#417;i c&#243; lu&#7853;t l&#7879;, kh&#244;ng gian ri&#234;ng v&#224; s&#7921; th&#7855;ng thua), chi&#7871;n tranh (th&#7901;i c&#7893; &#273;&#7841;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c quy t&#7855;c hi&#7879;p s&#297;), cho &#273;&#7871;n t&#244;n gi&#225;o v&#224; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t&#8212;t&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u b&#7855;t ngu&#7891;n t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng nghi th&#7913;c mang t&#237;nh &#8220;Ch&#417;i&#8221;.</p><h3>2. V&#242;ng tr&#242;n ma thu&#7853;t v&#224; s&#7921; ki&#7871;n t&#7841;o &#253; ngh&#297;a</h3><p>Khi b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o game, ta b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o m&#7897;t &#8220;Magic Circle&#8221; (V&#242;ng tr&#242;n ma thu&#7853;t). &#7902; &#273;&#243;, th&#7871; gi&#7899;i th&#7921;c t&#7841;m th&#7901;i b&#7883; &#273;&#243;ng b&#259;ng &#273;&#7875; nh&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7895; cho m&#7897;t tr&#7853;t t&#7921; m&#7899;i.</p><p>T&#7841;i sao ta l&#7841;i th&#7845;y h&#7891;i h&#7897;p khi &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n m&#7897;t c&#225;i c&#7847;n c&#7849;u y&#7871;u &#7899;t trong m&#225;y g&#7855;p th&#250;? Th&#7921;c t&#7871;, nh&#7863;t m&#7897;t m&#243;n &#273;&#7891; l&#234;n l&#224; h&#224;nh vi nh&#224;m ch&#225;n. Nh&#432;ng khi c&#225;i c&#7847;n c&#7849;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; &#8220;y&#7871;u &#273;i&#8221;, n&#243; t&#7841;o ra s&#7921; b&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh. Ch&#250;ng ta nh&#7853;n ra r&#7857;ng: <strong>&#8220;Th&#7913; ng&#432;&#7901;i ta mua kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; th&#250; b&#244;ng, m&#224; l&#224; c&#225;i drama c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c nh&#7863;t con th&#250; b&#244;ng l&#234;n&#8221;</strong>.</p><p>Ch&#237;nh <strong>Gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n</strong> (Constraints) t&#7841;o ra <strong>K&#7883;ch t&#237;nh</strong> (Drama). V&#224; ch&#237;nh vi&#7879;c v&#432;&#7907;t qua k&#7883;ch t&#237;nh &#273;&#243; t&#7841;o n&#234;n <strong>&#221; ngh&#297;a</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TyAg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e1a2ac7-b1d0-4fa7-a69e-d8538f55d716_1440x1440.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TyAg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e1a2ac7-b1d0-4fa7-a69e-d8538f55d716_1440x1440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TyAg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e1a2ac7-b1d0-4fa7-a69e-d8538f55d716_1440x1440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TyAg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e1a2ac7-b1d0-4fa7-a69e-d8538f55d716_1440x1440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TyAg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e1a2ac7-b1d0-4fa7-a69e-d8538f55d716_1440x1440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TyAg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e1a2ac7-b1d0-4fa7-a69e-d8538f55d716_1440x1440.jpeg" width="1440" height="1440" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4e1a2ac7-b1d0-4fa7-a69e-d8538f55d716_1440x1440.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1440,&quot;width&quot;:1440,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of one or more people, people studying and text&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of one or more people, people studying and text" title="May be an image of one or more people, people studying and text" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TyAg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e1a2ac7-b1d0-4fa7-a69e-d8538f55d716_1440x1440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TyAg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e1a2ac7-b1d0-4fa7-a69e-d8538f55d716_1440x1440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TyAg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e1a2ac7-b1d0-4fa7-a69e-d8538f55d716_1440x1440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TyAg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e1a2ac7-b1d0-4fa7-a69e-d8538f55d716_1440x1440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>3. Ng&#243;n tay ch&#7881; tr&#259;ng</h3><p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u t&#226;m &#273;&#7855;c nh&#7845;t t&#244;i mu&#7889;n g&#7917;i g&#7855;m, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t khi n&#243;i v&#7873; Game v&#224; Gi&#225;o d&#7909;c, n&#7857;m &#7903; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n Thi&#7873;n t&#244;ng v&#7873; ng&#243;n tay ch&#7881; tr&#259;ng.</p><p>Game, c&#361;ng nh&#432; gi&#225;o ph&#225;p hay ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t, ch&#7881; l&#224; ng&#243;n tay ch&#7881; l&#234;n m&#7863;t tr&#259;ng, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7863;t tr&#259;ng. Game kh&#244;ng d&#7841;y ta &#8220;th&#7921;c t&#7841;i l&#224; g&#236;&#8221; (what it is), m&#224; cho ta tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#8220;th&#7921;c t&#7841;i &#273;&#243; gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; c&#225;i g&#236;&#8221; (what it is like). Ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7885;c, ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i ph&#7843;i n&#432;&#417;ng v&#224;o ng&#243;n tay (c&#417; ch&#7871; game) &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; m&#236;nh th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7863;t tr&#259;ng (b&#224;i h&#7885;c/&#253; ngh&#297;a).</p><p>Hi&#7875;u game, &#7903; t&#7847;ng s&#226;u nh&#7845;t, ch&#237;nh l&#224; hi&#7875;u v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng &#8220;h&#432; c&#7845;u&#8221; m&#224; lo&#224;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#249;ng tin v&#224;o, l&#224; nh&#236;n th&#7845;y l&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7891; gi&#7843;i ph&#7851;u c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng v&#7853;n h&#224;nh quanh ta.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LPqs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5024437e-34aa-4fc7-9c34-f10120301254_1440x1440.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LPqs!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5024437e-34aa-4fc7-9c34-f10120301254_1440x1440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LPqs!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5024437e-34aa-4fc7-9c34-f10120301254_1440x1440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LPqs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5024437e-34aa-4fc7-9c34-f10120301254_1440x1440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LPqs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5024437e-34aa-4fc7-9c34-f10120301254_1440x1440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LPqs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5024437e-34aa-4fc7-9c34-f10120301254_1440x1440.jpeg" width="1440" height="1440" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5024437e-34aa-4fc7-9c34-f10120301254_1440x1440.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1440,&quot;width&quot;:1440,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;May be an image of one or more people, eyeglasses and text&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="May be an image of one or more people, eyeglasses and text" title="May be an image of one or more people, eyeglasses and text" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LPqs!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5024437e-34aa-4fc7-9c34-f10120301254_1440x1440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LPqs!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5024437e-34aa-4fc7-9c34-f10120301254_1440x1440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LPqs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5024437e-34aa-4fc7-9c34-f10120301254_1440x1440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LPqs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5024437e-34aa-4fc7-9c34-f10120301254_1440x1440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>C&#7843;m &#417;n Great Books v&#224; c&#225;c anh ch&#7883; em Libero &#273;&#227; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t kh&#244;ng gian&#8212;c&#361;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t &#8220;Magic Circle&#8221;&#8212;&#273;&#7875; t&#244;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia s&#7867; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y. Hy v&#7885;ng cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch v&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n ng&#224;y h&#244;m &#7845;y s&#7869; l&#224; m&#7897;t &#8220;ng&#243;n tay&#8221; h&#7919;u &#237;ch cho nh&#7919;ng ai &#273;ang t&#236;m ki&#7871;m &#8220;m&#7863;t tr&#259;ng&#8221; c&#7911;a ri&#234;ng m&#236;nh.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Đối thoại Paidia-Ludus: Game có nhất thiết phải Fun?]]></title><description><![CDATA[M&#7897;t cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7889;i tho&#7841;i Socratic gi&#7919;a nh&#224; tri&#7871;t gia vi h&#224;nh Ludus v&#224; nh&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n tr&#242; ch&#417;i Paidia.]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/oi-thoai-paidia-ludus-game-co-nhat</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/oi-thoai-paidia-ludus-game-co-nhat</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 19 Dec 2025 05:15:21 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FYhP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9ed8e8f-d311-4815-a6e4-591b005bdef6_3820x2964.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FYhP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9ed8e8f-d311-4815-a6e4-591b005bdef6_3820x2964.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FYhP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9ed8e8f-d311-4815-a6e4-591b005bdef6_3820x2964.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FYhP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9ed8e8f-d311-4815-a6e4-591b005bdef6_3820x2964.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FYhP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9ed8e8f-d311-4815-a6e4-591b005bdef6_3820x2964.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FYhP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9ed8e8f-d311-4815-a6e4-591b005bdef6_3820x2964.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FYhP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9ed8e8f-d311-4815-a6e4-591b005bdef6_3820x2964.jpeg" width="1456" height="1130" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d9ed8e8f-d311-4815-a6e4-591b005bdef6_3820x2964.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1130,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;The School of Athens - Wikipedia&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="The School of Athens - Wikipedia" title="The School of Athens - Wikipedia" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FYhP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9ed8e8f-d311-4815-a6e4-591b005bdef6_3820x2964.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FYhP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9ed8e8f-d311-4815-a6e4-591b005bdef6_3820x2964.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FYhP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9ed8e8f-d311-4815-a6e4-591b005bdef6_3820x2964.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FYhP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9ed8e8f-d311-4815-a6e4-591b005bdef6_3820x2964.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Cu&#7897;c h&#7897;i tho&#7841;i di&#7877;n ra t&#7841;i th&#224;nh Athens, gi&#7919;a Ludus - m&#7897;t tri&#7871;t gia vi h&#224;nh - v&#224; Paidia - m&#7897;t nh&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n tr&#242; ch&#417;i c&#243; ti&#7871;ng t&#7841;i n&#417;i n&#224;y, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#243;t r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u v&#7889;n b&#7903;i tri&#7873;u &#273;&#236;nh. Tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;, Ludus &#273;&#227; t&#7909; t&#7853;p thanh thi&#7871;u ni&#234;n &#7903; b&#7901; s&#244;ng &#273;&#7875; tuy&#234;n b&#7889; r&#7857;ng &#8220;Game kh&#244;ng nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i Fun!&#8221;</em></p><div><hr></div><p><strong>Paidia</strong>: &#8220;T&#244;i &#273;&#227; d&#224;nh c&#7843; &#273;&#234;m &#273;&#7875; suy ngh&#297; v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; &#244;ng n&#243;i, th&#432;a qu&#253; ti&#234;n sinh Ludus. Nh&#432;ng t&#244;i v&#7851;n ph&#7843;i kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u c&#7889;t l&#245;i: Game d&#7913;t kho&#225;t l&#224; ph&#7843;i Vui (Fun). N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng vui, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta ch&#417;i &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236;? Ch&#7859;ng th&#224; &#273;i ng&#7911; c&#242;n h&#417;n.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Ludus</strong>: &#8220;&#272;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t lu&#7853;n &#273;i&#7875;m nghe c&#243; v&#7867; hi&#7875;n nhi&#234;n, nh&#432;ng &#8216;Vui&#8217; l&#224; m&#7897;t kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m r&#7845;t m&#417; h&#7891;. Theo &#244;ng, &#8216;Vui&#8217; c&#243; ph&#7843;i l&#224; nh&#7919;ng tr&#224;ng c&#432;&#7901;i s&#7843;ng kho&#225;i hay s&#7921; th&#432; gi&#227;n nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng kh&#244;ng?&#8221;</p><p><strong>Paidia</strong>: &#8220;&#272;&#243; ch&#7881; l&#224; b&#7873; n&#7893;i th&#244;i. &#212;ng b&#7843;o &#8216;Game kh&#244;ng nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i fun&#8217; nghe nh&#432; th&#7875; &#244;ng &#273;ang t&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i linh h&#7891;n c&#7911;a n&#243; v&#7853;y. V&#7899;i t&#244;i, &#8216;Fun&#8217; l&#224; b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t nguy&#234;n th&#7911;y nh&#7845;t, l&#224; xung n&#259;ng khi&#7871;n m&#7897;t &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; nh&#7863;t m&#7897;t c&#224;nh c&#226;y l&#234;n v&#224; bi&#7871;n n&#243; th&#224;nh thanh ki&#7871;m. N&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7889;ng.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Ludus</strong>: &#8220;V&#7853;y c&#242;n nh&#7919;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ta run r&#7849;y hay to&#225;t m&#7891; h&#244;i h&#7897;t th&#236; sao? Ch&#250;ng c&#243; n&#7857;m trong c&#225;i &#8216;vui&#8217; &#273;&#243; c&#7911;a &#244;ng kh&#244;ng?&#8221;</p><p><strong>Paidia</strong>: &#8220;Ch&#237;nh x&#225;c l&#224; nh&#432; th&#7871;! Khi t&#244;i ch&#417;i m&#7897;t game kinh d&#7883; nh&#432; Silent Hill hay Resident Evil, c&#7843;m gi&#225;c l&#7841;nh s&#7889;ng l&#432;ng, s&#7921; t&#234; li&#7879;t v&#236; s&#7907; h&#227;i th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t l&#224; m&#7897;t d&#7841;ng &#8216;Fun&#8217; k&#237;ch th&#237;ch. N&#243; &#273;&#225;nh th&#7913;c b&#7843;n n&#259;ng sinh t&#7891;n. Hay s&#7921; c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c run tay trong m&#7897;t tr&#7853;n &#273;&#7845;u h&#7841;ng StarCraft hay League of Legends &#8211; &#273;&#243; l&#224; s&#7921; th&#259;ng hoa c&#7911;a adrenaline. &#272;&#227; l&#224; game th&#236; b&#7855;t bu&#7897;c ph&#7843;i c&#243; y&#7871;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; gi&#7843;i tr&#237;, v&#236; d&#249; l&#224; s&#7907; h&#227;i hay &#225;p l&#7921;c, ch&#250;ng ta v&#7851;n &#273;ang &#8216;t&#7853;n h&#432;&#7903;ng&#8217; s&#7921; k&#237;ch th&#237;ch &#273;&#243; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7921; nguy&#7879;n.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Ludus</strong>: &#8220;T&#244;i tr&#226;n tr&#7885;ng s&#7921; nhi&#7879;t huy&#7871;t c&#7911;a &#244;ng, Paidia. &#212;ng &#273;ang &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n cho ti&#7871;ng n&#243;i c&#7911;a h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u game th&#7911; ngo&#224;i kia. Nh&#432;ng h&#227;y c&#7849;n th&#7853;n v&#7899;i c&#225;i t&#250;i &#8216;Fun&#8217; kh&#7893;ng l&#7891; m&#224; &#244;ng &#273;ang &#273;eo tr&#234;n vai. Khi m&#7897;t thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; ch&#7881; m&#7885;i th&#7913; &#8211; t&#7915; ti&#7871;ng c&#432;&#7901;i s&#7843;ng kho&#225;i &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; s&#7907; h&#227;i t&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;, t&#7915; s&#7921; th&#432; gi&#227;n &#273;&#7871;n &#225;p l&#7921;c ng&#224;n c&#226;n &#8211; th&#236; n&#243; tr&#7903; n&#234;n v&#244; ngh&#297;a v&#7873; m&#7863;t &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a. &#212;ng &#273;ang nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n gi&#7919;a &#8216;S&#7921; l&#244;i cu&#7889;n&#8217; (Engagement) v&#224; &#8216;Ni&#7873;m vui&#8217; (Fun).&#8221;</p><p><strong>Ludus (ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c)</strong>: &#8220;&#272;&#7875; t&#244;i l&#224;m r&#245; nh&#233;: &#212;ng &#273;&#227; bao gi&#7901; ph&#7843;i th&#7913;c tr&#7855;ng &#273;&#234;m &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; m&#7897;t t&#7879;p b&#225;o c&#225;o thu&#7871; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p, hay thi&#7871;t k&#7871; m&#7897;t gi&#7843;i thu&#7853;t code h&#243;c b&#250;a &#273;&#7875; k&#7883;p deadline n&#7897;p cho s&#7871;p v&#224;o s&#225;ng s&#7899;m ch&#432;a?&#8221;</p><p><strong>Paidia</strong>: &#8220;R&#7891;i ch&#7913;, &#273;&#243; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng k&#7927; ni&#7879;m kinh ho&#224;ng. &#272;&#7847;u &#243;c t&#244;i l&#250;c &#273;&#243; nh&#432; mu&#7889;n n&#7893; tung, c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c kh&#244;ng d&#225;m r&#7901;i m&#7855;t kh&#7887;i m&#224;n h&#236;nh l&#7845;y m&#7897;t gi&#226;y.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Ludus</strong>: &#8220;V&#7853;y t&#244;i h&#7887;i &#244;ng, trong kho&#7843;nh kh&#7855;c &#273;&#243;, &#244;ng c&#243; d&#7891;n 100% t&#226;m tr&#237; v&#224;o n&#243; kh&#244;ng? &#212;ng c&#243; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y tim m&#236;nh &#273;&#7853;p nhanh khi nh&#7853;n ra m&#7897;t con s&#7889; sai l&#7879;ch c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m h&#7887;ng c&#7843; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng kh&#244;ng? &#212;ng c&#243; th&#7845;y m&#236;nh b&#7883; &#8216;cu&#7889;n&#8217; v&#224;o c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c qu&#234;n c&#7843; th&#7901;i gian kh&#244;ng?&#8221;</p><p><strong>Paidia</strong>: &#8220;C&#243;, t&#244;i bu&#7897;c ph&#7843;i t&#7853;p trung tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i. M&#7897;t sai l&#7847;m nh&#7887; th&#244;i l&#224; coi nh&#432; &#273;i tong c&#7843; th&#225;ng l&#432;&#417;ng. S&#7921; l&#244;i cu&#7889;n &#273;&#243; l&#224; c&#243; th&#7853;t, nh&#432;ng n&#243; &#273;&#7847;y &#273;au kh&#7893;.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Ludus</strong>: &#8220;V&#7853;y theo logic &#8216;Fun m&#7903; r&#7897;ng&#8217; c&#7911;a &#244;ng, vi&#7879;c l&#224;m b&#225;o c&#225;o thu&#7871; c&#361;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t tr&#242; ch&#417;i &#273;&#7881;nh cao? N&#243; c&#243; &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; m&#224; &#244;ng v&#7915;a ca t&#7909;ng: C&#259;ng th&#7859;ng, Th&#7917; th&#225;ch, L&#244;i cu&#7889;n v&#224; H&#7891;i h&#7897;p. T&#7841;i sao &#244;ng kh&#244;ng g&#7885;i s&#7871;p c&#7911;a m&#236;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t GD (Game Designer) &#273;&#7841;i t&#224;i v&#236; &#273;&#227; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t th&#7917; th&#225;ch &#8216;Fun&#8217; nh&#432; th&#7871;?&#8221;</p><p><strong>Paidia</strong>: &#8220;&#212;ng l&#7841;i c&#7921;c &#273;oan r&#7891;i! C&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t kh&#7893;ng l&#7891; &#7903; &#273;&#226;y: B&#225;o c&#225;o thu&#7871; l&#224; C&#244;ng vi&#7879;c. T&#244;i l&#224;m v&#236; b&#7883; &#233;p bu&#7897;c b&#7903;i ngo&#7841;i l&#7921;c nh&#432; ti&#7873;n l&#432;&#417;ng, &#225;p l&#7921;c sa th&#7843;i. Khi l&#224;m xong, t&#244;i ch&#7881; th&#7845;y nh&#7865; nh&#245;m v&#236; tho&#225;t n&#7907; ch&#7913; ch&#7859;ng th&#7845;y &#8216;fun&#8217; ch&#250;t n&#224;o. Trong game, t&#244;i t&#7921; t&#236;m &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;i kh&#7893; &#273;&#243;. T&#244;i c&#243; quy&#7873;n d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i b&#7845;t c&#7913; l&#250;c n&#224;o, nh&#432;ng t&#244;i ch&#7885;n kh&#244;ng d&#7915;ng.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Ludus</strong>: &#8220;Ch&#237;nh x&#225;c! &#212;ng v&#7915;a t&#7921; t&#236;m ra ch&#236;a kh&#243;a &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n: S&#7921; t&#7921; nguy&#7879;n (Voluntariness). Ranh gi&#7899;i gi&#7919;a &#273;&#7883;a ng&#7909;c v&#224; thi&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#244;i khi ch&#7881; n&#7857;m &#7903; vi&#7879;c &#244;ng c&#243; mu&#7889;n b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o &#273;&#243; hay kh&#244;ng. Tri&#7871;t gia Johan Huizinga g&#7885;i kh&#244;ng gian n&#224;y l&#224; &#8216;V&#242;ng tr&#242;n ma thu&#7853;t&#8217; (The Magic Circle). M&#7897;t khi &#244;ng b&#432;&#7899;c qua ranh gi&#7899;i &#273;&#243;, c&#225;c quy lu&#7853;t c&#7911;a th&#7871; gi&#7899;i th&#7921;c b&#7883; &#273;&#236;nh ch&#7881;. &#212;ng ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n nh&#7919;ng quy lu&#7853;t m&#7899;i &#8211; d&#249; ch&#250;ng c&#243; kh&#7855;c nghi&#7879;t, phi l&#253; &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;u &#8211; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7921; do. V&#7853;y, th&#7913; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#243; l&#224; Game kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c &#8216;Vui&#8217;, m&#224; l&#224; c&#225;i Th&#225;i &#273;&#7897; ch&#417;i (Lusory Attitude) khi &#244;ng &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i &#225;p l&#7921;c.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Paidia</strong>: &#8220;T&#244;i ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n lu&#7853;n &#273;i&#7875;m v&#7873; s&#7921; t&#7921; nguy&#7879;n v&#224; v&#242;ng tr&#242;n ma thu&#7853;t. Nh&#432;ng &#244;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ph&#7911; nh&#7853;n r&#7857;ng k&#7875; c&#7843; khi t&#7921; nguy&#7879;n d&#7845;n th&#226;n, c&#225;i &#8216;tr&#225;i ng&#7885;t&#8217; m&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i t&#236;m ki&#7871;m v&#7851;n l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7921; th&#7887;a m&#227;n s&#226;u s&#7855;c n&#224;o &#273;&#243;. H&#227;y nh&#236;n v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng game bi k&#7883;ch n&#7863;ng n&#7873;. Khi t&#244;i ch&#417;i The Last of Us v&#224; ch&#7913;ng ki&#7871;n s&#7921; m&#7845;t m&#225;t &#273;au &#273;&#7899;n c&#7911;a Joel v&#224; Ellie, t&#244;i kh&#243;c n&#7913;c n&#7903;. N&#7895;i bu&#7891;n &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng &#8216;vui&#8217; theo ngh&#297;a th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, nh&#432;ng n&#243; &#273;&#7865;p, n&#243; mang l&#7841;i s&#7921; thanh l&#7885;c c&#7843;m x&#250;c (Catharsis). Ch&#7859;ng l&#7869; s&#7921; th&#259;ng hoa t&#226;m h&#7891;n &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng x&#7913;ng &#273;&#225;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; m&#7897;t d&#7841;ng &#8216;Fun&#8217; cao c&#7845;p sao?&#8221;</p><p><strong>Ludus</strong>: &#8220;&#212;ng &#273;ang c&#7889; g&#7855;ng &#8216;l&#227;ng m&#7841;n h&#243;a&#8217; t&#7915; Fun &#273;&#7875; c&#7913;u v&#227;n n&#243; kh&#7887;i s&#7921; s&#7909;p &#273;&#7893; logic. Nh&#432;ng ng&#244;n ng&#7919; c&#7847;n s&#7921; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c n&#7871;u ch&#250;ng ta mu&#7889;n hi&#7875;u s&#226;u v&#7873; b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t c&#7911;a ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t. H&#227;y nh&#236;n r&#7897;ng ra c&#225;c lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh kh&#225;c. &#212;ng &#273;&#227; xem phim B&#7843;n Danh S&#225;ch C&#7911;a Schindler (Schindler&#8217;s List) ch&#432;a?&#8221;</p><p><strong>Paidia</strong>: &#8220;&#272;&#227; xem, v&#224; t&#244;i &#273;&#227; im l&#7863;ng su&#7889;t hai ti&#7871;ng sau khi phim k&#7871;t th&#250;c. &#272;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m t&#226;m linh m&#7841;nh m&#7869; v&#224; &#273;&#7847;y &#225;m &#7843;nh.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Ludus</strong>: &#8220;B&#7897; phim ph&#417;i b&#224;y s&#7921; t&#224;n b&#7841;o c&#7911;a n&#7841;n di&#7879;t ch&#7911;ng Holocaust, s&#7921; tuy&#7879;t v&#7885;ng c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; d&#7891;n v&#224;o &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng c&#249;ng. Khi b&#432;&#7899;c ra kh&#7887;i r&#7841;p v&#7899;i &#273;&#244;i m&#7855;t &#273;&#7887; hoe, &#244;ng c&#243; d&#225;m quay sang b&#7841;n b&#232; v&#224; n&#243;i: &#8216;Tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m v&#7873; n&#7841;n di&#7879;t ch&#7911;ng n&#224;y th&#7853;t l&#224; Fun&#8217; kh&#244;ng? Hay khi &#244;ng ch&#417;i That Dragon, Cancer &#8211; m&#7897;t tr&#242; ch&#417;i v&#7873; h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i cha ch&#259;m s&#243;c &#273;&#7913;a con b&#7883; ung th&#432; cho &#273;&#7871;n l&#250;c qua &#273;&#7901;i &#8211; &#244;ng c&#243; d&#225;m khen l&#224; &#8216;Game n&#224;y Fun l&#7855;m&#8217; kh&#244;ng?&#8221;</p><p><strong>Paidia</strong>: &#8220;T&#7845;t nhi&#234;n l&#224; kh&#244;ng. N&#243;i th&#7871; th&#236; th&#7853;t l&#224; v&#244; c&#7843;m, th&#7853;m ch&#237; l&#224; b&#7879;nh ho&#7841;n. &#272;&#243; l&#224; s&#7921; th&#7845;u c&#7843;m (Empathy), l&#224; s&#7921; rung &#273;&#7897;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; nh&#226;n v&#259;n cao c&#7843; v&#224; n&#7895;i &#273;au c&#7911;a &#273;&#7891;ng lo&#7841;i.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Ludus</strong>: &#8220;V&#7853;y &#273;&#7845;y! Khi tr&#242; ch&#417;i ch&#7841;m &#273;&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7905;ng c&#7917;a c&#7911;a Ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t, n&#243; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u truy&#7873;n t&#7843;i nh&#7919;ng ph&#7893; c&#7843;m x&#250;c m&#224; &#8216;Vui v&#7867;&#8217; kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; ch&#7841;m t&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Game c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n &#244;ng th&#7845;y t&#7897;i l&#7895;i, th&#7845;y nh&#7909;c nh&#227;, th&#7845;y c&#259;m ph&#7851;n ho&#7863;c th&#7845;y tr&#7889;ng r&#7895;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#7853;n c&#249;ng. H&#227;y nh&#236;n t&#7921;a game Papers, Please. Trong &#273;&#243;, &#244;ng &#273;&#243;ng vai m&#7897;t nh&#226;n vi&#234;n ki&#7875;m so&#225;t c&#7917;a kh&#7849;u t&#7841;i m&#7897;t qu&#7889;c gia &#273;&#7897;c t&#224;i. Gameplay c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; g&#236;? L&#224; soi l&#7895;i ch&#237;nh t&#7843; tr&#234;n h&#7897; chi&#7871;u, l&#224; &#273;&#7871;m t&#7915;ng &#273;&#7891;ng xu &#273;&#7875; nu&#244;i gia &#273;&#236;nh trong khi ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c nghi&#7879;t ng&#227;. N&#243; ch&#225;n ng&#7855;t, n&#243; l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, n&#243; g&#226;y &#7913;c ch&#7871;. N&#243; kh&#244;ng &#8216;Fun&#8217; theo b&#7845;t k&#7923; ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n n&#224;o, nh&#432;ng n&#243; c&#7921;c k&#7923; c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a. N&#243; b&#7855;t &#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i &#8216;s&#7921; t&#7847;m th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;i &#225;c&#8217; th&#244;ng qua ch&#237;nh s&#7921; nh&#224;m ch&#225;n c&#7911;a gameplay.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Paidia</strong>: &#8220;Nghe &#244;ng n&#243;i, t&#244;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u th&#7845;y m&#236;nh h&#417;i &#8216;ng&#226;y th&#417;&#8217; khi c&#7913; b&#225;m l&#7845;y ch&#7919; Fun nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#225;i phao c&#7913;u sinh. Nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7907;i &#273;&#227;, n&#7871;u game c&#243; th&#7875; bu&#7891;n, c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#225;n, v&#7853;y c&#242;n Gameplay th&#236; sao? T&#244;i v&#7851;n tin r&#7857;ng c&#225;i &#8216;c&#7843;m gi&#225;c t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c&#8217; (Game feel) d&#7913;t kho&#225;t ph&#7843;i mang l&#7841;i kho&#225;i c&#7843;m. N&#7871;u t&#244;i &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n m&#7897;t nh&#226;n v&#7853;t m&#224; n&#243; ch&#7853;m ch&#7841;p, n&#7863;ng n&#7873;, hay vi&#7879;c click chu&#7897;t kh&#244;ng mang l&#7841;i ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i g&#236; th&#250; v&#7883;, th&#236; &#273;&#243; l&#224; game t&#7891;i, &#273;&#250;ng kh&#244;ng?&#8221;</p><p><strong>Ludus</strong>: &#8220;L&#7841;i m&#7897;t c&#225;i b&#7851;y v&#7873; s&#7921; th&#7887;a m&#227;n nh&#7845;t th&#7901;i n&#7919;a. H&#227;y nh&#236;n v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng tr&#242; ch&#417;i &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i s&#7921; &#8216;c&#224;y cu&#7889;c&#8217; (grinding) c&#7921;c &#273;oan. &#212;ng &#273;&#227; bao gi&#7901; d&#224;nh c&#7843; tu&#7847;n l&#7877; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; &#273;i &#273;&#224;o qu&#7863;ng trong Minecraft hay &#273;&#225;nh h&#224;ng ng&#224;n con qu&#225;i v&#7853;t gi&#7889;ng h&#7879;t nhau trong m&#7897;t game nh&#7853;p vai c&#361; k&#7929; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng m&#7897;t level ch&#432;a?&#8221;</p><p><strong>Paidia</strong>: &#8220;Ch&#417;i su&#7889;t ch&#7913;! &#272;&#244;i khi t&#244;i v&#7915;a l&#224;m v&#7915;a nghe podcast, n&#243; nh&#432; m&#7897;t d&#7841;ng thi&#7873;n &#273;&#7883;nh, m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; &#8216;gi&#7871;t&#8217; th&#7901;i gian hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Ludus</strong>: &#8220;H&#227;y b&#243;c t&#225;ch h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#243; d&#432;&#7899;i l&#259;ng k&#237;nh logic: &#212;ng di chu&#7897;t, click, ch&#7901; 3 gi&#226;y, l&#7841;i click. L&#7863;p l&#7841;i 1000 l&#7847;n m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c v&#244; h&#7891;n. N&#7871;u t&#244;i thu&#234; &#244;ng l&#224;m vi&#7879;c n&#224;y &#7903; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty nh&#7853;p li&#7879;u v&#7899;i m&#7913;c l&#432;&#417;ng t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u, &#244;ng s&#7869; g&#7885;i &#273;&#243; l&#224; &#8216;b&#243;c l&#7897;t lao &#273;&#7897;ng&#8217; hay &#8216;nh&#224; t&#249; tinh th&#7847;n&#8217;. Nh&#432;ng trong game, &#244;ng g&#7885;i &#273;&#243; l&#224; &#8216;Gi&#7843;i tr&#237;&#8217;. T&#7841;i sao? B&#7843;n th&#226;n c&#225;i click chu&#7897;t &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng h&#7873; &#8216;Fun&#8217; hay th&#7887;a m&#227;n v&#7873; m&#7863;t c&#417; h&#7885;c, n&#243; l&#224; lao &#273;&#7897;ng thu&#7847;n t&#250;y. S&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; c&#244;ng nh&#226;n ngo&#224;i &#273;&#7901;i l&#224;m v&#236; &#8216;Ngo&#7841;i l&#7921;c&#8217; (ti&#7873;n b&#7841;c, sinh t&#7891;n), c&#242;n &#244;ng l&#224;m v&#236; m&#7897;t m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch m&#224; &#244;ng t&#7921; nguy&#7879;n ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n trong th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#7843;o. Game kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n gameplay ph&#7843;i lu&#244;n &#8216;Fun&#8217;, n&#243; ch&#7881; c&#7847;n gameplay c&#243; M&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch m&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n d&#7845;n th&#226;n v&#224;o &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t t&#7899;i s&#7921; t&#7921; kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh m&#236;nh.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Paidia</strong>: &#8220;Ludus, &#244;ng &#273;ang bi&#7871;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i game th&#224;nh m&#7897;t c&#244;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng lao &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7847;y &#273;au kh&#7893; v&#224; nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i to&#225;n &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c n&#7863;ng n&#7873;. N&#7871;u S&#7907; h&#227;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i Fun, Bu&#7891;n b&#227; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i Fun, v&#224; C&#224;y cu&#7889;c c&#361;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; Lao &#273;&#7897;ng... V&#7853;y t&#7841;i sao h&#224;ng t&#7927; ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7851;n ch&#417;i game m&#7895;i ng&#224;y? Ch&#7859;ng l&#7869; ch&#250;ng ta l&#224; nh&#7919;ng k&#7867; th&#237;ch h&#224;nh h&#7841; b&#7843;n th&#226;n?&#8221;</p><p><strong>Ludus</strong>: &#8220;Kh&#244;ng, ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i k&#7867; kh&#7893; d&#226;m. Ch&#250;ng ta l&#224; nh&#7919;ng sinh v&#7853;t khao kh&#225;t s&#7921; Chinh ph&#7909;c (Mastery) v&#224; vi&#7879;c th&#7921;c thi &#221; ch&#237; (Will). H&#227;y nh&#236;n v&#224;o &#273;&#7881;nh cao c&#7911;a game: E-sports chuy&#234;n nghi&#7879;p ho&#7863;c c&#225;c d&#242;ng game &#8216;Hardcore&#8217; nh&#432; Dark Souls hay Elden Ring. H&#227;y nh&#236;n m&#7897;t tuy&#7875;n th&#7911; trong tr&#7853;n chung k&#7871;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i: M&#7863;t h&#7885; c&#259;ng nh&#432; d&#226;y &#273;&#224;n, m&#7891; h&#244;i &#273;&#7847;m &#273;&#236;a, h&#7885; kh&#244;ng c&#432;&#7901;i, h&#7885; kh&#244;ng th&#432; gi&#227;n. H&#7885; &#273;ang &#7903; trong tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i m&#224; nh&#224; t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8216;D&#242;ng ch&#7843;y&#8217; (Flow). &#272;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ni&#7873;m vui, &#273;&#243; l&#224; s&#7921; t&#7853;p trung t&#7889;i th&#432;&#7907;ng, n&#417;i c&#225;i t&#244;i bi&#7871;n m&#7845;t v&#224; ch&#7881; c&#242;n l&#7841;i h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng. H&#7885; &#273;ang s&#7889;ng tr&#7885;n v&#7865;n nh&#7845;t kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; h&#7885; vui, m&#224; v&#236; h&#7885; &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c Th&#7917; th&#225;ch &#273;&#7871;n t&#7853;n c&#249;ng gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Paidia</strong>: &#8220;V&#7853;y th&#236; &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng c&#7911;a &#244;ng v&#7873; Game l&#224; g&#236;? N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ni&#7873;m vui, th&#236; c&#225;i s&#7907;i d&#226;y n&#224;o g&#7855;n k&#7871;t t&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng m&#7843;nh gh&#233;p r&#7901;i r&#7841;c n&#224;y l&#7841;i?&#8221;</p><p><strong>Ludus</strong>: &#8220;T&#244;i mu&#7889;n ch&#237;nh &#244;ng, m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; t&#7841;o ra nh&#7919;ng th&#7871; gi&#7899;i cho h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i, t&#7921; t&#236;m ra n&#243;. H&#227;y ngh&#297; v&#7873; Bernard Suits. &#212;ng &#7845;y n&#243;i: &#8216;Ch&#417;i game l&#224; m&#7897;t n&#7895; l&#7921;c t&#7921; nguy&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; v&#432;&#7907;t qua nh&#7919;ng tr&#7903; ng&#7841;i kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t&#8217;. &#212;ng th&#7845;y ch&#7919; &#8216;Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t&#8217; &#273;&#243; n&#7857;m &#7903; &#273;&#226;u trong nh&#7919;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a m&#236;nh?&#8221;</p><p><strong>Paidia</strong>: &#8220;T&#244;i th&#7845;y r&#7891;i... Trong b&#243;ng &#273;&#225;, n&#7871;u mu&#7889;n &#273;&#432;a b&#243;ng v&#224;o g&#244;n nhanh nh&#7845;t, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta s&#7869; d&#249;ng tay. Trong c&#7901; vua, n&#7871;u mu&#7889;n th&#7855;ng nhanh nh&#7845;t, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta s&#7869; h&#7845;t tung b&#224;n c&#7901;. Nh&#432;ng ch&#250;ng ta l&#7841;i t&#7921; &#273;&#7863;t ra lu&#7853;t l&#7879; &#273;&#7875; ng&#259;n c&#7843;n s&#7921; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; &#273;&#243;. T&#7841;i sao? &#272;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t kh&#244;ng gian n&#417;i n&#259;ng l&#7921;c con ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7897;c l&#7897;.</p><p>Nh&#236;n l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng g&#236; ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n, t&#244;i nh&#7853;n ra r&#7857;ng khi t&#244;i n&#243;i &#8216;Game d&#7913;t kho&#225;t ph&#7843;i Fun&#8217;, t&#244;i &#273;&#227; v&#244; t&#236;nh t&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i c&#225;i quy&#7873;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7903; n&#234;n s&#226;u s&#7855;c v&#224; v&#297; &#273;&#7841;i c&#7911;a n&#243;. Game kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i lu&#244;n l&#224;m ta c&#432;&#7901;i.</p><p>N&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7843;n Bi k&#7883;ch khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ta &#273;au &#273;&#7899;n &#273;&#7875; th&#7845;u c&#7843;m v&#7899;i nh&#226;n lo&#7841;i.</p><p>N&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; m&#7897;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh Lao &#273;&#7897;ng kh&#7893; h&#7841;nh &#273;&#7875; r&#232;n luy&#7879;n t&#237;nh ki&#234;n nh&#7851;n v&#224; k&#7927; lu&#7853;t.</p><p>N&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c C&#7841;nh tranh kh&#7889;c li&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; con ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#236;m th&#7845;y &#225;nh s&#225;ng c&#7911;a &#253; ch&#237; trong &#225;p l&#7921;c ng&#224;n c&#226;n.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Ludus</strong>: &#8220;V&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; khi&#7871;n t&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; n&#7863;ng n&#7873; &#273;&#243; v&#7851;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#250;ng ta g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8216;Ch&#417;i&#8217;?&#8221;</p><p><strong>Paidia</strong>: &#8220;Ch&#237;nh l&#224; Th&#225;i &#273;&#7897; ch&#417;i (Lusory Attitude). L&#224; vi&#7879;c ch&#250;ng ta bi&#7871;t r&#245; nh&#7919;ng tr&#7903; ng&#7841;i kia l&#224; v&#244; l&#253;, l&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t, nh&#432;ng ch&#250;ng ta v&#7851;n m&#7881;m c&#432;&#7901;i v&#224; t&#7921; nguy&#7879;n b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o v&#242;ng tr&#242;n ma thu&#7853;t &#273;&#243;. V&#7853;y ra game kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i Vui, ti&#234;n sinh Ludus &#7841;. N&#243; c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a. Ni&#7873;m vui ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t trong s&#7889; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u m&#243;n qu&#224; m&#224; Game t&#7863;ng cho ta, nh&#432;ng c&#225;i g&#7889;c r&#7877; khi&#7871;n ta c&#7847;m tay c&#7847;m l&#234;n ch&#237;nh l&#224; s&#7921; khao kh&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#432;&#7907;t qua ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh trong m&#7897;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i m&#224; ta t&#7921; nguy&#7879;n thu&#7897;c v&#7873;. C&#7843;m &#417;n &#244;ng &#273;&#227; gi&#250;p t&#244;i nh&#236;n th&#7845;y ng&#244;i &#273;&#7873;n m&#224; b&#7845;y l&#226;u nay t&#244;i ch&#7881; coi l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#242;ng b&#7841;c.&#8221;</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Night Talk #1: Tất tần tật* về Retro Gaming]]></title><description><![CDATA[T&#7889;i th&#7913; S&#225;u 5/12 n&#224;y, m&#7901;i b&#7841;n chuy&#7879;n tr&#242; &#7845;m c&#250;ng v&#7873; game c&#249;ng ch&#250;ng t&#244;i.]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/night-talk-1-tat-tan-tat-ve-retro</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/night-talk-1-tat-tan-tat-ve-retro</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 03 Dec 2025 08:23:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2fH9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3545e4bd-89d3-4853-98b2-21727fcb5b9c_940x788.png" length="0" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2fH9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3545e4bd-89d3-4853-98b2-21727fcb5b9c_940x788.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2fH9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3545e4bd-89d3-4853-98b2-21727fcb5b9c_940x788.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2fH9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3545e4bd-89d3-4853-98b2-21727fcb5b9c_940x788.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2fH9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3545e4bd-89d3-4853-98b2-21727fcb5b9c_940x788.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>T&#7888;I TH&#7912; S&#193;U 5/12 N&#192;Y, M&#7900;I B&#7840;N CHUY&#7878;N TR&#210; &#7844;M C&#218;NG V&#7872; GAME C&#217;NG CH&#218;NG T&#212;I.</strong></p></div><p>Bi&#7871;t l&#224; g&#7845;p g&#225;p, nh&#432;ng th&#7875; theo nguy&#7879;n v&#7885;ng c&#7911;a anh ch&#7883; em Ludo School, t&#244;i m&#7841;n ph&#233;p &#273;&#7913;ng ra t&#7893; ch&#7913;c m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i cocoa talk (kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i coffee talk v&#236; 8h t&#7889;i th&#236; ai u&#7889;ng c&#224; ph&#234;) &#273;&#7875; ch&#250;ng ta c&#249;ng nhau n&#243;i v&#7873; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i r&#7845;t hay ho nh&#7919;ng c&#361;ng &#273;&#7847;y ho&#224;i ni&#7879;m, &#273;&#243; l&#224; retro gaming (ch&#417;i game c&#7893;).</p><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; n&#7897;i dung c&#243; th&#7875; c&#243; trong bu&#7893;i bao g&#7891;m:</p><ul><li><p>Gi&#7843; l&#7853;p game c&#7893; l&#224; g&#236;? Ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng th&#7871; n&#224;o?</p></li><li><p>L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; t&#225;i hi&#7879;n l&#7841;i &#273;&#250;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a game c&#7893; tr&#234;n h&#7879; m&#225;y g&#7889;c?</p></li><li><p>C&#225;c nh&#224; l&#224;m game c&#7893; &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng c&#243; nh&#7919;ng &#8220;tuy&#7879;t chi&#234;u&#8221; g&#236; &#273;&#7875; v&#432;&#7907;t qua &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n ph&#7847;n c&#7913;ng th&#7901;i &#273;&#243;?</p></li><li><p>V&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n &amp; k&#7927; ni&#7879;m ch&#417;i game</p></li></ul><p>Ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; c&#243; kh&#225;ch m&#7901;i l&#224; b&#7841;n <strong><a href="https://www.facebook.com/hxhiep?__cft__[0]=AZX21FXn9fTrRuUkdXZ0yGcgKbnG3kMpGJnYaWpq49LKodVsOMUlwXFbe3zajAvmaRn7YFIQu6nAlOWsQoKLwG3Sw9oldkl9luIhVLU7UkRaHFbfHG44igEcno8wHd1tGi9pwu4nTyRCp51tAvL_V0GqWTNwMxM1WWfSfa9S8jKZaYrJqFS5ZLeDLgiCOEjOKzc&amp;__tn__=-]K-R">Ho&#224;ng Hi&#7879;p</a></strong>, m&#7897;t &#8220;chuy&#234;n gia&#8221; trong m&#7843;ng retro gaming n&#224;y. B&#7841;n c&#243; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n hay, c&#361;ng nh&#432; kinh nghi&#7879;m v&#7873; game c&#7893;, gi&#7843; l&#7853;p game c&#7893;, c&#225;c h&#7879; m&#225;y game c&#7893;, c&#361;ng nh&#432; kinh nghi&#7879;m x&#7917; l&#253; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t cho tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ch&#417;i game c&#7893;. B&#7841;n c&#361;ng l&#224; h&#7885;c vi&#234;n K3 c&#7911;a l&#7899;p C&#7843;m t&#236;nh &#272;i&#7879;n t&#7917;.</p><p>T&#244;i g&#7917;i email n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; k&#237;nh m&#7901;i c&#225;c b&#7841;n h&#7919;u c&#7911;a <em>Ludo School</em>, n&#7871;u h&#7913;ng th&#250; v&#7899;i &#273;&#7873; t&#224;i n&#224;y, ho&#7863;c c&#243; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n vui v&#7867; n&#224;o &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7875; k&#7875; v&#224;o m&#7897;t d&#7883;p cu&#7889;i tu&#7847;n cu&#7889;i n&#259;m &#7845;m c&#250;ng n&#224;y, th&#236; h&#227;y tham gia v&#7899;i ch&#250;ng t&#244;i nh&#233;.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Th&#7901;i gian: 20h00 t&#7889;i th&#7913; S&#225;u, ng&#224;y 5/12/2025</strong></p><p><strong>&#272;&#7883;a &#273;i&#7875;m: <a href="https://discord.gg/k9znYFS3?event=1445681416598978602">Discord server</a> c&#7911;a Ludo School</strong></p></blockquote><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://discord.gg/k9znYFS3?event=1445681416598978602&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Tham gia s&#7921; ki&#7879;n&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://discord.gg/k9znYFS3?event=1445681416598978602"><span>Tham gia s&#7921; ki&#7879;n</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Speedrunning đã phát triển từ một sở thích thành một môn nghệ thuật]]></title><description><![CDATA[Kh&#225;m ph&#225; c&#225;ch c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng game th&#7911; bi&#7871;n vi&#7879;c ch&#417;i game nhanh th&#224;nh m&#7897;t m&#224;n tr&#236;nh di&#7877;n c&#7911;a k&#7929; thu&#7853;t, s&#225;ng t&#7841;o v&#224; s&#7921; am hi&#7875;u s&#226;u s&#7855;c.]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/speedrunning-a-phat-trien-tu-mot</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/speedrunning-a-phat-trien-tu-mot</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 03 Dec 2025 05:01:20 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!do8o!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1d1748a-272c-4a7f-ac80-1d8131b2eb1a_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!do8o!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1d1748a-272c-4a7f-ac80-1d8131b2eb1a_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!do8o!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1d1748a-272c-4a7f-ac80-1d8131b2eb1a_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!do8o!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1d1748a-272c-4a7f-ac80-1d8131b2eb1a_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!do8o!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1d1748a-272c-4a7f-ac80-1d8131b2eb1a_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!do8o!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1d1748a-272c-4a7f-ac80-1d8131b2eb1a_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!do8o!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1d1748a-272c-4a7f-ac80-1d8131b2eb1a_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a1d1748a-272c-4a7f-ac80-1d8131b2eb1a_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Most Active Speedrun.com Games (2014-2020) : r/speedrun&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Most Active Speedrun.com Games (2014-2020) : r/speedrun" title="Most Active Speedrun.com Games (2014-2020) : r/speedrun" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!do8o!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1d1748a-272c-4a7f-ac80-1d8131b2eb1a_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!do8o!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1d1748a-272c-4a7f-ac80-1d8131b2eb1a_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!do8o!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1d1748a-272c-4a7f-ac80-1d8131b2eb1a_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!do8o!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1d1748a-272c-4a7f-ac80-1d8131b2eb1a_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n t&#7915;ng xem c&#225;c s&#7921; ki&#7879;n nh&#432; Awesome Games Done Quick (AGDQ), b&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7845;y m&#7897;t c&#7843;nh t&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#225;ng kinh ng&#7841;c: m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i ph&#225; &#273;&#7843;o m&#7897;t t&#7921;a game 60 ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; nh&#432; <em>Elden Ring</em> ch&#7881; trong v&#242;ng 20 ph&#250;t. H&#7885; bay xuy&#234;n t&#432;&#7901;ng, &#273;&#225;nh b&#7841;i tr&#249;m trong m&#7897;t gi&#226;y, v&#224; nh&#7843;y m&#250;a qua nh&#7919;ng m&#224;n ch&#417;i m&#224; ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; ph&#7843;i v&#7845;t v&#7843; h&#224;ng gi&#7901; m&#7899;i v&#432;&#7907;t qua. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i xem b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, &#273;&#226;y c&#243; v&#7867; l&#224; m&#7897;t tr&#242; gi&#7843;i tr&#237; k&#7923; qu&#7863;c, m&#7897;t s&#7903; th&#237;ch c&#243; ph&#7847;n v&#244; ngh&#297;a, th&#7853;m ch&#237; l&#224; &#8220;ph&#225; h&#7887;ng&#8221; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m game. Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u nh&#236;n s&#226;u h&#417;n, b&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng speedrunning t&#7915; l&#226;u &#273;&#227; v&#432;&#7907;t qua ranh gi&#7899;i c&#7911;a m&#7897;t th&#250; vui. N&#243; &#273;&#227; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n th&#224;nh m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p, m&#7897;t m&#224;n tr&#236;nh di&#7877;n k&#7871;t h&#7907;p gi&#7919;a ph&#226;n t&#237;ch khoa h&#7885;c, s&#7921; s&#225;ng t&#7841;o v&#244; bi&#234;n v&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n &#273;&#7881;nh cao. N&#243; &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a l&#7841;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c ch&#417;i game: v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; &#8220;li&#7879;u b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; v&#7873; n&#432;&#7899;c kh&#244;ng&#8221;, m&#224; l&#224; &#8220;b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; v&#7873; n&#432;&#7899;c <em>nhanh &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c n&#224;o</em>&#8220;.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.ludo.school/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#127939; <strong>B&#7841;n c&#243; b&#7883; cu&#7889;n h&#250;t b&#7903;i nh&#7919;ng c&#225;ch ch&#417;i game phi th&#432;&#7901;ng? </strong>H&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n newsletter c&#7911;a Game h&#243;a &#273;&#7875; kh&#244;ng b&#7887; l&#7905; nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#7873; c&#225;c n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&#243;a game &#273;&#7897;c &#273;&#225;o v&#224; c&#225;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7857;ng sau ch&#250;ng!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h4>Khoa h&#7885;c c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c &#8220;Ph&#225; Game&#8221;</h4><p>&#7844;n t&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n v&#7873; speedrunning l&#224; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; v&#224; ph&#7843;n x&#7841;, nh&#432;ng tr&#225;i tim c&#7911;a n&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; n&#7857;m &#7903; tri th&#7913;c. Speedrunner kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; ch&#417;i game; h&#7885; &#8220;gi&#7843;i ph&#7851;u&#8221; game. H&#7885; d&#224;nh h&#224;ng ng&#224;n gi&#7901; &#273;&#7875; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m m&#7885;i t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c, m&#7885;i g&#243;c t&#432;&#7901;ng, m&#7885;i d&#242;ng m&#227;. M&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a h&#7885; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ch&#417;i theo lu&#7853;t, m&#224; l&#224; t&#236;m ra c&#225;ch b&#7867; cong ho&#7863;c ph&#225; v&#7905; ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#225;c quy lu&#7853;t &#273;&#243;.</p><p>&#272;&#226;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; kh&#237;a c&#7841;nh khoa h&#7885;c. Ngay c&#7843; trong c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng speedrun c&#361;ng c&#243; nhi&#7873;u tr&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#225;i. C&#243; h&#7841;ng m&#7909;c &#8220;Glitchless&#8221; (kh&#244;ng l&#7895;i), n&#417;i c&#225;c &#8220;v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n&#8221; c&#7841;nh tranh xem ai c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a c&#225;c c&#417; ch&#7871; <em>d&#7921; &#273;&#7883;nh</em> c&#7911;a game m&#7897;t c&#225;ch ho&#224;n h&#7843;o nh&#7845;t, th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c c&#250; nh&#7843;y, c&#225;c &#273;&#242;n &#273;&#225;nh v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915;ng khung h&#236;nh. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; khoa h&#7885;c c&#7911;a s&#7921; t&#7889;i &#432;u.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng h&#7845;p d&#7851;n h&#417;n c&#7843; l&#224; h&#7841;ng m&#7909;c &#8220;Any%&#8221; (ho&#224;n th&#224;nh nhanh nh&#7845;t b&#7857;ng m&#7885;i gi&#225;), n&#417;i khoa h&#7885;c c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c &#8220;ph&#225; game&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7875; hi&#7879;n r&#245; nh&#7845;t. C&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng s&#7869; h&#7907;p t&#225;c &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra c&#225;c &#8220;glitch&#8221; (l&#7895;i game) v&#224; &#8220;exploit&#8221; (l&#7907;i d&#7909;ng l&#7895;i). M&#7897;t &#8220;glitch&#8221; cho ph&#233;p ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i nh&#7843;y ng&#432;&#7907;c v&#7873; ph&#237;a sau v&#7899;i t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; v&#244; h&#7841;n (Backwards Long Jump) trong <em>Super Mario 64</em>, hay m&#7897;t &#8220;exploit&#8221; cho ph&#233;p h&#7885; &#273;i xuy&#234;n t&#432;&#7901;ng trong <em>Dark Souls</em>, &#273;&#7873;u kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n t&#236;nh c&#7901;. Ch&#250;ng l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c ki&#7875;m tra gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t c&#243; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng. Ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i t&#236;m hi&#7875;u xem b&#7897; m&#227; c&#7911;a game x&#7917; l&#253; v&#7853;t l&#253; v&#224; logic nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o, &#273;&#244;i khi can thi&#7879;p v&#224;o c&#7843; b&#7897; nh&#7899; (memory manipulation) c&#7911;a game ch&#7881; b&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng trong game. &#272;&#7881;nh cao c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c n&#224;y l&#224; &#8220;Arbitrary Code Execution&#8221; (Th&#7921;c thi m&#227; t&#249;y &#253;) trong c&#225;c game nh&#432; <em>Ocarina of Time</em>, n&#417;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i s&#7855;p x&#7871;p c&#225;c v&#7853;t ph&#7849;m trong t&#250;i &#273;&#7891; theo m&#7897;t tr&#7853;t t&#7921; nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7875;... l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh l&#7841;i game ngay l&#250;c &#273;ang ch&#417;i, bu&#7897;c game ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;a h&#7885; th&#7859;ng &#273;&#7871;n m&#224;n k&#7871;t th&#250;c. Vi&#7879;c n&#224;y &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i s&#7921; ki&#234;n nh&#7851;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t nh&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#224; t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#7911;a m&#7897;t l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh vi&#234;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2sNB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa83af0d-b2af-4d71-a610-09b6e1f645b8_825x413.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2sNB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa83af0d-b2af-4d71-a610-09b6e1f645b8_825x413.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2sNB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa83af0d-b2af-4d71-a610-09b6e1f645b8_825x413.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2sNB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa83af0d-b2af-4d71-a610-09b6e1f645b8_825x413.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2sNB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa83af0d-b2af-4d71-a610-09b6e1f645b8_825x413.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2sNB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa83af0d-b2af-4d71-a610-09b6e1f645b8_825x413.jpeg" width="825" height="413" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fa83af0d-b2af-4d71-a610-09b6e1f645b8_825x413.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:413,&quot;width&quot;:825,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Super Mario 64's Most Famous Glitch: A Complete Overview&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Super Mario 64's Most Famous Glitch: A Complete Overview" title="Super Mario 64's Most Famous Glitch: A Complete Overview" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2sNB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa83af0d-b2af-4d71-a610-09b6e1f645b8_825x413.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2sNB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa83af0d-b2af-4d71-a610-09b6e1f645b8_825x413.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2sNB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa83af0d-b2af-4d71-a610-09b6e1f645b8_825x413.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2sNB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa83af0d-b2af-4d71-a610-09b6e1f645b8_825x413.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c L&#7853;p tuy&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng</h4><p>N&#7871;u vi&#7879;c t&#236;m ra &#8220;glitch&#8221; l&#224; khoa h&#7885;c, th&#236; vi&#7879;c x&#226;u chu&#7895;i ch&#250;ng l&#7841;i th&#224;nh m&#7897;t l&#7897; tr&#236;nh ho&#224;n h&#7843;o ch&#237;nh l&#224; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t. M&#7897;t &#8220;speedrun&#8221; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t chu&#7895;i c&#225;c h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n; n&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t k&#7883;ch b&#7843;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#234;n k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch t&#7881; m&#7881; &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915;ng khung h&#236;nh. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; n&#417;i s&#7921; s&#225;ng t&#7841;o t&#7887;a s&#225;ng.</p><p>M&#7897;t speedrunner gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t bi&#234;n &#273;&#7841;o m&#250;a. H&#7885; ph&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh xem n&#234;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#8220;glitch&#8221; n&#224;o, b&#7887; qua m&#224;n ch&#417;i n&#224;o, v&#224; &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i r&#7911;i ro ra sao. M&#7897;t tuy&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng (route) nhanh h&#417;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i nh&#7919;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t c&#7921;c k&#7923; kh&#243;, ch&#7881; c&#7847;n th&#7845;t b&#7841;i m&#7897;t l&#7847;n l&#224; m&#7845;t h&#7871;t. M&#7897;t tuy&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng an to&#224;n h&#417;n th&#236; l&#7841;i ch&#7853;m h&#417;n v&#224;i gi&#226;y. V&#237; d&#7909;: &#8220;M&#236;nh c&#243; n&#234;n d&#224;nh 30 gi&#226;y &#273;&#7875; l&#7845;y thanh ki&#7871;m X kh&#244;ng? N&#243; s&#7869; gi&#250;p m&#236;nh h&#7841; tr&#249;m cu&#7889;i nhanh h&#417;n 2 ph&#250;t, nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u th&#7845;t b&#7841;i khi l&#7845;y n&#243;, m&#236;nh s&#7869; m&#7845;t 5 ph&#250;t&#8221;.</p><p>H&#417;n n&#7919;a, h&#7885; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7889;i ph&#243; v&#7899;i &#8220;RNG&#8221; (Random Number Generation - S&#7921; ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n). &#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; may r&#7911;i trong game, nh&#432; vi&#7879;c tr&#249;m ra &#273;&#242;n g&#236; hay qu&#225;i v&#7853;t c&#243; &#273;&#225;nh r&#417;i v&#7853;t ph&#7849;m c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t hay kh&#244;ng. M&#7897;t speedrunner ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t s&#7869; kh&#244;ng ph&#243; m&#7863;c cho may r&#7911;i. H&#7885; s&#7869; l&#7853;p ra m&#7897;t tuy&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a RNG, ho&#7863;c th&#7853;m ch&#237; t&#236;m c&#225;ch &#8220;thao t&#250;ng RNG&#8221;, t&#7913;c l&#224; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t chu&#7895;i h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng ch&#237;nh x&#225;c &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915;ng khung h&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; bu&#7897;c h&#7879; th&#7889;ng ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n ph&#7843;i cho ra k&#7871;t qu&#7843; m&#224; h&#7885; mong mu&#7889;n. Ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t n&#7857;m &#7903; vi&#7879;c t&#236;m ra s&#7921; c&#226;n b&#7857;ng ho&#224;n h&#7843;o gi&#7919;a r&#7911;i ro v&#224; ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng, gi&#7919;a s&#7921; t&#7889;i &#432;u l&#253; thuy&#7871;t v&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng th&#7921;c thi c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i. M&#7895;i &#8220;world record&#8221; (k&#7927; l&#7909;c th&#7871; gi&#7899;i) m&#7899;i kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t m&#224;n tr&#236;nh di&#7877;n k&#7929; n&#259;ng; n&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7843;n lu&#7853;n &#225;n m&#7899;i, m&#7897;t gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p s&#225;ng t&#7841;o h&#417;n cho m&#7897;t b&#224;i to&#225;n c&#361;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZdY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F949ff7de-6089-4e3d-b150-f91cd3f145e8_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZdY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F949ff7de-6089-4e3d-b150-f91cd3f145e8_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZdY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F949ff7de-6089-4e3d-b150-f91cd3f145e8_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZdY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F949ff7de-6089-4e3d-b150-f91cd3f145e8_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZdY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F949ff7de-6089-4e3d-b150-f91cd3f145e8_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZdY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F949ff7de-6089-4e3d-b150-f91cd3f145e8_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/949ff7de-6089-4e3d-b150-f91cd3f145e8_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Silksong 5-hour speedrun route (Based on BLueSR) : r/HollowKnight&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Silksong 5-hour speedrun route (Based on BLueSR) : r/HollowKnight" title="Silksong 5-hour speedrun route (Based on BLueSR) : r/HollowKnight" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZdY!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F949ff7de-6089-4e3d-b150-f91cd3f145e8_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZdY!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F949ff7de-6089-4e3d-b150-f91cd3f145e8_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZdY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F949ff7de-6089-4e3d-b150-f91cd3f145e8_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZdY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F949ff7de-6089-4e3d-b150-f91cd3f145e8_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>M&#7897;t M&#224;n tr&#236;nh di&#7877;n C&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng</h4><p>Kh&#244;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; c&#225;c m&#244;n ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng, speedrunning hi&#7871;m khi l&#224; n&#7895; l&#7921;c c&#7911;a m&#7897;t c&#225; nh&#226;n &#273;&#417;n l&#7867;. N&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng. V&#259;n h&#243;a speedrun c&#243; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m tuy&#7879;t v&#7901;i: khi m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i t&#236;m th&#7845;y m&#7897;t chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t m&#7899;i, m&#7897;t &#8220;glitch&#8221; ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m th&#7901;i gian, h&#7885; s&#7869; chia s&#7867; n&#243; v&#7899;i m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i. T&#7841;i sao? B&#7903;i v&#236; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u chung kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225; nh&#226;n chi&#7871;n th&#7855;ng, m&#224; l&#224; c&#7843; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng c&#249;ng nhau xem &#8220;c&#225;i &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891;&#8221; c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7843;m xu&#7889;ng th&#7845;p &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c n&#224;o. K&#7867; th&#249; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; c&#225;c speedrunner kh&#225;c; k&#7867; th&#249; ch&#237;nh l&#224; th&#7901;i gian.</p><p>C&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng n&#224;y c&#242;n c&#249;ng nhau x&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; h&#7895; tr&#7907;, nh&#432; ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m b&#7845;m gi&#7901; LiveSplit, c&#225;c b&#7843;n ROM &#273;&#7875; luy&#7879;n t&#7853;p (practice ROMs) cho ph&#233;p ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i tua l&#7841;i v&#224; th&#7917; m&#7897;t c&#250; nh&#7843;y kh&#243; h&#224;ng tr&#259;m l&#7847;n. C&#225;c s&#7921; ki&#7879;n nh&#432; AGDQ kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; n&#417;i tr&#236;nh di&#7877;n. Ch&#250;ng l&#224; c&#225;c l&#7877; h&#7897;i, n&#417;i nh&#7919;ng &#8220;ngh&#7879; s&#297;&#8221; n&#224;y t&#7909; h&#7897;i &#273;&#7875; chia s&#7867; &#273;am m&#234; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh v&#224; quy&#234;n g&#243;p h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u &#273;&#244; la cho t&#7915; thi&#7879;n. Kh&#225;n gi&#7843; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; xem &#273;&#7875; th&#7845;y game &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225; &#273;&#7843;o nhanh. H&#7885; xem &#273;&#7875; nghe nh&#7919;ng gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p t&#7915; ch&#237;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i v&#224; &#8220;d&#224;n gh&#7871; sofa&#8221; (nh&#243;m chuy&#234;n gia ng&#7891;i b&#234;n c&#7841;nh). H&#7885; xem &#273;&#7875; ch&#7913;ng ki&#7871;n m&#7897;t m&#224;n tr&#236;nh di&#7877;n &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n h&#224;ng ngh&#236;n gi&#7901;, n&#417;i m&#7895;i c&#250; nh&#7843;y, m&#7895;i c&#250; b&#7855;n &#273;&#7873;u ph&#7843;i ho&#224;n h&#7843;o. &#272;&#243; l&#224; v&#7867; &#273;&#7865;p c&#7911;a m&#7897;t m&#224;n tr&#236;nh di&#7877;n tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p, &#273;&#7847;y c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng v&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; &#273;o&#225;n tr&#432;&#7899;c.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tWRl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05d56259-3004-4f07-82e2-2937e704fa21_862x485.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tWRl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05d56259-3004-4f07-82e2-2937e704fa21_862x485.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tWRl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05d56259-3004-4f07-82e2-2937e704fa21_862x485.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tWRl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05d56259-3004-4f07-82e2-2937e704fa21_862x485.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tWRl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05d56259-3004-4f07-82e2-2937e704fa21_862x485.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tWRl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05d56259-3004-4f07-82e2-2937e704fa21_862x485.jpeg" width="862" height="485" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/05d56259-3004-4f07-82e2-2937e704fa21_862x485.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:485,&quot;width&quot;:862,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Awesome Games Done Quick is about two things &#8212; going really fast and  raising millions for charity - ABC News&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Awesome Games Done Quick is about two things &#8212; going really fast and  raising millions for charity - ABC News" title="Awesome Games Done Quick is about two things &#8212; going really fast and  raising millions for charity - ABC News" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tWRl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05d56259-3004-4f07-82e2-2937e704fa21_862x485.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tWRl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05d56259-3004-4f07-82e2-2937e704fa21_862x485.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tWRl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05d56259-3004-4f07-82e2-2937e704fa21_862x485.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tWRl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05d56259-3004-4f07-82e2-2937e704fa21_862x485.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Speedrunning kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; c&#225;ch ch&#417;i game &#8220;sai&#8221;. N&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch ch&#417;i game &#7903; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; s&#226;u s&#7855;c nh&#7845;t, m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; t&#244;n vinh thi&#7871;t k&#7871; c&#7911;a m&#7897;t tr&#242; ch&#417;i b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch hi&#7875;u n&#243; r&#245; r&#224;ng &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; v&#432;&#7907;t qua c&#7843; &#253; &#273;&#7883;nh ban &#273;&#7847;u c&#7911;a t&#225;c gi&#7843;. N&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng th&#7875; hi&#7879;n s&#7921; tr&#226;n tr&#7885;ng t&#7897;t &#273;&#7897; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i t&#225;c ph&#7849;m, b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch kh&#225;m ph&#225; m&#7885;i gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n v&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &#7849;n gi&#7845;u c&#7911;a n&#243;. N&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7897; m&#244;n k&#7871;t h&#7907;p gi&#7919;a hacker, ngh&#7879; s&#297; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n v&#224; nh&#224; khoa h&#7885;c, v&#224; n&#243; x&#7913;ng &#273;&#225;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#244;ng nh&#7853;n l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t &#273;&#7897;c &#273;&#225;o nh&#7845;t m&#224; v&#259;n h&#243;a game &#273;&#227; s&#7843;n sinh ra.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.ludo.school/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#128142; <strong>B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u h&#417;n n&#7919;a? </strong>H&#227;y n&#226;ng c&#7845;p l&#234;n g&#243;i tr&#7843; ph&#237; &#273;&#7875; truy c&#7853;p c&#225;c b&#224;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#7897;c quy&#7873;n v&#224; m&#7903; kh&#243;a to&#224;n b&#7897; th&#432; vi&#7879;n chuy&#234;n s&#226;u c&#7911;a Game h&#243;a!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[User Journey Map cần phải có một Cốt Truyện]]></title><description><![CDATA[H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n chi ti&#7871;t c&#225;ch thi&#7871;t k&#7871; 4 giai &#273;o&#7841;n c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i (Gia nh&#7853;p, Th&#237;ch nghi, Ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, L&#224;m ch&#7911;) nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n.]]></description><link>https://www.ludo.school/p/user-journey-map-can-phai-co-mot</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.ludo.school/p/user-journey-map-can-phai-co-mot</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Hùng Vũ]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:44 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR3K!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd884cf4-4e72-4cc7-8cc8-b75ae51ccef2_9467x4734.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR3K!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd884cf4-4e72-4cc7-8cc8-b75ae51ccef2_9467x4734.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR3K!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd884cf4-4e72-4cc7-8cc8-b75ae51ccef2_9467x4734.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR3K!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd884cf4-4e72-4cc7-8cc8-b75ae51ccef2_9467x4734.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR3K!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd884cf4-4e72-4cc7-8cc8-b75ae51ccef2_9467x4734.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR3K!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd884cf4-4e72-4cc7-8cc8-b75ae51ccef2_9467x4734.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR3K!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd884cf4-4e72-4cc7-8cc8-b75ae51ccef2_9467x4734.png" width="1456" height="728" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bd884cf4-4e72-4cc7-8cc8-b75ae51ccef2_9467x4734.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:728,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;How to design a customer journey map (A step-by-step guide)&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="How to design a customer journey map (A step-by-step guide)" title="How to design a customer journey map (A step-by-step guide)" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR3K!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd884cf4-4e72-4cc7-8cc8-b75ae51ccef2_9467x4734.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR3K!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd884cf4-4e72-4cc7-8cc8-b75ae51ccef2_9467x4734.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR3K!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd884cf4-4e72-4cc7-8cc8-b75ae51ccef2_9467x4734.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DR3K!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd884cf4-4e72-4cc7-8cc8-b75ae51ccef2_9467x4734.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>H&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#8220;game h&#243;a&#8221; &#273;&#7873;u th&#7845;t b&#7841;i. Ch&#250;ng ta th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u m&#7897;t &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng h&#7885;c ng&#244;n ng&#7919; ho&#7863;c t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c v&#7899;i &#273;&#7847;y h&#7913;ng kh&#7903;i, &#273;&#7875; r&#7891;i b&#7883; t&#7845;n c&#244;ng d&#7891;n d&#7853;p b&#7903;i m&#7897;t lo&#7841;t c&#225;c c&#417; ch&#7871; h&#7901;i h&#7907;t. &#272;i&#7875;m s&#7889; bay t&#7913; tung, huy hi&#7879;u s&#225;ng l&#234;n v&#236; nh&#7919;ng l&#253; do v&#244; ngh&#297;a, v&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7843;ng x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng cho ch&#250;ng ta bi&#7871;t m&#236;nh &#273;ang thua k&#233;m h&#224;ng ng&#224;n ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c. Sau v&#224;i tu&#7847;n, s&#7921; h&#7913;ng kh&#7903;i ban &#273;&#7847;u bi&#7871;n m&#7845;t, v&#224; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng n&#7857;m y&#234;n trong m&#7897;t g&#243;c &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i, b&#7883; l&#227;ng qu&#234;n. T&#7841;i sao l&#7841;i nh&#432; v&#7853;y?</p><p>C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i l&#224; v&#236; h&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; kh&#244;ng t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t <em>tr&#242; ch&#417;i</em>. H&#7885; ch&#7881; &#273;ang r&#7855;c &#8220;b&#7909;i game&#8221; l&#234;n m&#7897;t quy tr&#236;nh c&#243; s&#7861;n. H&#7885; t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o b&#7897; ba &#8220;PBL&#8221; (Points, Badges, Leaderboards) v&#224; c&#225;c v&#242;ng l&#7863;p c&#417; h&#7885;c ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n (h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng -&gt; ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng). V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#224;, nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; n&#224;y ch&#7881; k&#237;ch th&#237;ch &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c ngo&#7841;i lai (extrinsic motivation)&#8212;mong mu&#7889;n c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng. &#272;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c ngo&#7841;i lai r&#7845;t d&#7877; b&#7883; b&#227;o h&#242;a v&#224; c&#7921;c k&#7923; mong manh. Ngay khi ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng kh&#244;ng c&#242;n &#253; ngh&#297;a, h&#224;nh vi c&#361;ng s&#7869; ch&#7845;m d&#7913;t.</p><p>H&#7885; qu&#234;n m&#7845;t b&#7913;c tranh l&#7899;n h&#417;n: h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng. M&#7897;t b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng (user journey map) trong m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m game h&#243;a kh&#244;ng n&#234;n l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7843;ng t&#237;nh. N&#243; kh&#244;ng n&#234;n l&#224; m&#7897;t danh s&#225;ch c&#225;c &#8220;c&#7897;t m&#7889;c&#8221; (milestones) r&#7901;i r&#7841;c. N&#243; ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n. M&#7897;t h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng v&#297; &#273;&#7841;i, m&#7897;t h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng gi&#7919; ch&#226;n ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng h&#224;ng th&#225;ng, h&#224;ng n&#259;m, ch&#237;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n s&#7917; thi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; c&#7849;n th&#7853;n, n&#417;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ch&#237;nh l&#224; nh&#226;n v&#7853;t ch&#237;nh. C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n &#273;&#243; t&#7841;o ra <em>b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh</em>, v&#224; b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh t&#7841;o ra <em>&#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c n&#7897;i t&#7841;i</em> (intrinsic motivation)&#8212;mong mu&#7889;n th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng v&#236; ch&#237;nh b&#7843;n th&#226;n h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#243;.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.ludo.school/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#128506;&#65039; <strong>B&#7841;n c&#243; mu&#7889;n h&#7885;c c&#225;ch bi&#7871;n m&#7897;t quy tr&#236;nh nh&#224;m ch&#225;n th&#224;nh m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c phi&#234;u l&#432;u? </strong>H&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n newsletter c&#7911;a Game h&#243;a &#273;&#7875; kh&#225;m ph&#225; c&#225;ch c&#225;c nh&#224; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; b&#7853;c th&#7847;y s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; d&#7851;n d&#7855;t v&#224; t&#7841;o &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c cho ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h4>H&#224;nh tr&#236;nh Th&#7845;t b&#7841;i: T&#7915; H&#7913;ng kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7871;n T&#7867; nh&#7841;t</h4><p>H&#224;nh tr&#236;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng &#273;i&#7875;n h&#236;nh trong m&#7897;t &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng game h&#243;a th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia th&#224;nh b&#7889;n giai &#273;o&#7841;n k&#7929; thu&#7853;t: Gia nh&#7853;p (Onboarding), Th&#237;ch nghi (Scaffolding), Ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n (Development), v&#224; L&#224;m ch&#7911; (Mastery/Endgame). V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#224;, h&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ch&#250;ng nh&#432; b&#7889;n h&#242;n &#273;&#7843;o t&#225;ch bi&#7879;t, kh&#244;ng c&#243; c&#226;y c&#7847;u n&#224;o n&#7889;i li&#7873;n.</p><ol><li><p><strong>Gia nh&#7853;p:</strong> M&#7897;t lo&#7841;t m&#224;n h&#236;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n nh&#224;m ch&#225;n, b&#7855;t b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7885;c v&#224; ghi nh&#7899; m&#7885;i t&#237;nh n&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#7841;n k&#7883;p l&#224;m b&#7845;t c&#7913; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;. N&#243; &#8220;n&#7841;p tr&#432;&#7899;c&#8221; (front-load) m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;ng th&#244;ng tin kh&#7893;ng l&#7891; m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh, khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng c&#7843;m th&#7845;y b&#7883; qu&#225; t&#7843;i v&#224; ng&#7889;c ngh&#7871;ch. N&#243; gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; vi&#7879;c b&#7883; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7885;c s&#225;ch h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#233;p ch&#417;i.</p></li><li><p><strong>Th&#237;ch nghi/Ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n:</strong> Giai &#273;o&#7841;n &#8220;c&#224;y cu&#7889;c&#8221; (grind). B&#7841;n b&#7883; n&#233;m v&#224;o m&#7897;t v&#242;ng l&#7863;p c&#7889;t l&#245;i (core loop), l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i m&#7897;t h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng duy nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7893;i l&#7845;y &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889; v&#224; c&#225;c ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng ngo&#7841;i lai. V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng kh&#244;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i, trong khi ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng th&#236; c&#243;. K&#7929; n&#259;ng c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng t&#259;ng l&#234;n, nh&#432;ng th&#7917; th&#225;ch v&#7851;n v&#7853;y. S&#7921; t&#7867; nh&#7841;t b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n.</p></li><li><p><strong>L&#224;m ch&#7911;:</strong> Giai &#273;o&#7841;n &#8220;k&#7871;t th&#250;c&#8221;. B&#7841;n &#273;&#227; m&#7903; kh&#243;a m&#7885;i th&#7913;, &#273;&#7841;t c&#7845;p &#273;&#7897; t&#7889;i &#273;a, v&#224;... h&#7871;t. B&#7841;n &#273;&#7909;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t &#8220;b&#7913;c t&#432;&#7901;ng&#8221;. Kh&#244;ng c&#242;n g&#236; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m. &#7912;ng d&#7909;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch n&#224;o cho nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng trung th&#224;nh nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y v&#7873; c&#417; b&#7843;n l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7921; tr&#7915;ng ph&#7841;t cho l&#242;ng trung th&#224;nh. B&#7841;n c&#224;ng gi&#7887;i, b&#7841;n c&#224;ng nhanh ch&#225;n v&#224; r&#7901;i &#273;i.</p></li></ol><p>Trong su&#7889;t h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh n&#224;y, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng kh&#244;ng c&#7843;m th&#7845;y m&#236;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t anh h&#249;ng &#273;ang tr&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng chinh ph&#7909;c th&#7917; th&#225;ch. H&#7885; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y m&#236;nh gi&#7889;ng m&#7897;t con chu&#7897;t trong ph&#242;ng th&#237; nghi&#7879;m Skinner Box, ch&#7841;y theo v&#242;ng quay &#273;&#7875; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t vi&#234;n ph&#244; mai. &#272;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c c&#7911;a h&#7885; thay &#273;&#7893;i theo th&#7901;i gian, nh&#432;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng th&#236; kh&#244;ng. H&#7879; th&#7889;ng ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i cho m&#7885;i th&#7913;: th&#234;m &#273;i&#7875;m, th&#234;m huy hi&#7879;u. N&#243; kh&#244;ng t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng s&#7921; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IhZD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9a82a9d-8a80-4747-b126-3aa054c66c9a_1200x800.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IhZD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9a82a9d-8a80-4747-b126-3aa054c66c9a_1200x800.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IhZD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9a82a9d-8a80-4747-b126-3aa054c66c9a_1200x800.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IhZD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9a82a9d-8a80-4747-b126-3aa054c66c9a_1200x800.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IhZD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9a82a9d-8a80-4747-b126-3aa054c66c9a_1200x800.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IhZD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9a82a9d-8a80-4747-b126-3aa054c66c9a_1200x800.jpeg" width="1200" height="800" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c9a82a9d-8a80-4747-b126-3aa054c66c9a_1200x800.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:800,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Gaming Fatigue and How to Combat It - Game Quitters&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Gaming Fatigue and How to Combat It - Game Quitters" title="Gaming Fatigue and How to Combat It - Game Quitters" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IhZD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9a82a9d-8a80-4747-b126-3aa054c66c9a_1200x800.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IhZD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9a82a9d-8a80-4747-b126-3aa054c66c9a_1200x800.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IhZD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9a82a9d-8a80-4747-b126-3aa054c66c9a_1200x800.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IhZD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9a82a9d-8a80-4747-b126-3aa054c66c9a_1200x800.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Khung s&#432;&#7901;n S&#7917; thi: B&#7889;n Giai &#273;o&#7841;n nh&#432; m&#7897;t C&#7889;t truy&#7879;n</h4><p>Gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p n&#7857;m &#7903; vi&#7879;c c&#7845;u tr&#250;c l&#7841;i to&#224;n b&#7897; h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh n&#224;y d&#432;&#7899;i l&#259;ng k&#237;nh c&#7911;a thi&#7871;t k&#7871; t&#432;&#7901;ng thu&#7853;t (narrative design). Thay v&#236; l&#224; c&#225;c giai &#273;o&#7841;n k&#7929; thu&#7853;t, ch&#250;ng ta h&#227;y xem ch&#250;ng l&#224; c&#225;c H&#7891;i (Acts) c&#7911;a m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n. T&#7841;i sao? B&#7903;i v&#236; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a m&#7897;t &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng game h&#243;a c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a (h&#7885;c t&#7853;p, s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e, t&#224;i ch&#237;nh) ch&#237;nh l&#224; s&#7921; <em>thay &#273;&#7893;i</em> v&#224; <em>tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh</em>. V&#224; &#8220;H&#224;nh tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a Ng&#432;&#7901;i anh h&#249;ng&#8221; (The Hero&#8217;s Journey) c&#7911;a Joseph Campbell ch&#237;nh l&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n ph&#7893; qu&#225;t nh&#7845;t v&#7873; s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i v&#224; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh.</p><p>B&#7889;n giai &#273;o&#7841;n c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t song h&#224;nh m&#7897;t c&#225;ch ho&#224;n h&#7843;o v&#7899;i m&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;y:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Giai &#273;o&#7841;n 1: Gia nh&#7853;p (Onboarding)</strong> kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#224;i h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n. N&#243; l&#224; &#8220;L&#7901;i m&#7901;i g&#7885;i Phi&#234;u l&#432;u&#8221; (The Call to Adventure).</p></li><li><p><strong>Giai &#273;o&#7841;n 2: Th&#237;ch nghi (Scaffolding)</strong> kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; c&#225;c nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n. N&#243; l&#224; &#8220;V&#432;&#7907;t qua Ng&#432;&#7905;ng c&#7917;a&#8221; (Crossing the Threshold) v&#224; g&#7863;p g&#7905; &#8220;Ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7889; v&#7845;n&#8221; (The Mentor).</p></li><li><p><strong>Giai &#273;o&#7841;n 3: Ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n (Development)</strong> kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; &#8220;c&#224;y cu&#7889;c&#8221;. N&#243; l&#224; &#8220;Con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng Th&#7917; th&#225;ch&#8221; (The Road of Trials), n&#417;i ng&#432;&#7901;i anh h&#249;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh.</p></li><li><p><strong>Giai &#273;o&#7841;n 4: L&#224;m ch&#7911; (Mastery)</strong> kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; &#8220;k&#7871;t th&#250;c&#8221;. N&#243; l&#224; &#8220;Tr&#7903; v&#7873; v&#7899;i B&#7843;o b&#7889;i&#8221; (The Return with the Elixir), n&#417;i ng&#432;&#7901;i anh h&#249;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh m&#7899;i c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; gi&#250;p &#273;&#7905; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c.</p></li></ol><p>B&#7857;ng c&#225;ch l&#7891;ng gh&#233;p m&#7897;t c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n, ch&#250;ng ta mang l&#7841;i <em>b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh</em> v&#224; <em>&#253;</em> ngh&#297;a cho h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng. M&#7895;i c&#250; nh&#7845;p chu&#7897;t kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#250; nh&#7845;p chu&#7897;t; n&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;n trong m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c phi&#234;u l&#432;u l&#7899;n lao h&#417;n. Vi&#7879;c &#8220;ho&#224;n th&#224;nh m&#7897;t b&#224;i t&#7853;p&#8221; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c nh&#224;, n&#243; l&#224; &#8220;m&#224;i s&#7855;c thanh ki&#7871;m c&#7911;a b&#7841;n&#8221; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o cu&#7897;c chi&#7871;n.</p>
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